Y
tQdng ve E-Navigation ddpc 7 nQdc thanh vien trinh len Tieu ban An toan hang hai vao t h i n g 12/2005- Day la mot tam nhin chien iQpc ve viec SLf dung cac thiet bi hang hai hien c6 va nhQng thiet bi hang hai mdi, dac biet la cac thiet bi dien tuf, mot each chinh thufc va CO he thdng. Y tddng nay da dQpc thong qua va bddc thC/nghiem dau tien dang dQpc thpc hien thong qua dQ an Marine Electronic Highway (MEM) a Ddng Nam A. Xet ve cac iQa chpn da dang va nhQng tien ich cuia e-Navigation, muc tieu trQdc nha't cua no la lam cau noi giQa nhQng ngQdi dieu khien tau va ngQdi dieu khien VTS de tcio ra mpt nhom lam viec thdng nha't n h l m dcim bao an toan hang hai (ATHH) thong qua viec chia se thong t i n . Tuy nhien, van con mot sd van de Cein dQpc bo' sung de e-Navigation co the thcinh eong vdi vai tro la mpt dich vu.
Mot trong nhQng van de do la hai do dien tit hay cac thiet bi trp giup hcing hai co lien quan trQc tiep den nhQng ca quan khi tL/png thuy van. Hon nL7a, nhQng ngdoi CO trcich nhiem cung co each hieu khae nhau ve dich vu nay. P h l n Idn hp cho rang e-Navigation khong lie-n quan den lpi ich tbi/Ong nicii. Cac khcich hcingtbLfOngmcii trongdpi nhieu hon Vcio clich vu nidi ma hp Sli dung: cci khci ndng c huyen
tai nhieu thong tin hon. Mpt he thdng CO ket hpp cac Ipi fch thuong mai vao e-Navigation, do chfnh la e-Maritime. Y tQcfng ve e-Maritime dQpc nghien cQu thong qua dQ an Mar NIS cua Uy b a n c h a u Au va mpt dQ an thQOng mai khae. E-Maritime bao gom e-Navigation, day manh viec SLf dung ta't ca cac dQ lieu va thong tin hang hai cung nhQ chia se thong tin thong qua nicing (ICT), tcio thucin Ipi cho Vein tai bien va tao ra dich vu gia tri gia tang n h l m tang hieu qua khai thac cuia van tai bien cung nhp nang cao an toan, an ninh hang hai. Bai viet nay nham thao luan ve cac van de lien quan den e-Navigation va viec suf dung no mpt each rpng rai trong e-Maritime.
E-Navigation la gi?
E-Navigation la mot y tQdng cua To chQc Hang hai quoc te dda vao viec dong bp cac he thdng hang hai va ho trp nhQng dich vu tren bd. E-Navigation hien dQpc djnh nghia: la viec thu thap, tich hpp, trao ddi, the hien va phan tich cac thong tin hang hai tren tau va tren bo b l n g phQOng tien dien tLf n h l m nang cao hieu qua boat dpng hang b l i tQ cau cang tdi cau cang, dich vu, an toan, an ninh bien va ngfln ngQa 6 nhiem moi trLfdng.
E-Navigation bao gom nhifng
8'-
E-Navigation bao gom ft nhat ba mang chu yeu ma hien van dang dQpc suf dung: he thd'ng thiet bj tren tau, he thdng thiet bi tren bd va cO sd ha tang cuia he thdng thong tin lien lac, co the phac hpa nhQ sau:
He thdng thiet bj hang hai tren tau se c^Qpc phat trien dQa tren viec tich hpp cac bp cam bien CO s i n tren tau, cac thong tin ho trp, mot giao dien tieu chuan, mpt he thd^ng toan dien de kiem soat khu vQc canh gidi va cac canh bao. NhOng yeu to' quan trpng cuia he thdng bao gdm djnh vj chinh xac, hai do dien tuf, kha nang phan tich de giam thieu sai sot cua con ngQdi, g i n eong viec cuia ngQdi trQc ca trong hai trinh de ngan ngQa sQ sao nhang hay qua met moi.
Viec quan ly hanh hai cua tau bien va cac dich vu lien quan td tren bd se dQpc nang cao thong qua sQ phdi hpp tdt hon va viec trao ddi thong tin toan dien bang cac dmh dang se giup ngQcJi khai thac tren bd de hieu va de SL/ dung, dam bao tinh an toan va hieu qua cua tau.
