DANH GIA BO CHI TIEU GIAM SAT PHAT TRIEN BEN VUlNG 6 VIET NAM NHUTNG NAM QUA<*>
Nguyen Dinh Chiic Nguyen Thi Dao Trinh Thi Tuylt Dung
Tom tdt: Bdi viit ddnh gid hd chi tiiu phdt trien bin vieng a Viet Nam ndm 2006 vd ndm 2012 tren mpt sd nguyin tdc xdy dung vd lua chgn cdc chi tieu gidm sdt phdt triin bin vdng. Qua dd, bdi viel rut ra nhimg uu diem cdng nhu han che trong viec xdy dung vd thuc hien bp ehi tieu phdt triin ben vung a Viet Nam nhimg ndm trude day. Tie nhieng ddnh gid neu tren, bdi viel dua ra mpt so hdm y vi mdi chinh sach nhdm gdp phdn phdt huy nhung uu diim ddng thcri khdc phue nhiing nhugc diem de hodn thien vd dp dung bp chi tieu phdt trien ben virng d Viet Nam ndm 2019 (theo Thdng tu so 03/2019/TT-BKHDT ngdy 22/01/2019) hieu qud han.
Tir klida: Chi tiiu ddnh gid; phdt trien ben vOng.
Dat van fle
Djnh hudng Chien lupc phat trien ben vung (PTBV) o Viet Nam (Agenda 21 Viet Nam nam 2004) dupe Thu tuang Chinh phii ban hanh tai Quylt djnh so 153/2004/QD-TTg ngay 27/8/2004 da xac dinh muc tieu tong quat la dat dupe su day dii ve vat chat, giau co ve tinh than va van hoa, binh dang ciia tat ca eac cong dan va dong thuan ciia xa hpi; sy hai hoa giiia con nguai va ty nhien; ket hpp chat che, hpp ly va hai hoa dupe ba mat kinh te - xa hpi - moi truong. Dinh huong Chien lupc PTBV ciing da cu the hoa co che quan ly PTBV thong qua viec phan eong, phan cap thyc hien va giam sat cac ke hoach phat trien, hinh thanh va van hanh he thong cung cap thong tin ve cac van de PTBV.
*' Bai vi6t thuoc de tai cap bo "Nghien cuu, ra soat, bo sung va hoan thien bo chi tieu danh gia viec thuc hien muc tieu phat trien ben virng theo ke hoach hanh dpng quoc gia thuc hien Chuang trinh nghi su 2030 vi su phat trien ben vung".
Tren co so dinh huong Chien lupc PTBV, cac chi tieu nham danh gia va giam sat dien bien kinh te, xa hpi va moi truong dang dien ra duoi goc dp PTBV la het siic can thiet. Xuat phat tir nhu cau thue tien, mpt bp chi tieu tuong doi day du ve PTBV da dupe xay dung trong khuon kh6 du an VIE/OI/021 (PTBV2006).
Den nam 2012, Thit tuong Chinh phu da ban hanh Quyet dinh so 432/QD-TTg ve viee Phe duyet Chien lupc PTBV Viet Nam giai doan 2011-2020. Trong do, bp chi tieu giam sat va danh gia PTBV giai doan nay (PTBV20I2) dupe de xuat, bao gom mpt so chi tieu tong hpp va cac chi tieu rieng ve kinh te, xa hpi, moi tnrong.
Tiep do, nam 2017, Thu tuong Chinh phii ban hanh Quyet dinh 622/QD-TTg ngay 10/5/2017 ve Ke hoach hanh dpng Quoc gia thyc hien Chuong trinh Nghi sy 2030 vi su PTBV voi 17 muc tieu chung va 115 mue tieu cu the. Nham hien thuc hoa Quyet dinh tren.
P H A T T R I ^ N B ^ N VCTNG V U N G Q U Y E N 10, S O 1 (3/2020) 13
- TRAO D O I
nam 2019, Bo Kg hoach va DSu hi ban hanh Thong tu so 03/2019/TT-BKHDT ngay 22/01/2019, quy dinh bo chi tieu PTBV cua Viet Nam voi 158 chi tieu, huong tdi cac muc tieu chung va cu the da neu.
Trong bai viet niiy, nhom tac gia lua chon danh gia hai bp chi tieu v6 PTBV dugc ban
hanh nam 2006 va 2012 nhSm tim hiSu ro hon ve noi dung cac chi tieu, danh gia sir phii hop theo cac nguyen tSc xay dung chung, cung nhu nhung im diem va nhugc diem de tir do rut ra nhirng bai hgc huong tai thuc hien hieu qua hon bg chi tieu PTBV 2019.
Hinh 1; VI TRI CUA CAC BO CHI TIEU DANH GIA PTBV GIAI DOAN 2000-2020 Qu6c Tliuc hien cac muc deu thien nien ky MDGs j^.^^^. ],jgjj gpQg
/
j ZflOO
V i e t Nam
AGENDA21
1
Chue Nghi
VN 2004
PTBV2006
mgUrinh su 21 ciia
(2004)
2011 20i_'!
PTBV2012
Chien luac Phat Inen ben vGngVN 2011-2020
2017 2021)
' i 1 ' PTBV j ,
2019 1 ' 1 J i
Ke hoach hanh dong quoc gia Chuong trinh Nghi su 2030
(2017) 20.lJ)
j I
(hue hien
^k PTBV
Bg PTBV2006 ra doi trong boi canh the gioi dang thuc hien Muc tieu thien nhien ky va Viet Nam vua ban hanh Chuong trinh nghi su 21, con bp PTBV2012 ra doi sau do nhhm thuc hien ChiSn luge PTBV 2011-2020, giai doan the gioi va Viet Nam chuyen tiep tu viec thuc hien 8 Mue tieu thien nhien ky (MDGs) sang 17 mue tieu PTBV (SDGs) voi each tiep can khac hon. Tu sau 2015, Viet Nam lien tiep ban hanh cae van ban va cuoi ciing la su ra doi bo ehi tieu danh gia giam sat phat trien ben vungPTBV20l9.
1. Nguyen tac xay dyng bo chi tigu giam sat, danh gia phat trien ben viJiig
Bai viet nay sir dung eae nguyen tac trong lira chpn cac ehi tieu danh gia PTBV do Hardi va Zdan (1997) de xuat:
(1) Dinh huong tarn nhin va muc tieu:
Danh gia tien bp trong PTBV phai dugc dan
dat boi tam nhin ro rang va cac muc tieu xac lap tam nhin do.
