BIfl PHUONG
Y e n Bal: ling dung cong nghe ^ san xuat nam hang hda
Sau 2 nam trig'n khai (2011-2013), D^ an X3y d^ng mO hinh iJng dgng cdng ngh6 sdn xua't na'm hang hda tai tinh Y€n Bai da hoan thanh td't cac nOi dung va muc tieu fie ra ban diu. D3y la DU an do Trung tam IJfng dyng tien bO Ichoa hoc va cong ngh@ (KH&CN) Y@n Bai chu tri. S^ thanh cong cua Du an gop phan tao cong an vi€c lam, tdng thu nh^p cho ngudi d3n, t^n dung duuc ngudn phu \i\\im nOng nghlgp (rum ra, mun cUa) sin co trgn dja ban, ddng thori khing djnh th§m s\f dong gop hi§u qud cDa ChUdng trlnh hB tru u'ng dung va chuyen giao tig'n b6 KH&CN phuc vu phat trien kinh tS' - xa hoi nOng thdn va mien nui.
60* sir de trien khai Dv an
Yen Bai la tinh nam d vung T§y Bac, co khf h§u ddc trung nhiet ddi gio mua. Nhiet do trung binh trong nam khoang 22-23°C, IUdng mUa trung binh 1.500-2.200 mm/nam, dd am trung binh 83-87%.
Vdi khi hau nhU vay, Yen Bai r§'t phu hop cho vi§c trdng nam hang hoa: mua he thich hdp cho vi$c trong nam rdm; mua xuan va mua thu thich hdp cho viec tr6ng mpc nhT, nam so, nam linh chi; mua ddng trdng nam so chClng chiu lanh, n§'m hUdng, nam klm cham...
Y§n Bai la mot trong nhQng dja phUdng cd ngudn nguyen lieu trdng n^m ddi dao, s i n co. Vdi dien tich trdng lua hdn 28 nghin ha, hang nSm ngudn rdm r^
len tdi 40-50 Vqin tan; dien tfch trdng rCfng hdn 233 nghin ha, chu yeu trdng keo, bo de... cd chu ky khai thac 5-7 nam thi hang nam tao ra mpt lupng phu pham (mun cua) kha Idn cho trdng n§'m.
Ngoai dieu kien khi hau va ngudn nguyen lieu ddi dao. Yen Bai cung nhU nhieu dja phUdng khac cd ngudn lao dgng ndng nhan rat Idn, thj trudng tieu thu thuSn Idi... Dd la nhOng dieu kien rat tdt cho phat tri^n trdng nam hang hda tren dja ban tinh.
Tuy nhien, vi§c phat trien trdng nam tgi Yen Bai van chua dUdc quan t§m: mdt sd cd s6 san xuat giong, n^m thUdng pham cd trang thiet bj lac hau, cdng suat thap; chua trong dUdc cac gidng nam c6 gia trj kinh te cao nhu van chi, dau kh?...; ky thuat che bidn chUa dUdc ap dgng mpt each day du de nang cao gia trj san pham; kh§u tieu thu chUa 6km b^o
on djnh; chUa co mo hinh trinh diSn du sCfc thuydt phuc de qucing ba cho ba con ndng dSn... De khac phuc nhOng han che nay, vide thuc hien Dy an Xay dyng md hinh Ung dung cdng nghe s^n xuat nam hang hda tgi t?nh Y§n Bai la r§'t can thiet va thUc te trien khai Di/ an da chUng minh dieu nay.
Hhuiigketauaitatiriroi;
Du an da trien khai thuc hien va hoan thanh cac npi dung cd b&n nhU chuyen giao cong nghe (dao tgo can bp ky thuat va ky thugt vien cd s6, t$p huan cho ba con ndng dan, chuyin giao cong nghd), xay dung cac md hinh (md hinh san xuat cac logi gidng nam, mo hinh trdng nam thUdng ph^m)...
Md hlnh sSn xu^t gidng nSm tQl Trung tSm Cfng dung tiSn bd KH&CN Ydn Bai
» CON^S^iffllSSf^*-"---
eifi PHUONG
Ba con tham gia Di/ an thi/c hanh trdng nam
VS chuyen giao cdng ngh$
Trung tam Nghien cQu phat trien nam va san phlm sinh hpc thudc Cdng ty TNHH n§'m Linh Chi - ddn vi chuyen giao cdng nghe da xay dung chi tiet ke hogeh chuyen giao cdng nghe va tap huan cho ky thuat vidn cd s6 theo hudng bidn scan quy trinh rd rang, t? mi va hudng dan true tiep tren cac md hinh; to chUc cho cac ddi tUdng tham gia DU an tham quan, hpi thao, tdp hud'n, trao ddi kinh nghidm vdi c^c hp trdng nam lau n§m trong va ngoai tinh.
