Hgi nghj Khoa hgc vd Cdng ngh$ bien todn qudc lan tkir V
KHAO SAT THANH PHAN VA HAM LlTonVG LIPIT TRONG SAN HO VIET NAM
Pham Minh QuanS Nguyin Van Sffn', Dang Thj Phuong Ly\ Nguyen Thi Thu^
Trinh Thi Thu HutfngS Doan Lan PhuongS Cam Thi Inh*, Chu Quang Truyen', Pham Quoc Long', Liru Van Huyen^ Imbs A.B.^
1 - Vign Hda hgc cdc Hgp chdt Thien nhi§n 2 - Trudng Dai hgc Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng Ha Ngi 3 - Vien Sinh vat bien, Phdn vi^n Vien Ddng - Vien HLKH Lien bang Nga
Email: [email protected] Tom tdt:
San hd cd mdt vai trd rdt quan trgng ddi vdi h$ sinh thdi bien Vi^t Nam, dong thai chiing Id ngudn hogt chdt vd ciing quy bau trong ngdnh cdng nghiep y duac. Tuy nhien cho den nay viec nghien ciru ve cdc harp chdt huu ca trong san hd vd y nghia phdn logi hgc ciia chiing vdn cdn la dieu mai me d Viet Nam vi vdy cdn cd nhung cdng trinh nghiin ciru mgt cdch tdng qudt trong ITnh virc nghiin cim mdi ndy, gdp phdn vdo viec khai thdc ngudn lai vd bdo ton san ho a nude ta. Bdi ndy trinh bdy kit qua nghiin ciru ciia nhdm tdc gid ve thdnh phdn vd hdm lugmg cdc hgp chdt lipit vd axit beo dia gdn 80 lodi san ho bao gom 31 lodi san ho cung vd 46 lodi san hd mim a viing bien ven b& Viet Nam vd y nghia ciia axit beo trong phdn logi hgc san ho.
STUDY ON THE COMPOSITION AND CONTENT OF LIPID IN VIETNAM CORAL
Coral plays a criterial role in Vietnam marine ecosystems, they are also an extremely valuable resources for pharmaceutical industry. However, so far the studies on the chemical composition of corals and its taxonomical significance still a new thing to Vietnamese scientists, therefore led to the urgency of research works in this sccientific research field, contributing to the resources exploitation and conservation of coral reefs in our country.
This paper presents the research results on the compositiori and content of lipid and fatty acid of nearly 80 coral species, including 31 hard corals and 46 soft corals in Vietnam coastal, as well as the significance of fatty acids in coral species classification.
I. M d DAU
Viet Nam tir Idu da dugc bi6t den Id mgt qudc gia cd tiSm ndng vd cimg Idn ve biin vdi nhirng ran san hd da dang vao loai bdc nhdt tren thS gidi. Vai trd cua nhiing ran san hd nay
Tieu ban Sinh hoc vd nguon Igri sinh vgt Bien 749
doi vdi he sinh thdi biin Id vd cimg to Idn, chung gdp phdn hinh thdnh va duy tri su phong phu cua he sinh vdt biin nude ta. Trong vdng 50 nam qua, su quan tdm cua cdc nhd khoa hgc ddi vdi san hd da tang len nhanh chdng, nhd lien quan din viec phat hien trong ca thi chung cdc ho^t chdt quy hiem ve mat sinh hgc, dd Id cac axit beo khdng no da ndi ddi va dan xudt cua chiing md gan lien Id nhung cugc each mang trong cdng nghiep dugc phdm.
Tuy nhien trong ITnh vuc nghien ciiu lipit va axit beo tir san hd Viet Nam mdi chi cd mdt vdi cdng trinh ciia nhdm tdc gia Pham Qu6c Long va cdng su (1997-2007) [1], ddy Id viing so lieu cdn dugc khai thdc trong thdi gian tdi. Qua cdc nghien ciiu gdn day [2],[5], da xac dinh dugc thdnh phdn Hpit va axit beo trong san hd, ngoai ra bdng phuang phap cdu tii chinh (PCA) ciing dd cho phep sii dung cdc axit beo dl phdn loai bdng phuang phdp hda hgc cac lodi san hd, gdp phdn bd sung thdng tin quy bau cho cac nha phdn loai sinh hgc.