(2) Tiep can tong the: (i) Danh gia ca he thong ciing nhu timg bp phan ciia no; (li) Xem xet phiic lgi tren ca ba phan he kinh te, xa hoi va moi sinh, trang thai ciia ehiing, eiing nhu chieu huong va toe dp thay doi trang thai; eac bp phan cua ehiing va su tuong tac giiia cac bp phan do; va (iii) Xem xet ca tac dpng tich cue va tieu cue tir cac hoat dpng ciia eon nguoi, phan anh dugc ehi phi va Ipi ich ciia cac he sinh thai va con nguoi theo thuoc do tien te va phi tien te.
(3) Dam bao cac yeu to thiet yeu: (i) Xem xet su cong bang npi the he va lien the he, thong qua giai quyet cac van de lien quan toi su dung nguon lire, tieu diing qua miic va ngheo doi, nhan quyen, va tiep can dich vu co ban; (ii) Danh gia cac diSu kien sinh thai ciia su s6ng; va (iii) Danh gia su phat trien kinh tl
14 PHAT TRieNBeNVO'NG VUNG Q U Y £ N 10, S C l (3/2020)
Nguygn Pinh Chiic - Nguyin Ttii Bao - Trjnh Thj Tuyet Dung B^nh gia bo chi tien...
va cac hoat dpng phi thi truong dong gop cho phiic lgi con nguoi.
(4) Pham vi dii bao quat: (i) Su dung chudi thoi gian du dai de nSm bk cac vin cth con nguoi va sinh thai, qua do dap img nhu ciu ciia th6 he tuong lai ciing nhu thg he hien tai d6 CO quySt sach ngSn han; (ii) Xae dinh khong gian dii Ion d^ luu y khong nhung tae dgng diem, ma con tae dpng toan dien d6i voi con nguoi va he sinh thai; va (iii) Xay dung tren cac dieu kien hien tai va qua khii' dh du bao tucmg lai.
(5) Chii trgng thuc tiln: (i) Co tap hpp cac phan nhom hoac khung kh6 ro rang nham kk noi tam nhin va muc tieu voi chi tieu va tieu chi danh gia; (ii) Co so lugng han che cac chii de phan tich chinh yeu; (iii) Co s6 lupng han che cae chi tieu va chi so nham dua ra tin hieu ro rang ve su tien bg; (iv) Chuan hoa thuoc do toi mue toi da de co the so sanh giiia cae ITnh vuc; va (v) Co the so sanh gia tri ehi tieu voi muc tieu, gia tri tham chieu, pham vi, nguong hoac ehieu hucmg thay doi.
(6) Co tinh mo: (i) Phuong phap va dii lieu dam bao cho nhieu nguoi tiep can; va (ii) Dua ra cac danh gia, gia djnh, su thieu sot eua s6 lieu, va cac dien giai mgt each ro rang.
bao su thua nhan cac gia tri da dang va luon thay doi; va (ii) Dam bao su tham gia cua gioi hoach dinh ehinh sach nham eo duge cae ket noi vol ehinh sach va hanh dpng.
(8) Danh gia lien tuc: (i) Xay dung kha nang tai do luong de quyet dinh xu huong; (ii) Co buoc lap, su thich nghi va phan ung doi voi su thay doi va bat trae; (iii) Dieu chinh mue tieu, khung kho va chi tieu neu co phat hien moi; va (iv) Thiic day su hgc hoi tap the va phan hoi doi voi viee ra quyet dinh.
Cac nguyen tac neu tren nham giai quyet cac khia canh cua viec danh gia tien bp PTBV.
Nguyen tae I la diem xuat phat ciia mgi danh gia - thiet lap tam nhin va muc tieu ro rang ve PTBV. Nguyen tac 2 den 5 bao ham npi dung cua mpi danh gia va yeu cau long ghep cai nhin tong the, he thong voi su tap trung ve mat thuc tien vao nhCi'ng van de uu tien. Nguyen tac 6 den 8 giai quyet cac van de co ban trong qua trinh danh gia.
2. Gioi thieu ve hai bo chi tidu giam sat danh gia phat trien ben vung quoc gia
2.1. Bp chi tieu gidm sdt, ddnh gid phdt trien bin vung 2006 theo sir an VIE/01/021 Bp chi tieu giam sat danh gia PTBV2006 do Le Anh Son va Nguyin Cong My (2006) dua ra bao gom 44 chi tieu, phan chia thanh 4 ITnh vue cu the: Kinh te, xa hgi, moi trucmg va (7) Co su tham gia rpng rai: (i) Co dupe su
tham gia cua cac nhom xa hpi chu chot, ky thuat, nghe nghiep, dan thuong, gom ca gioi th8 che.
tre, phu nil, nguoi dan tpc ban dia, nham dam
Bang 1: NHOM CAC CHi TIEU CUA B O CHI TIEU GIAM SAT PTBV NAM 2006 TT
I
2
Kinh te GDP binh quan dau ngu'oi: tinh theo VND (gia hien lianh) hoac USD (gia hien hanh/PPP) Tang nuong GDP (%)
Xa hoi Tong dan so: tinh theo (trieu nguoi)
Ty le dan so song diroi nguong ngheo (%)
Moi truong Ty le che phil ciia rung
(%)
Ty le dien tich khu bao ton thien nhien so voi dien tich tu nhien (%)
Th^ che So cac dia phirong CO Chirong trinli nghi su 21 Cong cu PTBV:
so luong cac van phong, can bo hoat dong frong cac van phong PTBV
PHATTRlfeN BtN VCfNG VUNG Q U Y 6 N 10, SO 1 (3/2020) 15
LY LUAN - TRAO OOl
TT 3
4
5
6
7
8 9
10
11
12 13 14
15
16 17
Kinht^
Ca cau nganli kinh te quoc dan: Nong, lam, ngu nghiep - cong nghiep - Xay dung - Dich vu (%)
Ty le lao dong nong nghiep trong tong so lao dpng(%)
Ty le diiu tu so voi GDP
(%)
Ty le von ODA va FDI trong von dau tu toan xa hoi (%)
Ty le dau tu cho nghien ciiu va trien khai (R&D) so voi GDP (%) Ty le dau tu cho giao due so vai GDP (%) Can can xuat nhap khau hang hoa (%)
Ty le na so voi GDP
(%)
Tieu thu nang lugng/GDP (t4n) Ty le tai che va tai su dung rac thai (%)
Xa hoi Chi so Gini v6 chenh lech thu nhap (lan)
Ty le tien luong ciia nam so vai nu (%) Ty le tir vong cua cac ba me liic sinh na (%) Ty le tre em suy dinh duong duoi 5 tuoi (%) Ty le that nghiep thanh thi (%)
Tuoi tho (ky vong song) (nam)
Dan so duae sii' dung nuoc sach (%)
Ty le biet chir a nguai Ion (%)
Ty le pho cap THCS doi vol tre em trong do tuoi
(%)
Ty le sinh vien dai hoc va cao dang tren 1000 dan Ty le lao dong duoc dao tao (%)Ty le dan so tiep can cac phuang tien truyen thong hien dai (%)
Dien tich nha a binh quan dau nguai a thanh pho (m^)
So lugng toi pham trong nam tren 100.000 dan So tai nan giao thong trong nam tren 100.000 dan
Moi tru-fmg Ty le dat nong nghiep dugc tuoi, tieu (%)
Ty le dat bl suy thoai hang nam (%) Ty le khai khoang (khoang san chinh) (khong co dan vi cu the)
Ty le cac khu, cum cong nghiep co he thong xir ly nuoc thai/rac tliai ran (%) So doanh nghiep dat tieu chuinISO 14001 Phat thai cac khi nha kinh (tan/nam) Ty le cac viing do thj co miic 6 nhiem Idiong khi vugt qua tieu chuan cho phep (%)
So lugng he sinh thai dang bl de doa va cac loai CO nguy ca diet chiing San lugng ca danh bat hang nam (nghin tan) Ton that ve Idnh te do thien tai (quy doi ra tien)
The che HL^ dpng nguon tai chinh cho viec xoa doi ^am ngheo nhu: V&i ODA huy dong cho xoa doi giam n^eo cac nam theo huong PTBV.
