( sdu (76)-2009 ) TAI CHlNH Vl M 6
, i U '
Ui., )
Chuyen nghiep hoa moi gitfi gop phan thuc day thi trtf&ng bat dong san
i Viet Nam phat trien.
I . , . , . * ,^ , I l l s . N g u y e n Md P h i H a , Gidng vii'n Khoa TCDN
"Con thuyen Vi^t nam dd ra khiri trong bicn ldn " ciia hgi nhgp kinh tequdc le'; kinh leVi^l nam dang trong thdi ky chuyen ddi sang nin kinh tc thi IrUdng cd sii dinh hiidng XHCN. Thi trUdng bat dgng sdn d nudc ta cd nhicu tiem ndng phdt trien. Id mgl logi hinh llii IrUdng quan trgng. Neu mdi gidi bdt d(}ng sdn dUgc chuyen nghif'p hod se gdp phdn khdng nhd thuc ddy thi trUdng bat dgng sdn cimg nhudiia nin kinh le nudc nhd phdt trien dn dinh, hen vdng vdi liic dg nhanh trong nhdng ndm ddu the ky XM.
Bat ddng san la mdt loai hang hod ddc biet- ihi IrUdng bat ddng san Id mdt loai hhih cd ban trong ndn kinh le lb; trudng ndi chung, va n(;n kinh te thi trUdng cd dinh hu'dng XHCN nhU d mrdc ta ndi rieng. De md rdng thj trUdng, phdt huy vai trd lo ldn ciia nd trong pham vi da't nUdc va ha'p dan dd'i vdi cdc nen kinh le, cdc qud'c gia khac de'n vdi Viet nam thi ddi hdi phai cd mdt ye'u Id' trung gian- mdi gidi- de ndi lien chii the ciia nd giC/a mua vd bdn; gii/a cung vdi cau. Cung phai hieu rdng mdi gidi bat ddng san la mdt boat ddng tao chat men xiic lac du'a cdc giao dich ve hdng hod ba't ddng san tdi thdnh cdng, giiip thi tru'dng bat ddng san ngdy mdt phdt trien hdn.
Thdng qua boat ddng mdi gidi se cung cap thdng lin cu the cho cac chii the lham gia vao thi trudng, khac phuc sU thie'u thdng tin tren thj IrUdng; Giup cac chti the cd nhu cau giao dich ba't dpng san thoa man dieu kien ctia minh, giiip hp cd
dieu kicn linh lodn ky li/dng hdn trong viec ra quycl dinh mua ban phu hdp nhat...Va lam quan irpng ciia boat ddng mdi gidi da dUdc khdng dinh rat rd d dieu 45- Luat kinh doanh bat ddng san: "...mdi
chuyen nghiep. Hp chinh la ciiu ndi rat quan trpng giup chap mdi thdng tin, gan ket cung cau ciia ihi tru'dng, ddng gdp khdng nhd de'n sir phat trien va dn dinh ciia thi IrUdng.
Vay hien nay mdi gidi gidi bat ddng san la lim kie'm bat ddng siin d Viet nam da dd'i ldc ddp u'ng cdc dieu kien ihUc sU chuyen nghiep hay ciia khdch hang de lham gia chUa? De chuyen nghiep hod dam phdn, ky ke't he?p ddng; mdi gidi nhdm thiic da'y thj dai dien theo uy quyen de thUc trUdng bat ddng san Viel nam hien cac cdng viec lien quan phat trien thi can phai ldm gi'?
de'n boat ddng kinh doanh bat Trong nhi/ng nam gan ddng san; cung ca'p thdng tin, day, thi IrUdng ba't ddng san hd trd cho cac ben trong viec Viel Nam phat trien manh va dam phan, ky hdp ddng mua
ban, chuyen nhUdng, thue.."