IL NGUYEN HEU VA PHU'CfNG PHAP ILL Nguyen lieu, phuoTng phap lay mHu
Cac mau san hd nguyen ciiu bao gdm: 31 loai san hd cung vd 46 lodi san hd mem, dugc thu thdp tai cdc vung bien Hdi Phdng, Qudng Ninh, Da Ndng, Nha Trang, Qudn ddo Trudng Sa vdo cac ndm 2005, 2007, 2010 bdi cdc chuyen khdo sat biin bdng tdu Akademik Oparin Lien Bang Nga vdi thiet bi lay mau SCUBA. Cac mdu san hd nghien cim dugc TS Nguyen Huy Yet - Vi?n Khoa hgc vd Cdng ngh? VN; TS Tatiana N. Dautova - Vien Sinh vat bien Viln Ddng gidm djnh, ti6u bdn mdu dugc luu tai Vien Hdi duang hgc Nha Trang va Vign Sinh vdt bien Vien Ddng - Vign HLKH LB Nga va dugc bao quan theo cdc dieu kign tieu chuan.
Bdng I: Ten lodi, gidng, hg vd thir tu cda cdc mdu san hd cirng Hg
Dendrophylliidae Euphyllidae Oculinidae Pectinidae
Faviidae
Giong Turbinaria Euphyllia Galaxea Echinophyllia Cyphastrea Goniastrea Favia Favites
Loai T.mesenterina Tpeltata E.ancora G.fascicularis E.orphensis E.ehinata C.chalcidicum C.serailia G.chinensis G.pectinata F.lizardensis F. maxima F. maritime F.abdita F. flexuosa
TTmau 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Hdi nghi Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghj biin todn qudc Idn thit V
Fungiidae
Poritidae
Acroporidae
Fun gia Litophyllon Goniopora Porites
Acropora
F.scutaria F.horrida L.undulatum G.lobata G.stokesi P.cylindrica P.lobata A.cytherea A.acumlnate A .mlcrophthalma A.hacinthum A.nobilis A.grandis A.samoensis A.hiimills Astreopora ocelata
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 '28 29 30 31 Bdng 2: Tin lodi, gidng, ho vd thu tu ciia cdc mdu san hd mem Hp
Hp Alcyoniidae
Giong
Lobophytum
Sinularia
Loai Lobophytum sp.
Lobophytum camatum Lobophytum undatum Lobophytum baratum Lobophytum pusillum Lobophytum cf. delectum Lobophytum michaelae Sinularia flexibllis Sinularia capillosa Sinularia leptoclados Sinularia polydactyla Sinularia cruciata Sinularia off. deformis Sinularia gibberosa Sinularia querlformis Sinularia sp.
Sinularialochmodes
TT I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Tieu ban Sinh hoc vd nsudn l(ri sinh vdt Bien
Hg Nephtheidae
Hg Xeniidae Hg Gorgoniidae
Sarcophyton
Dendronephthya
Cespitularia Clavularia Gorgonaria
Sinularia cf. muralis Sinularia densa Sinularia notanda Sacophyton poculiformer Sacophyton cinereum Sacophyton sp.
Sacophyton moseri Sacophyton tenenim Sacophyton digitatum Sacophyton chrenbergi Sacophyton buitendijki Sacophyton off. crassiim Sacophyton
trocheliophorum Sacophyton aciitiim Sacophyton elegans Sacophyton crassocaule Dendronephthya crystallina
Dendronephthya aurea Dendronephthya gigantea Dendronephthya aff.
involuta
Dendronephthya sp. 1 Dendronephthya sp.2 Dendronephthya sp.3 Dendronephthya sp.
Dendronephthya cfpulchella Cespitularia sp.
Clavularia sp.