Nguon: Nhom tdc giti.
16 PHAT T R | £ N B 6 N V O N G V U N G QUYfeN 10, SO 1 (3/2020)
Nguy§n Binh Chue - Nguyen Thi B^o - Trjnh Thj Tuyet Bung Banh gia bo chi tieu...
2.2 Bp chi tieu gidm sdt, ddnh gid phdt trien ben viing 2011-2020
Bp chi tieu PTBV2012 gom 3 chi tieu tong hpp va 27 chi tieu thanh phan tren cac tru cot kmh tS, xa hgi, tai nguyen moi trudng. Cac chi
tieu thanh phan dugc phan loai cu the dua tren cac tru cot do, khong co cac chi tieu ve the che. Tuy nhien, bg chi tieu nay co lg trinh thuc hien rat cu the 5 nam (2015, 2020) voi cac chi so giam sat tu'ong img.
Bang 2: NHOM CAC CHI TIEU CUA BO CHI TIEU GIAM SAT PTBV NAM 2012
TT 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 Chi tieu tong hffp GDP xanh (VND hoac USD) Chi so phat then con nguoi (HDD Chi so phat tnSn ben viing (ESI)
Kinh ti Hieu qua sir dung von dau tu (ICOR) Nang suat lao dong xa hpi (USD/lao dpng)
Ty trong dong gop ciia nang suat nhan to tong hgp vao toe dp tang tm'ong chung (%) Mirc giam tieu hao nang lugng de san xuat ra mot dan vi GDP (%) Ty le nang lupng tai tao trong CO cau sir dung nang lugng (%) Chi so gia tieu diing CPI
Can can vang lai (ty USD)
Boi chi Ngan sach nha nuoc (%/GDP)
Na cua Chinh phu {%/GDP) Ng nuoc ngoai (%/GDP)
Xa hoi Ty le ngheo (%)
Ty le that nghiep (Vn)
Ty le lao dpng dang lam viec trong nen kinh te da qua dao tao (%) He so bat binh dang trong phan phoi thu nhap (lan) Ty so gioi tinh khi sinh (so be trai^IOO be gai)
S6 sinh vien tren 10.000 dan
So thue bao Intemet tren 1000 dan
Ty le nguai dan dugc huong bao hiem xa hpi, bao hiem y te, bao hiem that nghiep (%) So nguai chet do tai nan giao thong tren 100,000 dan
Ty le xa dupe cong nhan dat tieu chi nong thon mai (%)
Moi tru'ong Ty le che phu rimg (%i)
Ty le dat dugc bao ve, duy tri da dang sinh hpc (%))
Dien dch dat bi thoai hoa (trieu ha)
Mirc giam iupng nuac ngam, nuac mat (m^/nguoi/nam) Ty le ngay c6 nong dp cac chat dpc hai trong khong khi virot qua tieu chuan cho phep
(%)
Ty le cac do thi, khu cong nghiep, khu che xuat, cum cong nghiep xir ly chat thai ran, nuac thai dat tieu chuan hoac quy chuan ky thuat quoc gia tuang li'n^ (%) Ty le chat thai ran thu gom, da xii ly dat tieu chuan, quy cliuan ky thuat quoc gia tuong \xn% (Va)Ngudn: Nhom tdc gid.
PHATTRIEN B £ N V I J N G VUNG QUYEN 10, SO 1 (3/2020) 17
L t LUAN-TRAO B O I
Hinh 2: CAU TRUC BO PTBV2006 VA BO PTBV2012
Huy dgng nguon tai chinli cho PTBV
ThiSu hiat chua duyc di cap dSn trong bo chi tieu Da dugc dg cap din trong bg chi tieu Nguon: Nhom tdc gid.
18
PHAT TRieN BtN VD'NG VONG QUYfiN 10, SO 1 (3/2020)
Nguyen Binh Chiic - Nguyin Thj Bao - Trjnh Thi Tuyet Dung Banh gia bo chi tieu...
3. Danh gia cac bo chi tigu PTBV theo cac nguyen t3c xay dung bo chi tieu
3.1. Nguyen tdc dinh hudng tam nhin vd muc tieu
Xet ve tong the, viec xay dung cac chi tieu trong bg PTBV2006 da dap ung duoc nguyen tac ve dinh huoTig tam nhin va muc tieu. Bp chi tieu nay co tam nhin va muc tieu ro rang huong den 4 muc tieu chinh trong Agenda 21:
(i) Hieu biet ve su ben vu'ng; (ii) Ho trg cac quyet dinh; (iii) Chi dao; va (iv) Giai quyet cac mau thuan va xay dung su dong thuan. Bp chi tieu ciing dugc xay dung tren 4 npi dung chinh ciia PTBV la kinh te, xa hpi, moi truong va the chh. Tuong tu bg PTBV2006, Bg PTBV2012 cijng CO tam nhin va muc tieu ro rang. Tuy nhien, khac voi bp PTBV2006 dupe xay dung huong den cac muc tieu trong Agenda 21 thi Bp PTBV20I2 lai dugc xay dung tren Chien lupc PTBV giai doan 2011-2020.