NgUdi mdi gidi chuyen nghiep la ngUdi am hieu thi trUdng bii'l ddng san, cd dieu kien thu thap thdng lin ve gid
he qua lat yeu la sU ra ddi, phdt trien ciia hdng loat cac cdng ly, trung tam, vdn phdng mdi gidi ba't diing san, da thu htil nhicu lao ddng tham gia vao ITnh vUc de phat trien. Xel cd, ke ca quy hoach; ngodi ve tam vT md quan ly Nhd viec gidi thieu sdn pha'm de'n nUdc, boat ddng mdi gidi bat khdch hang, hp cdn cung cap
thdng lin day dii ve san phiim, ky vpng vd kha ndng sinh ldi ciia san pha'm...luc dd khdch hang se lin lUdng vd an tam hdn khi mua hdng hod ba't ddng sdn thdng qua mdi gidi
ddng san cd cd sd lir cdc vdn ban phdp quy dd la:
- Ludt kinh doanh bat ddng san ciia Qud'c hdi nUdc CHXHCN Viet Nam sd 63/2006/QHll ngdy 29/06/
2006 da quy dinh rd tCr dieu 44
Tap chf nghien cdu Tdi chfnh ke'todn
TAI CHiNH VI M 6 ( So 11 (76)-2009 )
den dieu 50 ve quyen va nghia Vll dd'i vdi mdi gii'fi bat ddng san.
- Nghi dmh 1.S3/
2007/ND-CPngdy l.VI()/:()()7 cua Chinh phu dd quy dinh chi li(}t vc dii'u ki(}n dao tao, bdi di/dng kicn Ihi'fc vd hd set ciip chi/ng chi mdi uieU bii I ddng sdn. ^
- Thdng Uf 13/ 2008/
TT-BXl) ciia Bd xay dUng ngay 21/5/2008 bUdng dan ihUc hi(}n mpt sd ndi dung ciia Nghi dinh l.'=i3/2007/Nl)-(l' vii hu'dng d.in thi hdnh luat kinh doanh bat deing san irong dd cd lien quan den van dc mdi gidi.
- Quydt dinh sd 29/
2007/QD-BXD ngay 31/12/
2007 ban hdnh chu'dng uinh khung diio lao bdi du'dng kidn ihiic ve mdi gidi bat dpng san;
Theo thd'ng ke, hien nay ca nUdc cd tren 155 id ehu'c hoat dpng mdi gidi cd ddng ky, hdn 1600 id ehu'c cd ehu'c ndng kinh doanh nhd da't cd ddng ky; De'n he't thdng 7/2009, cd 78 cd sd ddo lao cap chiing chi ba'l ddng san du'dc Bd xay dUng cdng nhan va cd 17.166 gia'y chu'ng nhan lien quan den ITnh vUc bii'l deing san, trong dd cd boat ddng mdi gidi. Tong sd' cdc doanh nghiiip diiu tu' nifdc ngoai vao Viel nam cd ldi 70%' cdc doanh nghiep dau tU vao ihi tru'dng bat ddng san.