Euplexaura erecta Nicaiile crucifera
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 - 41
42 43 44 45 46
Hdi nghj Khoa hgc vd Cdng ngh? bien todn qudc lan thu V
n.2. Phuong phap phan tich lipit tong
Tu dich cd lipit cua cac mdu san hd, tien hanh cham ban mdng silicagel (6x6 cm) 3 vet vdi lugng chdt Idn lugt Id 5fil; lOfil va 15(^1, chay trong he dung mdi C6H12: (CH3CH2)20:
CH3C60H = 80:20:1, hien hinh bdng dung dich H2SO4/CH3OH 10%. Sdy ban mdng d nhi?t do 180°C tron^ thdi gian 10 phut va scan tren may Epson Perfection 2400 PHOTO (Nagano, Japan). Phdn tram cua cdc ldp chat trong lipit tdng dugc xac dinh dua hen vi?c do dien tich va cudng do mau xam vgt chat bang chuang trinh phan tich hinh anh Sorbfil TLC Videodensitometer DV (Krasnodar, Russia). Don vi tinh todn Id dan vj tieu chudn trong phan tich cac Idp chat lipit. Mdi man lam 3 Idn vd lay gid tri trung binh cua hdm lugng cac ldp chat.
IL3. Phucmg phap phSn tich ham luong cdc axit beo
Cdc axit beo nam hau het d cac ldp chat trong lipit tdng nhu sterol, monoalkyldiaxylglyxerol, triaxylglyxerol, lipit phdn cue vd axit beo tu do. Dich chiet lipit tdng dugc metyl este hda rdi tien hdnh phdn tich thdnh phan vd ham lugng axit beo bdng phuang phap sac ki khi ket ndi khdi phd GC-MS:
Ldy 10-15mg lipit cho vao ong nghiem, them 0,25-0,3ml CgHe, sau dd them tiip 0,25 ml CHspNa/CHaOH 1%,_ Idc ki rdi dun d i°= 45-50''C khodng 15 phiit. Ldy ra dl ngudi r6i them tiep Iml HCl 5% lac ky. Cho them 2ml n-hexan va Iml H2O vdo hdn hgp vira thu dugc, lac manh, de phdn Idp rdi hut lay Idp chdt metyleste d tren. Dich chiet thu dugc dem cat loai dung mdi d nhiet do thdp tdi kiet, them 0,5ml CHCI3 rdi dilu chi tren bdn mong hrang sdn Silicagel 60GF254, cat ria ban mong de phun thudc thu la dung dich H- 2SO4/CH3OH 10%, ha ndng de phdt hien vet chat, ghep 1^1 ban mdn^ nhu cix de xac djnh viing chdt, sau dd cao ldp Silica gel cd chat, gidi hdp phu thu dugc phan metyl este cua cdc axit beo. Phdn nay dugc Idm khan bang Na2S04 trudc khi tien hdnh phan tich bdng GC - MS.
11.4. Phuong phap phan loai san ho bang cau tu chinh (PCA)
Phuang phap phan tich cdu tu chinh [3] dugc su dung de nhdm cac td hgp tuang ddi gidng nhau nhdt ve thdnh phdn axit beo theo tiing nhdm san hd. Dd la mdt xdp xi de udc lugng su khac nhau ve thdnh phan cdc axit beo theo tirng nhdm san hd khac nhau tir mdt tap mau Idn Y, (tj). Q day Y the hien cac ddi tugng nghien ciiu (cdc loai san hd) phdn bd theo tirng cgt i, va X Id thanh phdn cdc axit beo the hien d hang j.Trong bdi bao nay, chung tdi sir d\mg cac chuang trinh phdn mem Multivariate Statistics, Package Plus, Ver. 21K va STATBOX Grimmer, Paris [4] dl phan tich.
i n . KET QUA VA THAO LUAN HI.l. Thanh phan va ham lugng cac ldp chat trong san hd cirng
Trong lipit tdng ciia san hd da phdn tich dugc cd 6 Idp chdt, bao gdm: phosphohpit (lipit phdn cue, PL); sterol (ST); axit beo tu do (FFA); triaxylglycerol (TAG);
monoankyldiaxylglycerol (MADAG); hydrocacbon (HC) va cac chdt khdc chua dinh dang dugc (AT). Ham lugng trung binh cac ldp chdt trong 31 loai san hd cung dugc trinh bay trong hinh 1.1.