3.2. Nguyen tdc tiep can tong the Cach tiep can khi xay dimg bp PTBV2006 da bam sat khai niem PTBV cua WCED (1987) voi 3 ITnh vuc ca ban kinh te, xa hpi, moi truong. Ngoai ra, bg chi tieu nay con bao gom ITnh vuc the che nham co su dong thuan ciia yeu to chinh tri, phan anh them cac moi quan he giiia va trong cac tru cot. Cach tiep can nay dupe danh gia la co tinh bao quat hon khi ban vg PTBV.
Trong khi do, ngoai cac chi tieu rieng le a 3 tru cot cua PTBV, bg PTBV2012 con c6 gang danh gia he thong thong qua cac chi tieu tong hpp de CO cai nhin tong the nhat ve PTBV 6 Viet Nam.
3.3. Nguyen tdc ddm bdo cdc yeu to thiet yeu vdpham vi bao qudt
Mgt bp cbi tieu danh gia su PTBV ch\ co pham vi bao quat va chua day du cac yeu to
thiet yeu ciia moi chieu canh PTBV. Bp PTBV2012 do luong PTBV thong qua 3 chiiu canh kinh te, xa hgi, moi tnrang nhung thieu hut khia canh thd cha so voi bg PTBV2006.
Trong khi do, the che la mpt khia canh quan trpng dam bao cho viec thuc hien cac muc tieu chien lupc ve PTBV. Do do, xet ve tieu chi nay, bp PTBV2012 chua bao quat het dugc van de can quan sat o muc dp tong the nhu bp PTBV2006.
Nhom cdc chi tieu ve kinh te
Cac chi tieu kinh te cua bp PTBV2006 chu yeu tap trung vao npi dung tang truong va chat lugng tang truong, chiem 83,3%, con lai la 2 chi tieu ve phat trien nganh va lao dpng - viec lam. Ngoai ra, phan bo cac chi tieu o cac npi dung kha roi rac dan den khong dam bao dugc tinh day dii va bao quat chung cua ITnh vuc kinli te. Trong khi do, bp chi tieu nam 2012 danh gia kinh te tren 2 goc dp tang truong va chat lugng tang truong. Cac goc dp khac nhu thu nhap, phat trien nganh khong dupe do ludng nhu bg PTBV2006, do do tinh bao quat chua cao.
Bg PTBV2006 c6 chi tieu "Ca cdu ngdnh kinh te quoc ddn: Nong, ldm, ngu nghiep - cong nghiep - xdy dung - dich vu " phan anh ve mat so lugng, co cau giira cac nganh, chua phan anh dugc chat lupng phat trien nganh, ciing nhu su chuyen dich npi bp tii'ng nganh.
Do vay, neu chi sii dung chi tieu nay de danh gia tinh ben virng ciia cac nganh kinh te la chua dii ma can phai c6 them cac chi tieu kem theo nhu co cau lao dgng trong cac nganh, gia tri tang them binh quan dau nguoi trong moi nganh,... Khac voi bg PTBV2006, khi xem xet den chat lupng tang truong giiia cac nganh ngoai cac chi tieu cu the nhu "Cdn cdn vdng lai", "Boi chi ngdn sach Nhd nuac ". "Na ciia chinh phu", "Na nude ngodi", ho PTBV20I2
PHAT T R | £ N BEN V C N G VUNG QUYEN 10, SO 1 (3/2020) 19
L t LUAN - TRAO OOl
con CO them chi tieu tong hgp la "GDP xanh", nen tinh chat che khi ban ve chat luong tang tiruong se cao hon.
Ve goc do lao dong va viec lam, bg PTBV2006 CO chi tieu "Ty le lao dong nong nghiep trong tong so lao dong'\ Dira vao chi tieu nay co the nhin thay dugc phan bo lao dong giua cac nganh. Tuy nhien, chi tieu nay ciing chi phan anh dugc ve mat co cau, so lugng ma chua the hien dirge chat lugng lao dgng. Khac phue han che nay ciia bg PTBV2006, bg PTBV2012 sti dung them chi tieu "Ty le lao dong ldm viec trong nen kinh te dd qua ddo tao " phan anh dugc mgt phan chat lugng lao dgng xa hgi. Tuy nhien, chi tieu nay lai dugc xIp vao Imh virc PTBV ve xa hgi.
Nhom cdc chi tieu ve xd hoi
Hai bg PTBV2006 va PTBV2012 d k co cac chi tieu do luong ve dan so, ngheo doi, giao due, va dieu kien song. Rieng bg PTBV2006 khong co chi tieu vS an sinh xa hgi va bg PTBV2012 khgng c6 chi tieu vS y <& va moi truong xa hgi cua nguoi dan, trong khi day la nhiJ'ng ngi dung quan trgng, phan anh dich vu eg ban ciia cham soc siic khoe, chat lugng va su 6n djnh xa hgi. Mat khac, hau het cac chi tieu nay moi 6 mile cham vao van de, chua thuc su di sau vao tiing khia canh ctia no.
Do vay xet yi. tinh djy d i va dam bao cac yeu t6 thiSt yeu, cac chi tieu xa hgi dua ra trong 2 bg chi tieu nay con nhiSu khiSm khuyet.
V8 goc do ngheo doi, bg PTBV2006, PTBV2012 dSu do luong "Ty le ngheo" 6 chiju canh thu nhap. Cac chieu canh khac cila ngheo doi, vi du nhiing thiSu hut dich vu eg ban nhu y tS, giao due hay noi each khac chi tieu vS ngheo da chiSu, chua dugc nhac den.
Chi tieu nay ciing chi do luong o cap hg va chua CO su tap trung vao cac nhom de ton thuong nliu tre em, phu nu.
Ve goc do binh dSng gioi, bg PTBV2006 dting "Ty le tien luang cua nam so vai nu"
Hen quan din binh dang trong thu nhap; trong khi bg PTBV2012 dimg chi tieu "Ty so gioi tinh khi sinh " dS quan sat. Ca 2 chi tieu nay ehi mang tinh khai quat va khong bao gom cac khia canh khac eiia binh dang gioi nhu cac van dS v6 bao lire, xam hai tinh due d6i voi tre em gai va phu nir; do do khong noi len dugc het hire tranh binh dang gioi.
V6 giao due, bg PTBV2012 dung chi tieu vS "S6 sinh vien/IOOO ddn" Sk do luong. Chi tieu nay chi tap trung vao nhom sinh vien trong cac trucmg cao dang, dai hgc, khong do luong dugc mitc do tiep can giao due o cac c4p CO ban. Trong khi do, bg PTBV2006 diing cae chi tieu ve "Ty le biet chu & ngu&i lan " va
"Ty le phd cap THCS" nen tinh bao quat cao hgn.