Mpt ha tang cP sd ve thong tin du/pc thiet kip de chuyen cac thong tin ket ndi giQa bd va tau, gida cac t l u , giQa hai tau va giQa cac nhan sQ tren bd vdi cac ben CO lien quan se lam g i l m di loi do ca nhan gay ra.
I 8 2008 Tap chi Hang hai Viet Nam
KHOA H O C - C O N G NGHE
lagi
IMO da eong nhan y tQdng v^ e-Navigation nhQ la mot thQOng hieu, gidng nhQ "iPod", ma khong can phai neu ro " e "
l a g i . Y tQdng CLia e-Navigation la y tQdng cua cac quoc gia thanh vien IMO dQa ra nam 2006 nhQ la mot quy trinh ddng bp, thu thap, tich hpp, trao ddi va the hien cac thong tin hang h3i. NhQ vay, " e " co the dQpc hieu la "tang cQdng" hoac "dien tuf", nhQng cung khong c i n thiet phai phan biet ro nhQ vay. Can phai IQU y rang khai niem hang hai dien tuf da tdn tai dQdi nhidu hinh thQc va khong bi bieu sai vdi sang kien mdi cQa IMO.
Cac muc tieu cot loi cua e-Navigation la gi?
IMO thd'ng nhat muc tieu cua e-Navigation la:
- Ho trp an toan cho tau, cung cap thong tin ve khi tQpng thuy van, va riii ro cd the xay ra;
- Cung cap dich vp theo ddi giam sat, q u I n ly viec hanh hai cua tau tQ bd, ven bd noi tau den;
- Cung cap, trao ddi thdng tin tQ tau tdi tau, tQ tau tdi bd, bd tdi tau, bd tdi bd va tdi cac ben lien quan khae; ,
- Tao CO hpi cai tien nang hieu q u i van t i i va van t i i da phppng thQc; nang cao hieu qua cdng t i e tim kiem cQu nan;
- Bieu thi mQc dp chinh xac lien tuc cCia he thong tieu chuan an toan;
- Tich hpp va hien thj cac thdng tin tren tau va tren bd thdng qua giao dien cua con ngQdi n h l m nang cao A T H H len mQc tdi da, giam thieu sQ lung tung hoac hieu sai cua mpt bp phan nao dd;
- Tich hpp va the hien cac thong tin tren tau va tren bd n h l m quan ly khdi iQpng cdng vipc ddng thdi cung la dpng lpc de ngQdi suf dung tham gia va ho trp viec dQa ra quyet d i n h ;
- Ket hpp chat che viec dao tao va tiep can lam quen cua ngL/oi sd dung vpi quy trinh ihdng qua viec suf dpng v l thQc hi^n quy trinh;
I N T E G R A T E D S Y S
- Ho trp phd cap toan cau, ho trp xay dQng e l c tieu chuan thdng nha't, kha nangtQOngthich v l phdi hpp e l c thiet bj, cac he thdng, he thdng ky hieu va quy trinh van hanh de t r l n b dc'i'i lap giQa nhQng ngQdi sQ dung; va cd cac mQc dp k h I c nhau, tao dieu kien cho nhQng ngu/di SL7 dung vdi trinh dp k h I c nhau.
Su can thiet ciia e-Navigation
Rd rang, rcit can thiet de trang bj cho thuyen tri/dng t l u bien v l nhQng ngQdi cd t r I c h nhiem tren bd nham bao dam A T H H vdi nhQng cdng cp hien dai da dQpc chQng minh qua thpc te suf dung, giup cho viec hanh hai va thong tin lien lac dang tin cay hon, than thien vdi ngQdi suf dung v l giam thieu dQpc cac sai sot. Tuy nhien, neu cdng nghe tiep tuc phat trien cao hon ma khong CO sQ phdi hpp chat che thi rui ro van cd kha nang tdn tai do he thdng hang hai cd the bj can trd do thieu tieu chul'n hoa giiia tau va bd, tinh khong tuong thich giQa cac tau, do tinh pbifc tap khong c i n thiet n g l y cang teing len.
NhiJng ton tai va cac xu hudng trong nganh Cong nghiep
hang hai dan den sU can thiet ciia e-Navigation?