Tieu ban Sinh hgc vd nguon lgi sinh vgt Bien
MADA:4.5
Hinh I: Ty li% cdc lap chdt trong lipit tdng ciia 31 lodi san hd cirng Ghi chu:
- PL: lipit phan cue - TAG: triaxylglyxerol - HC: hydrocacbon
- ST: sterol - FFA: axit beo tu do -MADAG: monoankyldiaxylglyxerol - AT: Cac chdt khac chua djnh dang dugc
Ket qua cho thdy cdc ldp chdt trong lipit tdng cua 31 lodi san hd cicng d^t tren 96% d hdu het cdc loai, ham lugng trung binh cua hydrocacbon chiem tdi 46,6% trong lipit tdng, m6t so lodi cd ham lugng hydrocacbon cao Id Echinophylia orphensis (61,9%);
Echinophylia ehinata (62,4%) va Cyphastrea serallia (66,4%). Hai loai cd ham lugng thdp la Fiingia horrida (23,9%); lodi Porites cylindrical (29,3%). Ham lugng trung binh cua liph phdn cue (phospholipit, PL) la 15,1%, trong dd cd mdt sd lodi cd ham lugng cao nhir:
Galaxea fasclcularis (23,9%); Fungia scutaria (24,1%); Cyphastrea chalcidicum (24,2%).
Sterol chiem ti le thdp trong lipit tdng, trung binh Id 5,6% va dao dgng tir 2,2% d loai Goniastra chinensis cho tdi 10% d lodi Acropora samoensis. Hai lodi cd lugng sterol cao la Galaxea fascicularis (7%) \& Acropora mlcrophthalma (4,8%). Ti le nay khd thdp khi so sanh vdi cac lodi nay d viing bien khac. Ham lugng axit beo t\r do trung binh chi d£it 1,1%
trong dd thap nhdt la loai Goniastrea pectinata (0,5%) va cao nhdt Id lodi Galaxea pectinata (3,7%). Ldp chdt triaxylglycerol chilm ham lugng Idn trong lipit tdng, dat trung binh la 23,5%. Mdt sd lodi cd ham lugng Idp chdt ndy cao Id Astreopora ocelata (32,9%);
Acropora humilis (33,2%). Monoankyldiaxylglycerol trung binh dat 4,5%, cao nhdt la lodi Acropora hacinthum (12,5%); thdp nhdt Id lodi Acropora mlcrophthalma (0,8%).
IIL2. Thanh phan va ham lugng cac Idp chat trong san ho m i m
Trong 46 lodi san hd mem da nghien cim, ham lugng cdc Idp chat trong lipit t i n g dat tren 97% d hdu hit cac loai. Phdn trdm trung binh cdc ldp chdt dugc trinh bay d hinh 2.
Hinh 4: Ty li% cdc lap chdt trong lipit tdng ciia 46 lodi san hd mem
Hgi nghi Khoa hgc vd Cdng ngh4 biJn todn qudc lan thu V
Kit qud phdn tich cho thdy trong san hd mim, hydrocacbon ciing chilm ti le cao (32%) trong lipit tdng. Mdt sd lodi cd.hdm lugng ldp chdt nay cao la Lobophytiim michaelae (55,5%); Sinularia lochmodes (51,9%). Hdm lugng trung binh ciia ldp chat phospholipit trong 46 loai san hd mim cao ban rat nhieu so vdi san hd ciing, trung binh dat 31,2%. Mgt sd lodi dat tl le cao la Dendronephthya aurea (50,7%); Dendronephthya cfpulchella (58,8%), thdp d cac lodi Lobophytum sp. (13,6%); Lobophytum undatiim (13,7%). Sterol chilm '9,5% trong thanh phdn lipit tdng. Ham lugng cao d nhung loai Dendronephthya crystallina (18%); Dendronephthya aurea (20,3%), thip d lodi Sinularia lochmodes (2,7%); Sarcophyton sp. (3,9%). Ham lugng axit beo tu do tuang tu nhu trong san ho cirng, chi chiem mdt ti le rat nhd trong lipit tdng. Thanh phdn trung binh trong 46 lodi san hdmlm Id 1,8%. Ldp chat triaxylglyxerol dat 8%, trong do nhirng lodi cd hdm lugng triaxylglyxerol cao Id lodi Sarcophytum digitatum (14,1%); Lobophytum sp. (17,2%),' thdp d nhiing loai Cespitularia sp. (1,9%); Sarcophyton cinereum (3,5%). Ham lugng monoankyldiaxyglyxerol trong san hd mem nhieu ban dang ke so vdi san hd ciing, ham lugng trung bmh hong lipit tdng Id 15,7%. Trong dd cao nhdt Id loai Sarcophytum crassocaule (34,6%).