V^ goc do an sinh xa hgi va dieu kien song, bg PTBV2012 CO chi tieu vS "Ty le nguoi dan dugc huting bao hiem xa hgi, bao hiem y te, bao hiSm that nghiep", "Ty le xa dugc cong nhan dat tieu chi nong thon moi", va "So thue bao intemet tren 100 dan". Cac chi tieu nay co th8 do lugng v£ an sinh xa hgi co ban nhat, tuy khong phan anh dugc toan bg biic tranh ctia v i n de. Bg PTBV2012 thiSu cac chi tieu lien quan den di§u kien nuoc, dien, dat dai trong khi bg PTBV2006 thiSu hoan toan yh an sinh xa hgi.
Chi tieu vS "He so bdt binh ddng trong thu nhdp (Gini) " g ca hai bg dimg d6 phan anh mirc dg chenh lech ve giau ngheo. Tuy nhien no chi moi phan anh dugc mat tong quat nhat cita su phan ph6i thu nhap, va trong nhieu trucmg hgp, chua danh gia dugc cac van de cu thS.
Chi tieu vS "Ty le xd duoc cong nhdn dat chi tieu nong thon mai" (%) cita bg PTBV2012 la chi tieu ca biet ctia Viet Nam
20 PHAT TRISN BSN VD'NG VLING Q U Y 6 N 10, SO 1 (3/2020)
Nguygn Binh Chiic - Nguyin Thi Bao - Trjnh Thj Tuyet Dung Ddnh gia b6 chi tieu...
khi thirc hien Chuong trinh quoc gia ve Nong thon moi. Cac xa dat nong thon moi khi dap ung 19 chi tieu nong thon moi, phan anh ve dieu kien co so ha thng ca ban. Do do, day la chi tieu tdt dh do luong digu kien s6ng a vimg nong thon, cho du khong phai la tieu chi phan anh miic dp ben vQ'ng ve mat xa hpi xet ve lau dai.
Chi tieu "So thue bao internet tren 1000 ddn" cita bp PTBV2012 it bao quat hon chi tieu "Ty le ddn so tiep can cdc phuang tien truyen thong hien dgi" ciia bg PTBV2006.
Tuy nhien viec do luong- trong bp PTBV2006 chua dugc lam ro.
vh goc do y th, bg PTBV2006 co 3 chi tieu do luimg la "Ty le tie vong ciia cdc bd me liic sinh", va "Ty li tre em dual 5 tuoi suy dinh dudng", "Tuoi thg (ky vong song)". Ba chi tieu nay chi phan anh duoc chat lupng y te co ban, chua bao quat het dugc chat lupng cua nganh y va kha nang dap ung nhu cau dieu tri cua nguoi dan.
Te nan xa hpi trong bp PTBV2006 dupe do luong qua chi tieu ve tai nan giao thong va tpi pham; trong khi bp PTBV2012 chi co chi tieu ve tai nan giao thong. Cac chi tieu nay khong bao quat dupe nhu'ng van de quan trpng khac nhu HIV, rugu bia, ma tiiy, bao luc noi chung, via khi va chat gay chay no.
Nliom cdc chi tiiu ve moi Inrang
Ve moi trucmg dat, bp PTBV2006 dimg hai chi tieu la "Ty le ddt nong nghiep duae tuoi tieu" va "Ty le ddi bi suy thodi hdng ndm", chii trpng vao con so tuong doi ciia dat nong nghiep, khong gom cac loai dat con lai hay khu vuc dat bi 6 nhiem ton luu can dupe xir ly, cai tao. Bp PTBV2012 giam sat van de nay trong mpt chi tieu la ''Tong dien tich ddt bi thodi hod", wh mat khai niem giiia dat thoai hoa va dkt suy thoai co su chong lan nhau, ve
ban chat khong khac nhau nhieu. Viec dimg chi so tuyet doi cua bp PTBV2012 co han che la kho so sanh voi pham vi vimg lanli tho khac, do vay su dung don vi ty le thuan tien hon neu muon doi chieu voi toan cau hoac cac quoc gia khac.
Ve moi tru'ong nuoc, bg PTBV2006 chi diing 1 chi tieu la "Ty le cdc khu, cum eong nghiep co he thong xic ly nu&c thdi/rde thdi ran ". Chi so nay khong phan anh dugc chat lupng nuoc mat cGng nhu nuoc ngam ma chi phan anh dugc mpt phan nguon gay 6 nhiem nuoc tap trung. Khac phue dupe han che tren, bg PTBV2012 da sir dung chi tieu "Muc gidm luang nu&c ngdm, nu&c mat" de do luong su dam bao ve so lugng nguon nuoc, tap trung vao suy giam nguon tai nguyen nuoc ve so Iupng. Ngoai ra, bp PTBV2012 chi quan tam den nuoc luc dia va khong quan tam den nuoc dai duong, voi chi tieu "Ty le cdc do thi, khu eong nghiep, khu ehe xudt, cum cong nghiep xie ly chdt thdi rdn, nuae thdi dgt tieu chudn, quy chudn ky thugt quoc gia tuang ieng". Chi tieu nay ggp tat ca cac hinh thuc to chiic lanh tho cong nghiep theo cum, khu cimg voi do thi, va gpp ca chat thai ran va nuoc thai. Tuy nhien, nguon thai khac quan trpng ia cac nha may don le khong trong khu, cum cong nghiep khong dugc tinh den. Do do, a ca hai bg, cac chi tieu ve moi truong nuoc khong dam bao tinh bao quat de giam sat nguon gay 6 nhiem cho moi trirong nuoc mac du chi tieu kha tong hgp.
Vg moi truong khong khi, bp PTBV2006 co hai chi tieu lien guan Id "Phdt thai khi nhd kinh" vd "Ty le edc viing do thi co mire 6 nhiem khong khi vugt qud lieu chuan eho phep". Nhin chung, 2 chi tieu 6 tren la phii hgp va la nhimg chi tieu quan trpng, c6 tinh thigt yen trong viec sir dung de danh gia chat lugng khong khi o do thi. Tuy nhign, chat lugng nuoc o nong thon khong dugc do luong
PHATTRi£N B^N VU'NG VUNG QUYtN 10, S6 1 (3/2020) 2 1
LV LUAN-TRAP B O I
trong khi day cung la mgt vkn di quan trgng doi voi nong thon Viet Nam. Bg PTBV2012 do luong van de nay qua "Ty le ngay co n6ng dgc chat dgc hai khong khi virgt qua tieu chuan cho phep", phan nao phan anh dugc khai niem cjn do. Tuy nhien, chua bao quat het dugc vin dS khac lien quan dgn chat Iirgng mgi tnrcmg khong klii nhu biii, khoi, tiing 6n.
