QUAN IY KINH TE
Tac dong cua hogt dong ddi mdi len hieu qua hoot dpng cua doanli nghiep nho va vCra tqi
Viet Nam
P H A M T H I QUYNH NHtT P H A M T I E N T H A N H L E T H A N H T U N G
%ghiin cdu ndy diidc thdc hien nhdm xem xet vai trd cua ddi mdi ve mat ky thudt len i hiiu qud cua doanh nghiip nho vd vi£a d Viit Nam va dita ra nhdng hdm y ehinh sach, gidi phdp thuc ddy ddi mdi ndng cao hiiu qud hogt dgng cua doanh nghiep.
Tfl k h o a : doanh nghiip nho vd vita, ddi mdi, hiiu qud hogt dgrig doanh nghiep, khde biit trong khde biit.
1. Gicfi t h i e u
Doanh ngMep nhd va vfla (DNNW) ddng vai trd r ^ t quan trgng, gdp p h i n dang ke vao phat trien kinh te va tao viec lam. Trong thdi dai toan c l u hda va hdi nhap kinh t e the gidi Men nay, D N N W tai cac nUdc Ddng Nam A nhfl ^^et Nam, Thai Lan, Inddnexia... cd it ldi the trong thi trfldng canh t r a n h toan c l u do cong nghd cung n h u each quan 1;^ lac h a u ndi rieng so vdi cac nfldc phat trien, dieu nay gay rui ro tdn tai cua doanh ngMdp trdn thi trUdi^.
Cd ra!t nMeu ngMen cflu da dUdc thflc Mdn nham d i i u tra vai trd cua sfl doi mdi len hoat dgng cua doanh ngMep. Cae ngMdn cflu thUc ngMem trudc dd cho t h a y sfl doi mdi giup cai tMen M e u sua't eua d o a n h ngMep cung nhfl ddng gdp vao sfl tang trfldng kinh te (Damanpour va cgr^ sfl, 2009; Davenport va Bibby, 1999). Carmeh va edng sfl (2006), Janssen va cgng sfl (2004) ket luan rang, trong bm canh hgi nhap va toan c l u hda, cac doanh n ^ e p ed boat dgng doi mdi ed the dat dfldc Mdu qua cao hdn. Laforet va Tann (2006) k h i n g ftinh r i n g , sfl ddi mdi giup nang cao k h a nang ton tai cua cac doanh ngMdp va giup cac doanh ngMep nang eao ldi thd" canh t r a n h trdn thi trfldng trong nfldc va toan elu.
Tai Viet Nam, cd ra't it ngMen cflu v^ vai trd boat ddng doi mdi trong doanh ngMep len
Meu qua hoat ddng eua doanh ngMdp ndi chimg va D N N W ndi rieng. Vu va Hoang (2010) da cM r a rang, h i u het cae doanh ngMep Viet Nam deu ap dung cdng nghd lae hau; mac dfl cac doanh ngMdp da tien h a n h ngMen cflu va p h a t t r i l n ciing nhU d^i mdi, tuy nMen cac ho^t dgng nay van cdn ra!t h a n chi. Tseng va cgng sfl (2012) tim thiCy mra quan he dong bien gifla nang lflc doi mdi cdng nghe va Meu sua't doanh n ^ e p . N ^ e n cflu cua P h a m va cdng sfl (2015) cung ket Man r ^ g , sfl doi mdi ve ky t h u a t giup cai tMen Meu qua ve m a t t a i chmh cua doanh ngMep nhu doanh t h u va ldi nhuan. Tuy nMen, nhflng ngMen cflu thflc ngMem nay cM ap dung hoac la phUdng phap p h a n tich nhan to vdi thudc do ehu quan (Tseng va cdng sfl, 2012), hoac la phfldng phap so sanh dilm xu hfldng (Propensity Score Matching) ma phfldng phap nay khdng xem xet sfl thay ddi theo thdi gian (Pham va cdng sfl, 2012). Muc tieu chmh cua ngMdn cflu nay la xem xet tac ddng cua cac boat ddng ddi mdi ve mat ky t h u a t (doi mdi v$ san p h a m hoac quy trinh san xuat) len Mdu qua boat dgng cua cdc D N N W d Viet Nam. D l khac phuc dfldc cae nhfldc diem tfl cac ngMdn cflu trfldc, ngMen cflu nay sii dung phfldng phap^khac biet trong
Pham Thi Quynh Nhu, ThS., Pham Tifih Thanh, ThS., Le Thanh Ttuig, TS.; Tnidng dai hgc T6n Diic Thing.