III.3. Thanh phan va ham lugng axit b^o trong san ho cirng
Ham lugng trung binh cac day axit cua 31 loai san hd cung dugc neu trong hinh 3. Ham lugng tdng axit beo no cua hau het cdc loai deu thap han tdng axit khdng no, trir cac lodi Echinophyllia ehinata, Goniastrea chinensis, Goniopora stokesi, Astreopora ocelata co ham lugng tdng axit no vd khdng no tuang iing la (52,5%; 44,7%), (70,6%; 25,9%), (51,7%; 41,6) vd (52,1%; 45,4%).
Axit {fl-9): 7.92 Axit (n-6J: 22.61
Hinh 3: Ty le% cdc day axit beo ciia 31 lodi san hd cung
Cac axit beo khdng no da ndi ddi (Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids - PUFAs) ddy (n-3) va (n-6) cd y nghTa dac biet quan trgng, chiing la tiln chdt de tao ra cdc ddn xuat cd hoat tinh sinh hgc cao nhu cac prostaglandin, cac oxylipin. Trong san hd ciing, hdm lugng cac axit day (n-6) chilm ti Ig kha cao, dat 22,61% vdi cac axit chii dao la C18:3 (n-3); C20:5 (n-3);
C22:6 (n-3). Trong khi do cac axit ddy (n-3) chi chilm trung binh 17,43% vdi phdn chii dao Id cdc xxit C18:3 (n-6); C20:3 (n-6); C20:4 (n-6); C22:4 (n-6). Ddy la ca sd dk djnh hudng cho viec tao cac chi phim giau PUFAs.
Tieu ban Sinh hoc vd nguon lai sinh vdt Bien
Axit day (n-7) ciing dugc phdt hien d hiu hit cac loai, dao dgng tir 1,4 din 12,7%, hdm lugng cao nhdt dugc ghi nhan d cac loai Galaxea fascicularis (12,7%); Goniopora stokesi (9,3%) va Favia maritima (8,2%), thdp d cac loai Porites lobata (1,4%) va Acropora grandis (2%). Ham lugng axit day (n-9) cd su khdc nhau kha nhilu hong cac lodi, dao dgng trong khodng 4% d loai Goniastrea chinensis din 21,3% d loai Porites lobata.
^COOH
^COOH
^COOH 15-C24:l(n-9)
5,9-C24;2(n-15) 15,18-C24:2(n-6) 5,9.17-C24:3 (n-7)
12,15,18,21-C24:4 Cn-3) C24:0
Hinh 4: Cdc axit mgch sieu ddi trong san hd cung
Dac bi?t Idn ddu tien ddi vdi san hd ciing,^ dd phdt hign trong bai lodi Porites cylindrica va Porites lobata thugc hg Poritidae dugc ldy tir vung biin ven bd Vigt Nam cd cdc axit beo mach sieu dai khdng bao hod vdi 24 nguyen tii carbon: 15-C24:l(n-9); 5,9-C24:2 (n- 15); 15,18-C24:2 (n-6); 5,9,17-C24:3 (n-7) vd 12,15,18,21-024:4 (n-3) vdi hdm lugng khoang 0,1 den 0,2% dugc the hign nhu tren hinh 4.
III.4. Thanh ph^n vd ham lugng axit beo trong san ho mim
Hdm lugng tdng cac day axit cua 46 loai san hd mem dugc neu trong hinh 5. Ham lugng axit beo no thap hdn axit beo khdng no d nhieu loai san hd mim, dac biet la nhirng loai thugc gidng Dendronephthya, ham lugng axit beo khdng no cao hem nhieu so vdi axit beo no. Mdt sd loai cd ti le axit beo no cao la Sarcophyton sp. (58%); Sinularia leptoclados (59,7%); Sarcophyton poculiformer (60,1%); Lobophytum sp. (61,3%) , thap d cac loai Dendronephthya sp.l (13,2%); Nicaule crucifera (14%); Dendronephthya sp.2 (14%).