Ve moi trudng chung, bg PTBV2006 co ba chi tieu "So doanh nghiep dat tieu chudn ISO 14001", "Ton thdt ve kinh te do thien tai" va
"Ty le khai khodng" So lugng cac chi tieu trong ngi dung nay con kha khiem ton, chua noi het dugc nhirng van de chung ve moi trucmg dang ton tai. Vi du nhu so lugng chat thai ran cong nghiep, ty ie cac chat thai nguy hai dugc thu gom xu ly, ty Ie chat thai ran sinh hoat dugc thu gom, xii iy dat tieu chuan,...hay so lugng cac co so gay 6 nhiem moi truong; ty Ie tai che, tai sti diing. Rat nhieu cac van de lien quan chua dugc nhac den trong bg chi tieu PTBV2006.
VS da dang sinh hgc, bg PTBV2006 eg 4 chi tieu lien quan la "7)) le che phii ctia rung",
"Ty le dien tich khu bdo ton thien nhien so vai dien tich tic nhien ", "He sinh thdi dang bi de doa vd cdc lodi co nguy ca diet chung" vk
"Sdn luang cd ddnh bdt hdng ndm". Bg PTBV2012 sir dung 2 chi tieu vi rimg la "Ty le che phti rung" va "Ty le ddt dupe bdo ve, duy tri da dang sinh hoc". Nhin chung, cac chi tieu nay quan sat mgt each khai quat nhat hien tugng da dang sinh hgc ma khong kiem dem chi tiet cu the trong nguon gen, va ciing it quan tam cac hien tugng tieu cue dang ton lai gay hai cho viec dam bao da dang sinh hgc va vi^c san ban bat hgp phap cac nguon gen quy.
Nhom cbi lieu ve the che
Bg PTBV20I2 hoan toan khong co chi tieu ve the che, kem bao quat han nhieu so vii'i bg
PTBV2006. Tuy nhien, cac chi tieu the chl dugc xem xet trong bg chi tieu PTBV 2006 cting con rit chung, phan anh mgt goc rdt nho cua vjn di. Vi cac chi tieu dua ra hau nhu khong lien quan va phan anh dugc khai ni§m chung nhit ciia the che la cac rang huge chinh thitc (quy tic, luat phap,...), phi chinh thuc (chuin muc hanh vi, tuc le, quy tac img xti,.,.) va cac dac trung thirc thi cita chiing (North 1994). Nhu vay, chi tieu v6 thS ch6 hoan toan khong dap img vi do bao quat va dam bao cac yeu to thiet yeu.
3.4. Nguyen tic tinh md vd chu trgng thtrc tien
Nhin chung ty le s6 lieu co sin cho bo PTBV2006 xip xi 40%. Cac s6 lieu nay thuong dugc liy hi cac cugc t6ng diSu tra qu8c gia nhu TSng diSu tra Dan s6 va Nha o; Dij„
tra mitc s6ng hg gia dinh; Nien giam thiiigke;
Dieu tra Lao dgng ~ viec lam; Dilu tra doanh' nghiep... hoac qua cac cugc diSu tra ciia cac bg, nganh. Tuy nhien, hau hit cac s6 lieu mm chi CO o chi tieu chung va mgt s6 phan 16 cM yeu nhu gitji tinh, thanh thi/nong thon, rang;
tinh/thanh ph6; nganh kinh ii. Nhiing s3 lieu lien quan co thS khai thac qua cac dir lieu haiib chinh ctia qu6c gia, con cac s6 lieu co thi co la cac so lieu co the linh toan mgt each gian tiep dua tren cac s6 lieu da c6 sin.
Mgt so chi tieu thanh phin trong bo PTBV2012 don gian va dl hilu nen dai da s6 nguai dimg co the nim hit va sii dung nhat la cac chi tieu ve xa hgi nhu ty le ngheo, thSt nghiep,... Trong khi do cac chi tieu ting hop ve GDP xanh, Chi so phat hiln con ngiroi, CM so ben vtrng moi tni'cmg, va mot so cac chi heu ve kinh tl khac lai philc tap, kho do luong. Do do nhin chung bg chi tieu PTBV20I2 chra dam bao dirge tinh mo ciia khung chi tieu dWi gia PTBV.
22 P H A T T R : :
Nguyin Binh Chiic - Nguyin Thj Bao - Trjnh Thj Tuyet Dung Danh gia bo chi tieu...
Hinh 3: MlTC DO SAN CO VE SO LIEU CUA B O CHI TIEU PTBV (%)
C h u a CO
Co so Heu lien quan
D41 Co san
• PTBV2012 nPTBV2006
Nguon: Tong hap cua nhom tdc gid.
Mgt so chi tieu thanh phan trong bp PTBV2012 don gian va de hieu nen dai da s6 nguoi diing co thg nim bSt va su dung nh4t la cac chi tigu ve xa hpi nhu ty le ngheo, th^t nghiep,... Trong khi do cac chi tieu tdng hgp ve GDP xanh, Chi so phat trign con nguai, Chi so ben virng moi truong, va mgt so cac chi tieu vg kinh te khac lai phiic tap, kho do luong. Do do nhin chung bg chi tigu PTBV2012 chua dam bao dugc tinh mo ciia khung chi tigu danh gia PTBV.
Bp PTBV2012 dugc ra doi ciing voi Quyet dinh 432/2012/QD-TTg va dupe huong dan boi Thong tu 02/2013/TT-BKHDT. Trong do, CO 7 chi tigu CO 16 trinh thuc hien vao nam 2015 va cac chi tieu con lai dugc tinh toan tir nam 2011. Khac voi bp PTBV20I2, bg PTBV 2006 dupe thuc hien trong khuon kho du an VIE/01/021 cua mot nhom tac gia, khong dupe chinh thiic thong qua bang quyet dinh hay thong tu cua Chinh phii hay bp, ban nganh.
Theo do, bp co den 17 chi tieu co the lay tu cac cupc dieu tra toan quoc nhu Digu tra miic song hp gia dinh, Nien giam thong ke,... 18
chi tieu co thg dupe tinh toan gian tiep qua cac chi tigu CO san trong khi cac chi tieu con lai hoac phai thuc hien cupc dieu tra moi hoac la chua CO phuong phap tinh cu the. Tuy nhign nhom tac gia khong dua ra Ip trinh thuc hien cu the.