Nhu c l u cua c l e qude gia ven bd ve thdng tin cuia cac t l u di qua vung kinh hai n l m trong quyen tai p h l n cua hp va c l e vung lanh h i i lien ke ngay cang tang len n h l m kiem solt rui ro do e l c tau gay ra va de ed nhQng phQpng tien hQu hieu lien lac vdi cac t l u dd.
C l e cang va qude gia ven bd cd khuynh hudng tang cQPng thpc thi cac dieu luat, cac yeu cau doi vdi tau di/de'n va di qua vQng nQdc n l m trong quyen tai p h l n cua hp.
Khuynh hQdng hpp tac khu vQc tang len giQa c i c qud'c gia ven bd. Khdi iQpng thdng tin giQa tau va cac td chQc tren bd tang len.
Moi quan tam ve moi trQdng va yeu cau cua cac dieu luat moi trQdngngay cang thiet chat hpn.
Mdi quan tam den van de an ninh cd t i c dpng khdng nho tdi nganh H l n g hai va nhQng phQOng thQc Vein tai khae.
SQ da dcing hda cac locii hinh djeh vu tai cang (hoa tieu, ngi/di b i t day, tau lai,...) cung tang, do vay sQ ket hpp giQa c l e djeh vu I I rlt c|Liari trpng
8 2008 Tap chi Hang hai ViOt Nam 4 S
KHOA H O C - C O N G N G H E
Kha nang cua nhan sQ nganh Hang hai ngay cang thay d d i , trong khi nhQng ky nang khong dQpc suf dung tbQdng xuyen ngay cang giam sut.
Viec Qng dung nhQng eong nghe mdi cung doi hoi thay ddi cac yeu cau dao tao va quy trinh khai thac. SL/ dung cac he thdng chinh thQc vdi dp chfnh xac ngay cang cao de quan ly giao thong tren bien va trong cang la mpt doi hdi cap thiet.
Mac du cac dich vu khae nhQ dich vu Galileo cua he thdng GNSS se dQpc dQa vao suf dung va tfnh hQu dung ngay cang tang, cac he thd'ng tQ vu tru nhQ vay de bi tac nghen va bi anh hQdng bdi nhdng tac nhan khong chO dfch.
Thiet ke tau va eong nghe dong tau ngay cang phat trien.
Nhu cau ve tdc dp va tfnh dp bao dQpc cuia van tai va ke hoach xep dd hang boa.
Nhu cau cuia van tai thuiy npi dia tang. SQ canh tranh bdi van tai thuy (tren bien, ven bd, thuy npi dia) tiep tuc tang (vf dp: tau cao tdc, tau chd hang Idn hon va nhanh hon, tau tliQOng vu, tieu khien, eong trinh xa bd va he thdng dien mc3i).
Pham vi ciia e-Navigation?
E-Navigation la mpt khai niem rpng Idn, mang tinh lau dai, lien quan den nhieu nhan sQ va CO kha nang anh hQdng tdi toan nganh Hang hai; trong do, ngQdi di bien, tau, hoa tieu hang hai, nha che tao, cac td chQc dich vu giao thong dQdng bien (VTS), cac nQdc ven bd, quoc gia CO cang, qude gia co cd, CO quan khi tQpng thCiy van, chui tau, ngQdi khai thac tau, ngQdi thue tau la nhQng nhan to'bi tac ddng bdi e-Navigation.
Hon nQa, viec phat trien e-Navigation se co y nghia tac dong len mpi melt ve huan luyen va dieu chinh quy trinh dieu hanh he thdng hang hai.
Khi nao thi e-Navigation co the thi/c hien?
E-Navigation la mpt phat kien niPi va la mdt y tufdng cP
sd dQpc phat trien de dap Qng cac nhu cau mdi nay sinh CLia ngQdi suf dung va phu hpp vdi eong nghe hien cd. IMO dang trien khai mpt khuon khd chien iQpc tdng the cho e-Navigation va dQ kien se ket thuc trong nam 2008. e h i e n iQOc nay co the dat ra mpt ke ho<ach lam viec cho cac giai doan ban dau de thdc hien e-Navigation. DQ dinh chien iQpc nay bao gdm khuon khd de tiep tuc danh gia nham dap Qng tdt nha't nhu cau cuia ngQdi sd dung vdi eong nghe va phan tich hieu qua suf dung chi phi.