NghiSn aiv Kinh tes62 (465) • Thing 2/2017
47
Tac fffing cda hoat flong ail m d i . . .
khac biet (DID) de danh gia t i c ddng cua viec ddi mdi ldn Meu qua cua doanh ngMep - dfldc t h i Men thdng qua cac cM tidu tai chinh dinh lUdng eu t h i . Dfl lidu l l y tfl h a i eude khao sat tai D N N W d Vidt Nam vao n a m 2009 va nam 2011.
2. Cd sd Iy t h u y S t
2.1. Mgt so khdi niem vd phdn loai doi mdi
Trdng cac ngMdn cflu trfldc, ddi mdi dfldc xem la mdt yeu td quyet dinh sfl t h a n h cdng va ldi t h i canh t r a n h trgn thi trfldng (Jimenez va Sanz-Valle, 2011; Standing va Kiniti, 2011; Cho va Pueik, 2005; Mumford va Lieuanan, 2004). Mae dfl ed nhieu ngMen cflu ve vai trd cua vide ddi mdi len Meu qua ho^t dgng cua doanh ngMdp, nhflng chfla cd dinh ngMa chinh thflc nao v i "ddi mdi"
(Innovation). Vyas (2009) de xuat n a m loai ddi mdi cua doanh ngMdp, bao gom: (1) gidi tM^u cdc san pham mdi hoac cai t i i n cac san pham hidn cd; (2) ap dung quy trinh san xuSt mdi; (3) md ciia mdt thi trudng mdi, (4) p h a t t r i l n i^udn nguyen vat h e u thd mdi va (5) cac phfldng phap mdi trong td chflc san xua't.
Oslo Manual (OECD va Eurostat, 2005) dinh ngMa ddi mdi la "vide t r i l n khai hoac cai thi$n dang k l mdt san p h i m hoac dich vu ho$c quy trtnh, mdt chiin Ifldc t i i p thi mdi ho§c mdt phfldng phap td chflc mdi trong ho^t ddng Idnh doanh, to chflc ndi lam viec ho§c cae moi quan hd ben ngoai" va p h a n loai ddi mdi thanh bon loai, gdm: ddi mdi san p h i m , ddi mdi quy trtnh, ddi mdi td chflc va t i i p thi. Tren cd sd nghien eflu cua Brouwer (1991), khai mem ddi mdi dfldc sii dung trong nghien cflu nay gdm hai loai - ddi mdi san pham va ddi mdi quy trtnh san xua't.
2.2. Hieu qud hoat ddng doanh nghiep Murphy va cgng sfl (1996) da nha'n manh rang Mdu qua hoat dgng cua cdng ty la mdt dinh ngMa phflc tap trong dd cac cM so thfldng^hdn quan d i n san xua't, tai chinh hoac tiip thi (Sohn va cdng sfl, 2007), hoac tang trfldng va ldi n h u a n (Wolff va Pett,
2006). Dawes (1999), H a r r i s (2001) cho ring, Mdu qua boat ddng cua doanh ngMep ed the dfldc do Ifldng bling cac cM sd'khach quan lln chu quan. Nghien cflu cua Venkatraman (1989), Atalay va edng sfl (2013) sit dung cac tieu cM chu q u a n nhfl t h a n g do cam nhan dl do Ifldng Mdu qua h o ^ t ddng cua doanh ngMdp do gap mgt so* khd k h a n trong viec t h u t h a p eae dfl Ueu t a i chinh tfl cae cdng ty.