Song song voi do, cuoi nam 2015, Viet Nam da tham gia Chuong trinh nghi su den nam 2030, thay thg MDGs bSng SDGs. Su chuyen huong co tigp noi va mo rpng nay cua the gioi khien Viet Nam chiing lai trong viec thuc hien bp PTBV2012 ma chuyen huong sang xay dung bg moi phii hgp hem voi dieu kien moi.
Do do, tren thuc te, cac chi so trong bp PTBV2012 chua dugc cong bo day du cho den 2015. Dieu nay the hien ro nhat trong cac chi tigu tong hgp cua bp PTBV2012, do tinh phiic tap cua chi so. Cho den nam 2017, cac nha thong kg van dg xuat dg hoan thien each thu thap so lieu va each tinh chi so GDP xanh (Dinh Thj Thiiy Phuong, 2017).
Xet ve tinh ma, ca hai bp chi tigu deu dap img, cac chi tigu ciia hai bp so lieu deu co thg
^HAT TRi£N BtN VU'NG VUNG QUYEN 10, SO 1 (3/2020) 23
L t LUAN-TRAO 0 6 l
tinh dugc trong tuong lai ngu co digu kien vg mat kinh phi, nguon luc dg thuc hien tinh toan thong qua cac cugc digu tra moi.
Vg tinh chii trpng thuc tiln, ca hai bp chi tieu moi chi dap li'ng dupe phan nao khi cac chi tigu dua ra da bam sat voi dinh huang tkm nhin va muc tigu, cac so Iirgng chi tieu ciing khong qua nhieu va dugc phan bo trgn cac tru cot chinh cua PTBV. Tuy nhien dg c6 thg so sanh dupe giiia cac linh vuc voi nhau hay so sanh voi cac muc tigu, gia tri tham chigu khac thi ca hai bp dgu chua dap ung dupe.
3.5. Co sutham gia rpng rai
Xet vg nguyen tac nay, co su kliac biet dang kg giira hai bp chi tigu. Bp chi tigu PTBV2006 dugc xay dung trong khuon kho du an VIE/01/021, nen su tham gia ciia cong chiing Cling nhu cac bp, ban nganh lign quan la khong dang kg. Trong khi do bp chi tigu PTBV2012 CO su tham gia ciia cac ben lign quan, tap trung chu ygu vao nhom lam chinh sach. Truoc khi ban hanh, bp PTBV2012 co su tham gia, thao luan ciia cac nha chinh sach, cac nha nghien ciru thong qua hgi thao ngay 28/07/2011 tai Hoa Binh. Sau khi dugc ban hanh thong qua Quyet dinh cua Thii tuong Chinh phil, Bg Kg hoach va Dau tiv da ra Thong tu huong dan thuc hien, trong do co giao trach nhiem den cac bgn lien quan gom cac bp, ban, nganh, va chinh quygn cac cap nham long ghep vao bp chi tieu nganh va dia phuang. Mpt so tinh ban hanh ke hoach ciia dia phuong trong giai doan dgn nam 2015. Vi du, tru'ong hgp cua Binh Dinh da lua chpn bp chi s6 giam sat cap tinh bao gom 1 chi tieu tong hgp, va cac chi tieu kinli te, xa hpi, moi tru'ong, va cac chi tieu dac trung cita viing.
3.6. Bdnh gid lien tuc
Do bg chi tieu PBTV2006 dugc thuc hien trong khuon kho du an VIE/01/021 va ciing khong CO qua trinh tngn khai thuc hien hay
pho bign rgng ra cong chiing hay trgn cac kgnh truyen thong, do vay tinh lien tuc ciia bp chi tieu khong thg danh gia dupe. Con d6i voi bp chi tigu PTBV2012, mac du dugc ban hanh thong qua Quygt dinh ciia Thii Uiong Chinh phii ciing nhu Thong tu huong d§n, sau thai gian do bp chi tieu duong nhu cGng bi chiing lai, khong co qua trinh trien khai thuc hien giam sat, vay nen cung khong dap iing dupe tinh lien tuc.
4. K€t luan va ham y chi'nh sach Ca hai bg chi tigu PTBV noi tren deu dugc xay dung dua trgn each tiep can ro rang, dg higu theo khung chu de gan voi cac chuong trinh cu the ciia quoc gia theo timg giai doan.
Bg PTBV2006 tigp can trgn 4 tru cot chinh kinh tg - xa hpi - moi truang - the che, con bp PTBV2012 tiep can tren 3 tru cot kinh tg - xa hpi - moi truang.
Cac chi tigu dupe xay dung dua tren each tigp can PTBV tai thai diem thyc hien, chinh vi vay phan nao do da noi len dugc nhiing van de chung va co ban, giiip cho cac nha lam chinh sach dg dang giam sat va thuc hien hon trong qua trinh ra soat cac chi tigu.
Cac bg chi tieu da co each tiep can bao quat va tong thg khi xem xet ca nhung khia canh tich cue va tieu cue ciia van de. Bg PTBV2012 da su dung cac chi tieu tong hgp CO tinh khai quat cao c6 the quan sat tong thg mpt each tot hon. Cac chi tigu nay ciing dg dang so sanh theo khong gian giiia cac viing va thoi gian giira cac nam.
Ve viec dam bao cac ygu to thigt ygu, cac chi tigu dupe dua ra o hai bp chi tieu nam 2006 va 2012 da phan anh diing, dii dupe khai niem can do luong. Nhigu chi tigu dugc lira chpn do CO lien quan den viec long ghep vai cac Chuang trinh muc tieu quoc gia nhu Chuong trinh Nong thon moi. Mpt so chi tieu quan trpng chua ro vg mat khai niem, do vay
24 PHAT TRlfiN B £ N V O N G VUNG QUYEN 10, S 6 1 (3/2020)
Nguyin Binh Chiic - Nguyen Thj Bao - Trinh Thj Tuyet Dung Banh gia bo chi tieu..,
la han chg Ion trong viec danh gia tinh bgn viing.
Tinh thuc tign cua ca hai bg chi tieu nay khong cao do chi la khung chi tieu dupe dua ra dual dang van ban nhung chua dupe ap dung va thuc thi trong thuc te. Bp PTBV2006 khong CO 16 trinh thuc hien cu thg, khong c6 su tham gia gop y kign ciia cac bp, nganh, cac bgn lien quan va su tham van ciia nguoi dan. Do vay cac chi tigu dua ra con mang tinh chu quan, han che nhigu ve mat npi dung. Con doi vai bp PTBV2012, mac du co Ip trinh thuc hien theo thcfi gian nhung van chua c6 gia tri tham chigu cuoi ciing. Qua trinh thuc hien xay dung bp chi tigu khong c6 bao cao, thong bao qu6c gia.