Tuy vay, thdi gian qua thi IrUdng ba'l dpng siin nUdc ta van chUa ihi/c sif phai trien ca chieu rdng lan chieu sau; da bdc Id nhieu khuyet tdl, nhieu
nghjch ly. Nhufng lioiil deing trong ITnh vUc ndy cdn ra'l ldn xdn, khd kiem seta I, nhieu Ui' clu'rc, cdc nhdn tham gia trong linh vUc ndy chi/a du'etc cdng nhiin help phdp. Ddi ngu mdi gii'fi bat dpng siin d Vipl nam dai bd phan la khdng cd trinh dp chuyen mdn, khdng di/dc ddo tao mdt each bdi ban h<;
thdng. hp himh nghe chii ydu Id difa Irdn kmh nghiem ca nhan. tham chi cd mdt sd' td chdc cdn hfetm lat Ihdng lin Iri^'ii mpl sd bao sau d() iMiw^ rii gie'ti Ihiiiu d(i hudng phi phan trdm. Mpl bp phan khdng nhd mdi gidi chi thu^c pham vi
"chi Ird", ma cdng viec dd chi la mpl phan rat nhd trong chufc ndng cila ngUdi ldm mdi gidi chuyen nghiep... Chinh le dd, vi khdng phiii hoat ddng chuyen nghiep, khdng xem nd la mdt nghe ( da Id nghe nd phai cd tinh chuyen mdn, linh khoa hpc, linh nghe ihual, linh thu'c lien...) nen da lam cho ihi tru'dng ndy phdt trien mpl cdch meo md, Ipch lac, dUdc thd hipn rd net qua nhi/ng liin
"sdt" gid, ddc bii;I qua hai
"cdn sd't" ndm 1990- 1992 vd 2001-2002, ddng thdi cung la mpl Irong nhu'ng nguyen nhan lain lluil Ihu ihuc ciia Nha nUdc (6 thdng dilu ndm 2007 Ngan sdch Nhd nUdc thai ihu ll.dOOty ddng Irong dd mdt phan cd su" "ddng gdp" ciia thi IrUdng ba'l dpng san). Dieu quan Irpng hdn, ndu hoat ddng mdi gidi bii'l diing san thieu chuyen nghiep s(3 khien cho thi trudng chech hu'dng, phat sinh mdt loai cdc tranh chap
gii/a ngUdi mua vd ngu'di bdn, chu'a di/ng nhieu ye'u td'riii ro, cdn lid vipc kiem soal thi Infdng cua Chinh phii.
Vfly nj»uyOn nhSn iii dflu ma boat d()ng mdi gidi hAt dpng san ('/ Vipt nam vin chi/a chuyen nghi^'p?
Vhii nhd't, thi trUdng bat dpng san Vipt nam viln cdn nhicu khuyet lat, thdng tin ihicu minh bach, la mot trong nhu'ng nguyen nhan ldm cho hoai di'ing mdi gidi "lung eloan" ihdng Im, lam "nhicu"
thdng lin tren ihi IrUdng.
Thi? hai, do nhu cau trao ddi hdng hod tren thj tru'dng bii'l ddng san cdng ngdy cang nhieu trong khi dd ngUdi mua vd ngUdi ban khdng cd dieu kien de nam bdt, trao ddi ihdng lin, nen cdc id ehu'c, ca nhan mdi gidi dd hdnh nghe mdt each trdn lan, cd nhi/ng ngUdi chu'a di/dc ddo tao cd biin ve mdi gidi, tham chi cd nhifng ngudi hpc de'n ldp 9- Idp 10 van ldm mdi gidi.
Thii" ba, xudt phat lir nhan ihi/c chUa day du ve lam quan irpng cua hoat ddng mdi gidi cua cdc chu ihe khi lham gia vdo thj uudng bat ddng san.
Theo quan diem ctia hp thi ngUdi mdi gidi chi ciin dan khach vd gidi ihieu hang hod la dUdc, theo dung nghia la
"cd".
Thi? tif, ngay ca khdng it nhi/ng ngu'di tham gia iri/c tie'p mdi gidi cung chira cd each hieu day dii ve ehu'c ndng, vai trd cua ngu'di mdi gidi ddc biet trong giai doan hpi nhap kinh le hien nay. Vdi hp, chi lam
10> Tap chf nghien cdti Tdi.chfnh ke'todn
( sd 11 (76)-2009 ) TAI CHiNH VI M 6
nhu the ndo da'y de nhanh chdng hoan td't mot thUdng vu mua bdn, de sau dd dUdc hudng phi lir l%)-2%'gia trj giao djch.