Dy an da chuydn giao 7 quy trinh cdng nghe cho 4 cdn bd cua Trung tam Cng dyng tien bd KH&CN Ydn Bai - ddn vj chCi tri Du an. Kd't qud la, 4 ky thuat vidn da n i m vOng cac quy trinh san xuat gid'ng nam tU khdu phdn lap den nhan gidng chuyen cap 1, cap 2, c^p 3; nudi trdng va che bidn cac loai nd'm dn, n^m dUdc lidu. Du an da dao tao dUdc 6 ky thuat vidn cd s6 n i m vOng quy trinh ky thuat nudi trdng cdc logi gidng nam an, nam duoc lieu, du nang luc triln khai tdt tai 9 mo hinh trong dan. Da tap huan cho 120 lU0t ndng dan. Cdc hoc vien sau khi tap huan deu nam dUdc quy trinh nudi trdng cac loai nam va cd the ap dung dUdc cac quy trinh nay trong thuc td' san xuat.
Xdy di/ng cdc mo hinh
DiJ dn da xay dung cac md hinh (s^n xuat cac logi gidng nam, nudi trdng cac loai nam, che bld'n nefm) tgi Trung tam L/ng dung tid'n bo KH&CN Yen Bdi va cac md hinh sdn xua't cdc logi nam trong dan.
Mo hinh san xuSt cac loai gid'ng nSm: vdi trang thidt bj may mdc, nha xudng dupc dau tu, thdng 8.2011, Trung tam L/ng dung tien bp KH&CN Ydn Bai da bat dau thuc hien md hinh s^n xud't cac logi gid'ng nam theo cdng nghd dUdc tid'p nhan. Qud trinh sSn xuat, nhdn chuyen cac logi gidng nd'm dupc tid'n hdnh tUdng Ung vdi thdi vu nudi trdng nd'm nham d&m b&o cung cap gidng nam cd chd't lupng tdt. Kd't qua sdn xua't gidng cho tha'y, t^ Id nhilm benh trong qua trinh nhan chuyen cac logi gidng deu < 10% vd gidm dSn qua cac nam thUc hidn (nam 2011 la 4,06%, nam 2012 Id 3,83% va ndm 2013 la 2,6%). Sau 2 nam trien khai xdy dung md hlnh san xua't gidng nam, Trung tam L/ng dung tien bd KH&CN Ydn Bai da sdn xuat dupc 9.872 dng giong dgt chuan cap I; 9.354 chai gidng dat chuln cap II vdi 5 loai nd'm (linh chi, dau kh?, so, rdm, mdc nhi'); 9.350 tui gidng dgt chuan cap III vdi 3 loai nd'm (sd, rdm, mpc nhT). Sd IUdng gidng nam nay du cung d p cho 1 md hinh sdn xuat nam thUdng pham tgi Trung tam va 9 md hlnh trong dan.
Md hinh trdng cac loai nd'm tat Trung tam Ong di^ng tien bo KH&CN Yen Bai: dupc thuc hien vdi quy md 100 ta'n nguydn lieu, trdng 4 loai nam: linh chi, mpc nhT, sd, dau khT. Ket qud cho thay, cd b^n cdc logi nam deu sinh trudng va phat trien td't, nang sud't vd ty Id hao hgt deu dat ydu cau so vdi chi tieu dat ra (bdng 1).
Bing 1 • t6ng hap kSt qui nudi trSng SIT
1
2 3 4
Lofi nam
Unh chi Ihu the m Uiih chi thu bao til MDcnhlnau Moc nhi den Nam dau khi Nam so
Nguyen lieu (Knl
2D 10 12 18 30 10
Ttgng lupig can d;t theo h(lp dijng
\,i\in IS kg
1,8 lan
S , 1 l ^ 5 tan
cac lo$i n Tt^ng imng
d a l d u ^
2,05 I i n 15,6 kg 2,175 t i n 1,636 t i n 17 lan 4 t i n
am tai Trung t&m Tylfliao livtdllra
(%)
30
<30
<30
<30
<30 Tylghao h y l k h i l t l ^ n
lihai(%)
10,19
6,10 12,20 11,«
10,56
Mo hinh trdng nim trong dan:6Mc thuc hien v6i quy mo la 400 tan nguyen lieu (linh chi 170 tan, moc nhT 170 ta'n, so 30 tan, rom 30 tan). Don \i\ chCi tri da tien hanh i<hao sat va lua chon duoc 9 mo hinh (huySn Yen Binh: 1, thanh pho Yen Bai: 7, thi xa NghTa Lo: 1). Cac ho dan tham gia mo hinh duoc ho tro 100% giong nam dat tieu chuan, mpt phSn nguySn lieu va kinh phi lam lan trai. Ket qua trien
So2ir,am20i3 jONG NGHE VIET N S T 25
Bin PHl/ONG
Bang 2: tdng hap kdt qu§ nudi trdng cac lo$i nam trong dSn sn
1 2 3 4
Loai nam
Linti chi Moc nhi Nam so Nam ram
Nguyen li|u (tan)
170 170 30 30
Tipng liffng cand;ltiieo hQp dong (la'n)
15,5 30,6 15,0
4,5 Trf ng lilfng
dgldiW (tin)
15,57 32,22 14,79 4,61
Tyleiiao huldatra
(%)
(30
<30
<30
<30 Ty ^ liao hut Mil tcl^n
khai(%)
14,97 11,96 10,68 10,56
khai md hlnh trdng nd'm trong dan nhU sau: nam linh chi thu dUdc 15,57 tan tUdi (5,45 tan khd); mdc nhT thu dupc 32,22 tan tUdi (10,553 tan khd); nam sd thu dupc 14,79 t^n tUdi; nam rdm thu dUdc 4,61 tan tUdi (bang 2). Co the noi, nang sud't cua 4 loai nam trdng (trU nam sd) trong ddn deu cao hdn ndng sud't dd ra; ty Id hao hut cung thap hdn so vdi chi tidu dat ra. Day la cd sd quan trpng de xay dung va phdt trien lang nghe trdng na'm trdn dja ban tinh.