Cac chi tigu t6ng hpp cua bg PTBV2Q12 v^n chua dupe thuc hien boi hai li do: (i) Chua th6ng nhat dugc phuang phap tinh; (ii) Thay doi ti-ong chinh sach vg giam sat va lg trinh thuc hien.
Nhu vay, viec xay dung bg chl tieu danh gia, giam sat PTBV2006 va PTBV2012 moi dat dugc nhu-Tig ket qua han che nhu: (i) Dimg lai 6 miic "khung", nghia la xac dinh danh muc bp chi tieu. Viec tinh toan cac gia tri thuc tg, ciing nhu gia tri muc tieu (phai huong tai) ciia cac chi tieu de bigt khoang each giira gia tn tham chieu voi gia tri hien co van con bo ngo; (ii) Do thiet kg dua chii yeu vao cac so heu thong kg nen kho co the danh gia va giam sat dupe toan canh, toan dien ban chat ciia qua trinh PTBV. Do do, viec xay dung bp khung mai la hoan toan phii hgp dg do luong tot hon khai niem vg PTBV ciing nhu co tinh thuc tien cao hon trong qua trinh giam sat va danh gia.
Tir nhiing van de o trgn, nhom tac gia riit ra mgt so ggi y ve mat chinh sach nham huong td'i viec thuc hien hieu qua bp chi tigu PTBV2019 theo Th6ng tu s6 03/2019/TT- BKHDT ngay 22/01/2019 trong thoi gian toi nhu sau:
Thu nhdt, khi xay dung va lira chpn cac chi tieu, truac het can dam bao dap iing dupe nhii'ng nguyen tac toi thigu nhu tinh thigt yeu va bao quat ciia cac chi tieu. Dieu nay dam bao cac chi tigu khong xa roi thuc tign va co tinh kha thi. Ngoai ra, can chii trpng hon den cac nguygn tac ve danh gia tinh lign tuc va su tham gia rpng rai - la nhung nguyen tac gop phan quan trgng trong viec dua bp chi tieu dgn voi eong chiing, song lai dang kha m o nhat trong qua trinh trien khai xay dung a Viet Nam.
Thii hai, can co sy ph6i hgp va tham van y kign giiia cac bp, ban nganh trong viec xay dung, lira chpn cac chi tieu de co dugc su thong nhat chung nham dat hieu qua cao han trong qua trinh trien khai thuc hien. D6ng thoi giiia cac ITnh vyc kinh tg, xa hpi, m6i truong va thg chg can c6 su phan bo vg so lupng, chat lupng cac chi tieu dong dgu hon, tranh tinh trang cac chi tieu dua ra dan trai, khong diing trpng tam dan dgn viec thuc hien kh6ng hieu qua, ton kem chi phi va lang phi ngu6n lyc.
Thu ba, viec lua chpn cac chi tieu theo cac try cot PTBV la phii hgp, tuy nhien can co su thong nhat va phoi hgp chung giiia cac bg, ban nganh trong each tinh, phuong phap do luong va lam ro hon ve mat khai niem cac chi tieu duoc dua ra.
Tai heu tham khao
1. Bp Kg hoach va d k tu (2013). Thdng tu 02/2013/TT-BKHDT ngdy 27 thdng 03 ndm 2013 ve viee Huong ddn Chiin luge Phdt trien ben vdng Viet Nam giai dogn 2011-2020.
2. Bo Kh hoach va D k tu (2019). Thdng tu 03/2019/TTBKHDT ngdy 22 thdng 01 ndm 2019 ve viic Quy dinh Bd chi tieu thdng ke PTBV eua Viit Nam.
PHAT T R | £ N B £ N VCCNG V U N G Q U Y E N 10, S O 1 (3/2020) 25
L t LUAN - TRAO D 6 |
3. Dinh Thi Thuy Phuong (2017), Thuc trang thong tin tinh chi deu GDP xanh a Viet Nam. Thdng tin khoa hoe thong ke, so 1, tr.23-27.
4. Hardi, P. and Zdan, T., (1997). Assessing Sustainable Development: Principles in Practice. The Intemational Institute for Sustainable Development (USD).
5. Le Anh Son va Nguyen Cong My (2006). Xdc dinh bd chi tiiu phdt triin bin virng vdxdy dung ea sd die lieu gidm sdt ben virng a Viet Nam. Du an VIE/Dl/021.
6. North, Douglass C. (1994). Economic Performance Through Time. American Economic Review, 84, pp.
359-68.
7. Thu tuong Chinh phu (2004). Quyil dinh 153/2004/QD-TTg ngdy 17 thdng OS ndm 2004 ve viec Ban hdnh Dinh hudng Chiin luge PTBV a VielNam (Chuang irinh Nghi su 21).
8. Thil tuong Chinh phu (2012). Quyit dinh 432/QD-TTg ngdy 12 thdng 04 ndm 2011 vi viee Phi duyet chiin luge phdt trien bin vung VielNam.
9. Thil Urong Chinh phu (2017). Quyit dinh 622/QD-TTg ngdy 10/05/2017 vi viee Ban hdnh Ki hogch hdnh dpng quoc gia thuc hiin Chuang trinh Nghi su 2030 visuPTBV.
10. WECD (World Commission on Environment and Development) (1987). Our common future.
http://www.eytv4scf.net/ocf-02htm#I
Thong tin tac gia:
, XT ' i:.' ui-K' TQ Ngay nhan bai: 7/1/2020 J. Nguyen Dinh Chue, TS
„ . . , , , . . >, . . . r Dl't f •" Neay nhan ban sua: 20/2/2020 - Don VI cong tac: Vien Nghien cuu Phat trien ^ -'
bgn vimg Viing, Vien Han lam Khoa hpc xa hpi Ngay duyet dang: 6/3/2020 Viet Nam
- Dia chi email: chucnd@gmail,com 2. Nguyin Thi Dao, Th.S
- Don vi cong tac: Vien Nghien cuu Phat trien b6n vimg Vung, Vien Han lam Khoa hpc xa hoi Viet Nam
3. Trinh Thi Tuyet Dung, Th S
- Don vi cong tac: Vien Nghien ciiu Phat trien bgn viing Vimg, Vien Han lam Khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam
26 PHAT T R I E N B E N V C T N G V L J N G Q U Y £ N 10, S O 1 (3/2020)