Thi? niim, la do hdnh lang phap ly ciia Nhd nUdc van chUa hoan thien va dii manh de xii' ly nhi/ng IrUdng hdp khdng dii dieu ki(}n nhUng van hdnh nghe, vd nhi/ng trUdng hdp mdi gidi cung c a p thdng tin sai K'ch him cho m e o mo ihj irUdng, anh hudng nghiem Irpng den sU phdt trien ciia thj trUdng ndi ricMig, cung nbu'anb hudng li(Ju cUc de^n kinh l e , trat IU an ninh xd hpi.
Thi? sau, hien nay cdc cd sd. irung tam dao tao, bdi dudng kien thu'c ve cdc linh vUc lien quan de'n bat ddng san ndi chung vd mdi gidi bat ddng san ndi rieng van mang tinh chal d at, thdi vu, chu'a chii trpng nhieu den chat lUdng ' • rl •
Mpt so'giai phap.
Thi? nha't, phai nang cao du'dc sir hieu biei ciia cdc cap trong he thd'ng quan ly Nhd nu'dc tif Trung Udng de'n dja phu'dng, cdc ngdnh, cdc doanh nghipp va lodn xa hpi thay rd tam quan trpng cua linh chuyen nghiep hoa mdi gidi trong ITnh bat ddng san.
Hai la, Nhd nu'dc can phai nhanh chdng hodn thien he thd'ng chinh sdch lien quan de'n thi trudng ba't ddng san ndi chung va boat ddng mdi gidi ndi rieng. Cu the, cdc chinh
sach va cdc quy djnh ve thj trUdng bat ddng san cung nhU boat dpng mdi gidi phai dn djnh, dam bdo linh nguyen tdc ddng bp, khdng chdng ch(3o.
Till? ha, eac cet quan dai dicn Nha nude ciin phai cdng khai hod, minh bach thdng tin Uen ihi IrUdng va quan ly chal che hdn ddi vdi \\(;c ihanh lap cdc sdn giao djch bat dpng san dc lir dd trdnh hipn lUpng"
n h i e u " thdng lin tren Ihi uudng do bp phdn mdi gidi.
Thi? tl?, BO xdy dUng ciin phai that chdt hdn nu'a dd'i vdi khau ddo lao, bdi dUdng kien thiic, c a p chu'ng chi mdi gidi nhdm dam bao sd li/dng cung nhu chat lUdng, tranh hien lUdng dao lao mdt each d at, -trdt] lan, lir dd mdi ddp iing 'du'cfc yeu cau trong bd'i canh hien nay, gdp phan thuc da'y thj IrUdng bat dpng san phdt trien hdn.
Thu* nam, dd'i vdi cac cd nhan, id chi/c mdi gidi ba'l ddng san ciin ndm rd vd luan thii phdp luat Viet nam, cung nhu cdc thdng le qud'c te', cd
kien thi/c chuyi;n mdn, ed dao di/c nghe nghiep, thudng xuyen cd y Ihi/c bpc hdi, nang cao ky ndng mdi gidi, hoat ddng thUc sif la "nha " mdi giejfi chuyen nghi(}p.
Thi u u d n g bat ddng san d Vi(;l nam da, dang va tiep luc phdi Irien. De thj trUdng nay gdp phan ciing vdi cac loai hinh thj IrUdng khac tao nen cdt each, bd mat, dien m a o nen kinh te ihi tnrdng Viiit nam phdi t n e n nhanh, ben vC/ng, ddi hdi cd nhieu yeu id de lao niin, trong dd khdng the khdng ndi de'n yeu id chuyen nghipp hod mdi gidi bat ddng san. Bdi mdi gidi ba'l ddng san cd chuyen nghiep hod mdi cd tdc dung tich cUc, thuc day, cd y nghTa trUdc mdi vd lau ddi dd'i vdi liem lUc phdt trien ciia thi IrUdng bai ddng san Vipt nam. Dd Id sif phdt trien ta't yeu, khdch quan.
khdng the khdc dUdc trong dieu kien hdi nhap kinh le hien nay.