Trong ngMdn cflu nay, ap dung cdc cM sd khach q u a n nhfl doanh t h u va ldi nhuan dl do Ifldng Meu q u a boat dgng doanh ngMep.
2.3. Mdi quan he giUa hoat dgng ddi mdi vd hiiu qud hoat dgng doanh nghiip
Trong 1;^ t h u y i t k i n h t e hgc, tac ddng cua ddi mdi v i kS thulLt Ien Meu qua hoEit dong cua doanh ngMep thfldng dfldc phan tich bang k h u n g ly thuye't v i h a m san xuat. Ham san xul't Cobb-Douglas la mgt trong nhiing h a m thudng dfldc sut dung d l xem xet mdi quan he gifla y i u to' d i u r a p h u thudc nhu t h i nao vao cac y i u to" d i u vao nhfl lao dgng (L), v i n (K) va n a n g su^t cac n h a n td' tdng hdp tdng hdp (TFP, dfldc ky Meu la A). TFP dai dien cho cae y i u to' nhfl t r i n h do quan 1^
va khoa hge cong nghd.Ham san x u i t Cobb- Douglas cd dang n h u sau:
Y(t)=AK(t)"L(t)^-"
Geroski (1993) da t i i n h a n h xem xet tac dgng ciia hoat ddng ddi mdi len M^u qua boat ddng doanh nghidp thdng qua ldi nhuan, lai sulit thi trfldng chflng khoan va tang trfldng.
Trong ngMen cflu cua minh, GerosM da ti&
h a n h mdt cudc k h a o sat gdm 721 doanh ngMep san x u i t t a i A n h va dfla r a ket luin:
nhflng doanh nghiep cd tidn h a n h ddi mdi thfldng ed ldi n h u a n cao hdn so vdi nhihig doanh ngMep khdng lam dieu dd. Han vk cdng sfl (1998) da n h a n t h ^ y rang, ddi mdi vl m^t quan 1^ va edng nghe cd tac dgng tich cflc ldn Meu q u a boat ddng doanh ngMgp.
Trong ngMen cflu cho trfldng hdp 264 D N N W d P h i n Lan. Varis vk Littumen (2010) cM r a r^ng, nguyen n h a n cd ban dl cac doanh ngMdp t i i n h a n h ddi mdi chinh la
4 8 Nghiin cOu Kmh l4s62 (465) - Thing 2/2017
Tac ddng cda hoat ddng ddi mdi.
de cai tMen Meu qua va sfl t h a n h cdng eua doanh ngMep.
3 . PhiJGfng p h a p v a duf l i e u n g h i e n c i i u
3,1. Phuc/ngphdp nghiin cdu Muc tidu cua d a n h gid tac ddng cua hoat dgng ddi mdi la xac dinh xem dieu ^ xay r a neu nhfl doanh ngMep khdng thflc Men ddi mdi. Cac phfldng p h a p d a n h gia tac dgng se giup xay dflflg dfldc ttnh h u o n g p h a n thue d l cd the so s a n h giiSa cae nhdm cd t h a m gia chUdng t r t n h (Nhdm can tMep) vdi cac nhdm khdng t h a m gia chfldng t r i n h (Nhdm ddi chflng). Tfl dd, p h i n nao ed t h i d a n h gia dfldc tac ddng cua hoat dgng ddi mdi. Hai Iqf t h u a t dUdc sit dung phd bien trong d a n h gia tae ddng chinh la PSM va DID.