Axit(n-9) 11.15 Axil (n-2): 8-81
Axit (n-6y. 28.23 -•
Axit no: 37.35
Hinh 5: Tyl^% cdc ddy axit beo cua 46 lodi san hd mim
Hgi nghj Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghe bien todn quoc Idn thir V
Ham lugng axit day (n-3) trong cdc lodi san hd mem khdng khac biet nhilu so vdi san hd Cling, trung bmh dat 12,08% vdi cdc axit chinh la C18:4 (n-3); C20:4 (n-3); C22:4 (n-3) va C24:6 (n-3), my nhien deu d ham lugng thdp vd thdm chi vdng mat trong mgt sd loai.
Ham lugng axit day (n-6) dat pia tri cao, dat ti 28,23% trong axit beo tdng vd dao ddng hi 7,4% d lodi Lobophytum sp. den 56,7% d lodi Nicaule crucifera. Mdt sd axit beo day (n-6) chmh Id C20:3 (n-6); C20:4 (n-6) vd C24:5(n-6).
Axit day (n-2) chi chiem mgt hdm lugng thap tron^ san hd mini, cac axit day (n-2) dao ddng tii 0,3% d lodi Dendronephthya cfpulchella den 21% d lodi Sinularia lochmodes.
Ngoai ra cdn cd mdt sd day axit cd boat tinh cao khac nhu cac axit (n-9) vd axit (n-1) vdi ti le thap trong mdt sd hg.
ni.5. Axit beo trong phdn loai san ho cung
Chiing tdi lira chgn ham lugng ciia 5 axit beo PUFAs t^y (n-6) la: CI8:3 (n-6), C20:3 (n-6), C20:4 (n-6), C22:4 (n-6) va C22:5 (n-6) va ham lugng cua 5 axit beo PUFAs day (n- 3) Id: C18:4 (n-3). C20:4 (n-3), C20:5 (n-3), C22:5 (n-3) va C22:6 (n-3) cua 31 loai thudc 8 hg san hd ciing de phan tich. Bdng phuang phap phdn tich cdu tu chinh (PCA) da cho kit qud d hinh 6.
•2 4k OendrophylllldaB
ir-t--.
n ^ • 12 > +
19 Parltldae
_,' \
-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.5 2.0 2.5
Hinh 6: Kit qud phdn tich bdng phucmg phdp cdu tir chinh cua cdc lodi san hd cung
Ket qud cho thdy cd su tao thanh nhirng virng phan biet rd rang trong khdng gian hai chieu cua hai true 1 (Factor 1) va true 2 (Factor 3) cac loai thugc cac hg san ho Fungiidae, Dendrophylliidae vd Pectinidae. Miln trung tam la cac vung chdng Idn, tuy nhien vdn cd su phan chia ranh gidi ba hg san hd la hg Acroporidae, Poritidae va Faviidae,
Tieu ban Sinh hgc vd ngudn lgi sinh vdt Bien
Cac hg Euphyllidae vd Oculinidae cung cd mat trong vimg trung tam nay nhung do sd lugng mau it nen su phdn bd ciia chiing khdng dugc the hien ro rdng.
Tir sd lieu phdn tich nit ra kit luan: cac bien chmh theo triic 1 Id cdc axit C22:4 (n-6), C20:3 (n-6), C20:5 (n-3) vd C20:4 (n-3). Theo hue nay cac hg Acroporidae, Poritidae vd Dendrophylliidae la khac biet vdi eac hg Faviidae, Fungiidae, Pectinidae, ciing nhu da phan chia dugc cdc loai rieng le ben trong hg Faviidae, Poritidae. Cdc bien chinh theo true 2 la cdc axit C22:5 (n-6) va C22:6 (n-3). Theo true ndy hg Fungiidae tdch khdi hg Pectinidae, Acroporidae, ciing nhu da phan chia dugc cdc lodi rieng le ben trong hg Faviidae. Nhu vdy da chiing minh rdng axit beo PUFAs thilt ylu cd the ddng vai trd chit ddnh dau phan loai theo hod hgc (chemotaxonomy) san hd kien tao ran tren miic do hg (ddng). De phdn loai san hd ciing, chi su dung ham lugng cua 5 axit beo PUFAs day (n-3) vd 5 axit PUFAs day (n-6) da neu d tren.
in.6. Axit beo trong phdn loai san hd mem
Ddi vdi phdn loai san hd mem, chiing tdi sii dung toan bd hdm lugng cac axit beo da nghien ciiu lam cdc bien phdn tich. Bang phuang phdp phdn tich cdu tir chinh nhu hen, da thu dugc ket qud d hinh 7.