Mo hinh che bien nim tai Trung tdm Ong dung ti§'n bd KH&CN Vdn Bal: nd'm thu hai dd'n ddu dUdc tien hanh che' bien den dd. Cac logi nam linh chi, mpc nhT, dau khi sau khi thu hdi dUdc say khd, nam so chd bien salat. Cdc sdn pham nam dUdc che bien bang cdng nghd say khd dupc bao quan trong tui nilon kin, mdt sd dupc ddng gdi vdi cac trpng lUging khac nhau tU 200 de'n 2.000 g, cd nhan mdc trdn bao bl. San phlm salat nd'm so dupc ddng vao lp thCiy tinh chiu nhidt, nap kin, cd nhan mdc. Cdc sdn pham nay budc dau chu yeu dupc dung de gidi thieu Scin pham, phuc vy nghien cUu.
Hieu qua Ciia Du'an
Hidu qua kinh tdcua md hlnh trdng nam tai Trung tam Lfng dung tien bp KH&CN Yen Bai theo dU kien ban d I u cd lai la 309.792.260 ddng. Tuy nhidn, sau
2 nam tridn khai, mot sd loai nd'm da cho nang suEit cao hdn so vdi ch? tieu de ra ban d^u nen lai suat cung cao hdn so vdi muc tieu la g^n 22 tridu dong.
Sau 2 ndm thuc hien, trU chi phi nhdn cdng, vat tu, nguyen lidu..., DU an da mang Igi thu nhdp cho cdc hd tham gia Id 863.638.150 ddng.
Ben canh hieu qua kinh te, Di/ an gdp phan tgo thdm vide lam, tdng thu nhap cho ngudi ddn (moi hp gia dinh binh quan cd thu nh^p thdm tU 8 den 20 trieu ddng/nam); tan dung dupc ngudn nguyen lidu rdm rg, mun cUa sdn cd va lao ddng ndng nhdn trong ndng thdn. Du an da ddo tgo dUpc dpi ngu can bp ky thudt, cdng nhdn lanh nghd trong sdn xu^t gidng, nuoi trdng, che bien nl^m theo hUdng cong^
nghldp tgi Yen Bai, gdp phan chuydn djch cd cd^u kinh td ndng nghidp ndng thdn. Vd khia cgnh mdi trudng, qua trinh trdng, che' bien cac loai nd'm an va nam dupc lieu theo quy trinh cCia Di/ dn khdng gdy d nhidm mdi trUdng, khdng dnh hudng de'n sUc khde cua ngUdi trong, che bidn nam. Phe th^i trong nam dupc sCf dung iam phan hCfu cd de cdi tgo dat da tao ndn mdt vong khep kin vUa mang lai hidu qud kinh te, vUa gdp phdn cai tgo dat va bao vd mdi trudng.
Theo dng Nguydn Thanh Hung - ChCi nhidm DU dn thi sau khi kd't thuc, Du dn cd khd ndng nhdn rdng td't, vi: mot la, vdi dien tich dCi rpng va cac trang thiet bj hidn dgi, Trung tam Qng dyng tien bp KH&CN Yen Bai se cung c^p du giong cho bd con cd nhu c^u san xuat nam trdn dja ban tinh; hai Id, thdng qua cdc Idp tap huan vd s\J thanh cdng cua cdc mo hinh s&n xuat nam da tao Idng tin cho bd con ndng dan trong va ngoai dja ban Di/ an. Thdnh cdng cua Du an cung da gdp phln thijlc hidn thang Idi Nghj quyet cua Dang bd tTnh Yen Bdi vd phdt trien nghe trong nam tai dia phUdng •
VQHUng
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TapchKHOAHQCONG NGHE VIET NIU S6'21 nam 2013