PSM la mdt phfldng p h a p giflp giam bdt tMen Idch do lfla chgn. Tuy nMen, PSM khdng danh gia dUdc tac ddng cua ddi mdi theo thdi gian. Ben canh do, eae v i n de tMdn lech v i n cd t h e cdn tdn t a i vi PSM chiia bao ham h i t dfldc cac dac diem khdng t h e quan sat dUdc cua doanh ngMdp. Do dd, DID dUde sil dung d l b a n che vlCn de n a y va ddng thdi cai tMdn do chinh xac cua cac k i t qua udc Ifldng (Lester, 1946; Khandker, 2010). DID cd tinh d i n sfl khac bidt trong Meu qua cua doanh ngMdp trfldc va sau kM doanh ngMep tien h a n h doi mdi. DID sii dung dfl Heu bang nen cd t h i kiem soat dUde cac bien chfla quan sat dUde va cac b i i n khdng ddi theo thdi gian.
Udc lUdng bang phfldng p h a p DID dfldc the Mdn qua phUdng t r i n h sau;
Yit = Po + Pi^ + ^JNNO,, + ^:,T*INNO,, + PZ-Xlt + Eit
Trong do, Y^ la Mdu qua boat dgng doanh ngMep (doanh thu, ldi n h u a n , chi phi) 1 cl thdi diem t; INNOnthi Men doanh nghiep ed boat ddng ddi mdi {INNOn=l) va doanh nghiep khdng ddi mdi (7AWO,t=0); T la b i i n thdi gian (7^0 l a giai doan trfldc khi tien h a n h hoat dgng ddi mdi; 7 ^ 1 la giai doan sau kM t i i n h a n h hoat ddng doi mdi); X^ Id cae b i i n dae d i l m cua doanh ngMdp; va Ejt la
Theo ly t h u y i t tM pi chinh la tac ddng cua thdi gian ldn Meu qua eua cae doanh ngMdp khdng tieh h a n h ddi mdi cdn (pi + pa) la tac ddng cua y i u tfi" thdi gian ldn Mdu qua cua cac doanh ngMep cd ddi mdi. Do dd [(Pi + Pa) - Pil cMnh la tdc ddng cua vide ddi mdi theo thdi gian Idn Meu q u a doanh ngMdp. Trong qua t r i n h udc Ifldng va p h a n tich, ngMen cflu nay ehu yeu se t a p t r u n g vao he so pa, day chmh la tae dgng cua viec ddi mdi sit dung phfldng p h a p DID. K i t q u a ngMen eflu k^
vgng Pa se n h a n gia tri dfldng cd f ngMa thdng ke, cd ngMa la vide ddi mdi thflc sfl cd tae dgng cai tMdn Meu qua hoat dgng doanh ngMdp.
D I udc Ifldng dfldc chmh xac khi sii dung DID, gia dinh k h u y n h hfldng song song phai dfldc thoa man. De cd dfldc k i t qua ehinh xae nhat, ngMen cflu n a y sit dung DID vdi dfl h e u bang, ap dung md h^r^h tac dgng cd dinh (Fixed Effects Model - FEM) va tac ddng n g l u nMen (Random Effects Model- REM) va dung k i l m dinh H a u s m a n d l danh gia va lfla chgn r a md h i n h phfl hdp. Ben canh dd theo nguydn t i c k i n h ngMdm eua Gujarati (2004), kM dfl h e u b a n g cd t (dfl lieu theo thdi gian) ldn va n (dfl h e u cheo) nhd tM sU khac bidt tfl h a i md h i n h F E M va REM la khdng dang ke. Trong trfldng hdp nay cd t h i sii dung b a t k^ md >iin>i nao.Cdn trong trfldng hdp dfl K$u bang cd t nhd va n ldn, ddng thdi dfl hdu dfldc rflt r a tfl m l u ldn khdng n g l u n h i e n tM viec sii dung md hinh FEM la phfl hdp. Ngfldc lai kM t nhd va n ldn cdn dfl lidu dUde chgn n g l u nMen tM mdn Mnh REM se p h u hdp hdn.