-1 .oo IK-
^ F a c t o r S
*J?P S \ ^ ~ ^
2 . 0 0 F - o c t o r 1
Hinh 7: Kit qud phdn tich bdng phuang phdp cdu tu chinh cua cdc lodi san hd mim
Tir kit qua thu dugc, nit ra mgt sd kit luan nhu sau: trong khdng gian hai chieu true sd 1 (Factor 1) va trgc sd 2 (Factor 2), san ho thudc cdc hg Alcyoniidae, Gorgoniidae, Xeniidae tao thanh cac vung khdng cd chdng lin. Cdc lodi eiia san hd gidng Dendronephthya thugc hg Nephtheidae khdng cd tdo Zooxanthellae cgng sinh phan ra mgt
Hgi nghj Khoa hgc vd Cdng ngh? bien todn qudc lan thu V
viuig rieng, con ba dong san ho mSm Sinularia, Lobophytum va Sarcophyton co so cac loai la dong nhat X^o thanh vimg trung tam chung. KSt qua niy cho thay cac axit beo chi phan loji du9C san ho mSm tren miic do dong ho, ngoai ra co thi dugc su dung dl phan loai san ho mSm phu thuoc vao su co mat hay v5ng mat cua tao cong smh Zooxanthellae hong chung. Khi phSn tich cao biin rieng le chi ra ring, tuy su dvmg toan bp ham lugng axit beo lam cac bien nhmig su khac biet giira cac hg san ho mim chu ylu do ham lugng cua mgt s6 axit quy dinh, eg thi nhu: cac PUFAs C18-22, PLTFAs m?ch sieu dai C24:6 {n-3) va C24:5 (n-6), mgt si axit beo dang C16:2, C18:2 va mgt day axit beo bao hoJ phSn nhanh d?ing mono vdi mach co s6 nguyen hi cacbon le nhu C17;I-br. Nhan xet thiy cac bi6n chmh theo true 1 li cac axit 7-Me-C16;l(n-I0); C22:5 (n-6), C24:5 (n-6), va C24:6 (n-3), theo true nay cac san ho Dendronephthya thugc hg Nephtheidae, Gorgoniidae la khac biet vol cac hg Alcyoniidae va Xeniidae. Cac biin chinh theo true 2 la cac axit C20:5 (n-3);
C22:6 (n-3); C24:4 (n-3) va C24:5 (n-3), theo hgc nay hg Alcyoniidae tach khoi hg Xeniidae va hg Gorgoniidae, cung nhu da phan chia dugc cac loai rieng le ben trong hg Alcyoniidae.
rv. KET LU/^N
Da nghien ciiu thanh phan va ham lugng lipit, axit beo ciia 31 lo^i san ho ciing va 46 loai san ho mim of vimg biin ven bo Viet Nam. Cac kit qua da cho thay co 6 lop chat chinh hong thanh phin Upit bao gim: PL, ST, FFA, MADAG, TAG, HC. Da phan tich thanh phin va ham lugng cdc axit beo c6 trong nhung loai san ho nghien ciiu, bang phuong phap cau tii chinh (PCA) da phan loai dugc cac hg san h6 khac nhau d\ra tren cac axit beo thilt ylu. Nhiing ket qua thu dugc la co so dinh huong cho viec tao cac che phim trong tuong lai, dong thai gop phan bo sung thong tin quy bau cho cac nha phan logi sinh vat hpc va cong cugc bao ton ran san h6 a Vipt Nam.
TAI LIfiU THAM KHAO
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Biochunica et Biophysica Acta 1083(2) : 161-165.