Cac b i i n p h u thudc dfldc sit dung gdm cd doanh t h u va ldi n h u a n thflc eua doanh ngMep. Bien ddi mdi dfldc sit dung la b i i n gia t h e Men doanh ngMdp cd t i i n h a n h it n h a t mgt trong h a i boat ddng ddi mdi (ddi mdi san p h i m hoac quy t r i n h san xuat). Cae b i i n k i l m soat dfldc sit dung trong md M n h ngMen cflu gdm: so Ifldng lao dgng, t y le quan ly trong doanh ngMep, ty le cdng n h a n san xua't, so" n a m boat dgng cua doanh
NghiSn ciiu Klnh tSs62 (465) - Thing 2/2017 4 9
^ Tac dfina ciia hoat flong fl^i m d i .
nghiep, thanh vien cua hi6p h6i, c6 giSfy ph6p kinh doanh (phu luc 1).
3.2. DO lieu nghien ciiu 3.2.1. Vung khdo sdt
Bo dti li«u DNNW 6 Viet Nam nam 2009 vk nam 2011 khao sat tren ca nudc, khoang 2600 DNNW ngoai quSc doanh trong linh vUc san xuSt tai 10 tinh thSnh.
3.2.2. Bac diem cua bd dS lieu Nghien ctiu sr( dyng dii heu bang can d6i, n§n t^t ca cac quan sat va cdc dac diem cua doanh nghiip deu dUdc khao sat S ca hai cu6c dieu tra. Doanh nghiep dUOc chia lam hai
nh6m gom: (1) nhom c6 thUc hien hoat dong doi mdi trong pham vi cua cuoc khao sat nfim 2011 (nhom c6 ti^n hanh ddi mdi hay nhom can thiSp) va (2) nhdm khdng thuc hiSn hojt dgng ddi mdi trong pham vi cua cuoc khao sat nam 2011 (nhdm khong ti6i hanh dra mdi hay nhdm ddi chting). Sau dd ti^n hanh loai bo cac quan sat cd cac gia tri qud khac Met so vdi cac quan sat khac. Tii dd, bo dfl lieu bang cdn dca sau ci^g dUdc sut dung de Udc luong gSm cd 541 doanh nghidp trong 2 k^ khao sat (1082 quan sat), trong dd gom 285 thudc nhdm cd ddi mdi va 256 thuoc nhdm khdng doi mdi.
BANGI Dac diem cua doanh n ghiep sijf dung dvt lieu bang can d o i Gia tri trung binh
Nam 2009 T^ng Nhdm doi
chihig Nhdm kiem scat Bi£n hifiu qua doanh nghi6p
RR RGP
585,0 84,7
599,4 85,3
568,8 84 Ln (bi^n hi€u qua doanh nghi&p) Ln(RR)
Ln(RGP)
6,047 4,151
6,082 4,155
6,009 4,147 Bi^n d|c diem doanh nghiep BUSU
FSIZE MBA SMAN SPWO KD Stf quan s£t
0,839 14,880 0,140 0,155 0.733 0,349 541
0,842 14,814 0.151 0,152 0,742 0,337 285
0,S36 14,953 0,129 0,158 0,723 0,363 256
Nam 2011 Tong
775,9 122,0 6,187 4,335 0,558 14,104 0,109 0,159 0,723 0,349
Nhom doi chlhig
998,2 155,9 6.384 4,503 0,611 16,126 0,102 0,146 0,719 0,326 285
Nhdm ki^m scat
528,3 84,3 5,969 4,148 0,5 11,852 0,117 0,173 0,728 0,375 256 Ghi chii: cac bi^n in nghiftng la bi€n gia (1=C6; 0=Kh6ng),
4. K^t qua va thao luan
Bang 2 trinh bay ket qua udc ludng t i phudng phap DID vdi FEM va REM, kiem dinh Hausman (FEM-EEM) cd cac P-value nho hdn 0,05 dieu nay cho tha'y, trong ca 3 trudng hop FEM deu phii hop hdn so vdi REM. Ben canh dd, nghien cUu nay sxt
dung du lieu cua t=2 va n=541 doanh nghigp, ddng thdi qua trinh riit trich cac mlu khong hoan to^n nglu nhign. Do do, theo nguyfen tdc kinh nghiem dUdc de c^P trong giao trtnh cua Gujarati (2004) thi mo hinh FEM trong trudng hdp nay la phii hpp.
50 NghiSn cilu Klnh lSsS2 (4SS) - Thing 2/21117
Tic ilgng cua hoat dong floi mdi...
B A N G 2: T a c d ^ n g c u a d o i m d i 16n d o a n h t h u
INNO'TIME INNO TIME FSIZE BUSLI
r
MEMBASMAN SPWO RD CONST Hausman test (FEM-REM)
S6 quan sdt Stf doanh nghiep
Bi^n phu thudc Ln(RR)
FEM 0,237***
(2,638) 0,00946 (0,146) 0,053 (0,854) 0,0202««»
(7,717) 0,0704 (1,061) 0,0362 (0,395) -0,770**
(-1,983) -0,281 (-1,183) -0,0363 (-0,673) 6,014**»
(26,06) REM 0,173**
(2,167) 0.07 (1,226) 0,120**
(2,114) 0,0205***
(10,16) 0,200***
(3,839) -0,0856 (-1,237) -1,685***
(-5,423) -0,868***
(-4,836) -0,0503 (-1,126) 6,460***
(34,08) 0,0006
RS FEM 322,8***
(2,868) -45,13 (-0,557)
71,08 (0,915) 34,78***
• (10,68) 93,35 (1,122) -7,461 (-0,0651)
-788,6*
(-1,649) -555,2*
(-1,919) -29,17 (-0,431) 553,8**
(1,983)
REM 272,4*»*
(2,985) 24,03 (0,37) 104,9 (1,575) 26,92***
(1235) 160,1***
(2,802) -144,5*
(-1,956) -1,098***
(-3,251) -1,072***
(-5,660) -28,51 (-0,577) 1,021***
(5,008) 0,0102 1082
541 ghi chil: 1. Gid Iri trong ngoac don li t- stat;
2. *, ** va ***: c6 f nghia thtfng kfi d miic tuong ling lln lugt \k 10%, 5% \^ I Bang 2 cho tbSy, boat ddng doi mdi cd
tac ddng mdt each dang k l Idn doanh t h u eua doanh ngMdp. Cu t h e la, cac doanh ngMdp cd t i e n h ^ n h h o a t ddng d^i mdi, cd mfle doanh t h u , t i n h theo t r u n g binh, cao hdn 23, 7% (hay cao hdn 322,8 t r i e u ddng) so vdi doanh ngMdp khdng doi mdi. Ben c^inh dd, b a n g 2 cung cho t h ^ y cae yeu to nhfl sd" Ifldng lag ddng t r o n g doanh nghidp
cd tac dgng l a m t a n g tong doanh t h u . Tuy nMen, cac y e u to' k h a c t y le q u a n I;^ hoSe edng n h a n s a n xusft t r e n tdng sd lao ddng lai lam cho doanh t h u cua doanh nghidp giam. Trong k h i do chfla cd b ^ n g chflng v l tac ddng cua cae y^u td^ nhfl giay phdp k i n h doanh, nghien eflu va p h a t trien, ed l a t h a n h vien cua hidp hdi nao h a y khdng ldn doanh t h u cua d o a n h nghidp.
Nghiin aiu Kinh tgs<l2 (465) • Thing 2/2017 5 1
" - * ^ Tac flong cua hoat dflng doi m d i .
BANG 3: Tac dong cua doi mdri 18n ldi n h u a n
INNO*TIME INNO TIME FSIZE BUSU MEMBA
SMAN SPWO RD (XINST Hausman test (FEM-REM)
Stf quan sdt Stf doanh nghigp
Bien phu thudc Ln(RGP)
FEM 0,208*
(1,929 -0,0156 (-0,200) 0,111 (1,486) 0,0188**«
(5,971) 0,0847 (1,061) 0,0759 (0,69) 0,176 (0,376) -0,106 (-0,370) -0,0704 (-1,085) 3,874***
(13,96) REM 0,132 (1,457) 0,0739 (1.14) 0,185***
(2,825) 0,0192***
(8,65) 0,218***
(3,782) -0,0744 (-0,988) -0,898***
(-2,602) -0,777***
(-3,949) -0,00397 (-0.0798) 4,363***
(20,7) 0,0015
RGP FEM 63,16***
(3,836) -11,72 (-0,988)
14,96 (1,317) 4,589***
(9,632) 26,02**
(2,138) 16,72 (0,997) -1,703 (-0,0243)
-21,84 (-0,516)
-10,72 (-1,083)
18,71 (0,458)
REM 49,84***
(3,828 1,249 (0,135) 21,26**
(2,217) 3,688***
(12.02) 29,11***
(3.604) -9,362 (-0,903)
-54,32 (-1,137) -98,46***
(-3,692) -0.185 (-0,0265) 86,50***
(2,996) 0,005 1082
541 Ghi chii: l.GiS tri trong ngoSc don la t-stat;
•: CO J nghia thtfng kfi 6 miic tuong ling l&i luot la 10%, 5% vh 1%.
Bang 3 cho thay, vai trd cua boat ddng ddi mdi vdi ldi nhuan mang mot ^ nghia thd'ng kd dang chii J: cac doanh nghiep thtlc hien hoat ddng ddi mdi cd mtic Ioi nhuto cao hdn 20,8%
so vdi cac doanh nghidp khong thuc hien hoat dong ddi mdi; ldi nhuan cua cdng ty hoat dong ddi mdi dat duoc 63,16 tridu ddng, cao hdn so vdi cac cdng ty cdn lai; tdng sdlao dong dang lam viec tai doanh nghidp gdp phdn ntog cao ldi nhuto cua doanh nghiep. Bang 3 ciing cho thay, chua cd bang chting vl mdi Mn he giQa Id nhuto cua doanh nghiep va cac yeu td khac nhu doanh nghiep cd giSy phep kinh doanh, cd la thanh vien cua mot hiep hoi nao hay khdng, so lUdng quan ly hoac cdng nhSn
san xu£lt tren tdng sd lao dong vk vide doanh nghiep cd tidn hanh R&D hay khdng.
Ket qua nghien cfiu cho thay hoat ddng ddi mdi ky thu^t (san phdm hoac quy trinh) cd tac ddng cai thien doanh thu va ldi nhulin cua doanh nghiep mot each dang ke. Cac ket qua nay tUdng ddng vdi ke't lu&n til nghien cto cua Gunday va cong sil (2011), Artz va cong sil (2010), Geroski va cdng sti (1993). Ket qua thuc nghidm tU nghien ctiu nay cting tudng ddi phti hdp vdi tinh binh thtlc te cua ckc doanh nghiep. Ly do tai sao ddi mdi ve mat ky thuat lai cai thign hieu qua boat ddng doanh nghiep dUdc the hidn qua dac diem cua cac DNNW trong diJ heu nghidn ctiu. Cac doanh
52 NghiSn alu Kinh HsS2 (leS) - Ihing zlaml
Tac flong cua hoat dong floi ni6l.
ngMep dfldc n^iien cflu la cae doanh nghidp trong linh vflc san xuat, do do thudng chiu tac dgng dang ke tfl cac boat ^ i ^ d^i mdi, cu thi la doi mdi ve mat k^ thu^t nhfl dm. mdi san pham, cdng nghe, quy trinh.
5. S e t luan va ham y chinh sach Ket qua ngMen cflu mm quan he gifla hoat dgng doi mdi ve mat ky thu^t va Meu qua hoat ddng doanh ngMep cho trudng hdp cae DNNW d Viet Nam bang phfldng phap DID vdi FEM cho thsfy, viec doi mdi cai tMdn Meu qua doanh ngMep, th^ Mdn qua viec tang doanh thu va ldi nhu^n. Tae ddng cua doi mdi trong ngMen eflu nay la kha dang ke, d mflc 20,8% dra vdi Idi nhuan va 23,7% ddi vdi doanh thu. Day cd the dUdc xem xet nhu mgt bang chflng thflc ngMdm ve vai trd cua doi mdi len Meu qua ho^t dgng cua doanh ngMep. Ket qua ngMdn cflu cd the dfldc xem la cd sd cho cac ham f v$ mat chinh saeh, va giai phap thuc d^y hdn nfla cac boat dgng doi mdi de cai tMdn Mdu qua cua cac DNNW.
Vai trd cua tCfng hoat ddng ddi mdi (ddi mdi san pham va quy tzinh) len Meu qua hoat ddng doanh ngMep cd the se khac nhau.
NgMdn cflu n^y mdi cM xem xet vide doanh ngMep cd tien hanh it nh^t mdt trong hai boat ddng doi mdi ma chfla xem xet tac dgng cua titog hoat dgng cung nhfl ca hai boat ddng ddi mdi dong thdi ldn Meu qua boat ddng doanh ngMdp, cung nhu chfla dfla vao mgt so* bid'n kilm soat khac - nhfl yeu td' nganh, loai >I^TI>I sd hflu, cd tiep cdn dfldc voh vay hay khdng, thi phan cua doanh ngMdp trdn thi trfldng./.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
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Phu luc 1: Md ta c^c bl^u trong rad hinh
T£n bii'n | Giai thich bien | M o t a bid'n Bilfn hoat ddng d6i mdi
INO Doanh nghi€p co tie'n hknh ft nhfft mdt trong 2 hoat ddng dSi m6i (ddi m6i s ^ p h ^ hoac ddi mdi quy tdnh s&n xui^t).
Bi£n hifiu qua hoat d6ng doarfli nghidp RR
RGP
Doanh thu thuc cua doanh nghiftp nam 2009 vJl 2011 dugc tinh flieo gia tri ciia nSm g6c 1994. Don vi tinh 1^ tridu ddng.
hm nhudn thuc ciia doanh nghiftp n i m 2009 v& 2011 dugc tinh theo gia tri cua nSm gtfc 1994
Log (biSh hieu qua hoat d6ng doanh nghiep) LN(RR)
LN(RGP)
Logarit ci^a bi£n doanh thu tiiuc (RR) Logarit c i a bift'n Ioi nhuAn thuc (RGP)
Bifth gia (=1: cd fliuc hiftn d6i mdi)
Bi^n liftn tuc (trieu ddng) Bie'n lien Cue (triftu ddng)
Bi^n liftn mc Bi^n hftn tuc Cdc bie'n d5c d i ^ doanh nghiep
BUSU FSIZE MBA SMAN SPWO RD
GiSy phep kinh doanh
S6 lao ddng dang \km viec tai doanh nghiep.
Thanh viftn ciia hiep hdi Ty 1ft quan ly tren t6ng lao ddng Ty le cdng nhan san xuS^t trftn t6ng lao ddng Nghiftn Clhi va phat tri^n (R&D)
BiS^n gia (=1: c6 giSy phfip kinh doanh)
Bi^n liftn tuc (S51ao ddng) Bi^n gia (=1: cd Ih thiUih vidn c i a it nh£(t mdt hiftp hdi)
Bie'n lien tuc Bi^n liftn tuc
BlS^n gia (=1: c6 fliUc hiftn R&D)
54 Nghiin cilu Kinh lfs&2 (465) - Thing 20017