E-Navigation co the giup ngan ngiTa 6 nhiem bien?
Cautra Idi la co. E-Navigation se mang lai sQ cai thien doi vdi A T H H thong qua viec giam thieu rui ro, giup ngan ngQa 6 nhiem moi trQdng bien tQ cac boat dpng tau thuyen, tQ va eham, m l c can. Cac eong viec phan tich va nghien cQu van dang dQpc tien hanh n h l m xac djnh lieu e-Navigation co the dQpc SL/
dung de giup giam thieu iQOng cacbon, phdtpho, nitO san sinh ra tQ boat dpng cua tau thong qua viec sap xep tuyen dQdng, xep do hang boa hieu qua hpn, va I ieu e-Navigation co the dQpc sd dung nhQ mpt eong cu danh g i l khi CO cac khieu nai ve 6 nhiem do khi thai.
Trang bj ECDIS phu hop tren tau c6 dong nghTa la da c6 e-Navigation?
Cau tra Idi la khong, tuy hai dd dien tuf va he thdng thong tin (ECDIS) la m(3t yeu tdquan trpng ban dau cua e-Navigation.
Cac eong viec ma IMO dang lam ve ECDIS, INS/IBS va IAEA ve VTS phu hop nhu' the nao vdi e-Navigation?
Cac he thdng va nhQng eong nghe dang dQpc phat trien va dQpc suf dung nhQ hai dd dien tuf (ECDIS), he thdng tich hpp hang hai (INS) va he thdng tich hpp budng lai (IBS) se la cac yeu td mau chdt de tao nen mpt cd cau tdng the ciia e-Navigation nham boa hpp, thu thap, tich
hpp, trao d d i , the hien thong tin hang hai tren tau va tren bd.
Co can dao tao ve e-Navigation?
E-Navigation lien quan den viec suf dung eong nghe theo mpt quy trinh thich hpp, cun^
nhQ CO sQ thay ddi dang ke ve cac yeu c l u dao tao cho ngQdi suf dung tren bd va tren tau.
E-Navigation tac dong den cac tau nho nhU the nao?
E-Navigation dQ dinh se ap dung vdi cac tau thuyen thQOng mai nhd, du thuyen do e-Navigation co nhieu cap dd khae nhau, n h l m muc dich tang cQdng an toan cho cdng dong hang hai. Lpi ich ma cac tau nhd dQpc hQdng la nang cao tinh nang cua hai dd va t i n g cQdng thanh tra chat iQOng tau.
E-Navigation co thay the du'Oc hang hai truyen thong khong?
E-Navigation se giup tang cQdng cac Qu diem cuia hang hai truyen thdng thong qua viec ket hpp ky nang cua con ngQdi va may mdc. Thiet bi dien tuf thay the con ngQdi lam eong viec phan d j n h , kiem tra mpt each lien tuc nhQ so sanh cac ngudn dau vao cuia dQ lieu hang hai, mpt eong viec ma h l u het nhOng ngQdi eong tac trong nganh Hang hai khong the hoan thanh mpt each nhanh chong dQpc va eong viec lap di lap lai gay ra sQ nham chan. Con ngQdi thi trpi hpn ve ky nang mang tinh trQc giac va lien quan den cac eong viec mang tinh trQu tQpng nhQ la nhQng eong viec cua tau, quan ly ngudn nhan iQc.
SQ xua't hien cuia hang hai dien tuf (khong phai e-Navigation) nhQ hai dd dien td va he thdng dinh v i , vai tro cuia con ngQdi khong CO sQ thay ddi trong linh vQc hang hai. Cung tQOng tQ nhQ vay, ddi vdi cac boat ddng khai thac tren bd, e-Navigation la qua trinh n h l m danh gia lai nhQng vai tro nay va dam b i o ngQdi di bien va ngQdi dieu hanh tren bd tham gia tich cQc vao quy trinh hang hai chQ
46 1.8.2008 Tap ctii Hang hai Viet Nam
KHOA H O C - C O N G NGHE
khong chi giam sat nd. Dieu nay se lam cho ngi/di di bien va ngQPi dieu hanh tren bp co the dda ra cac quyet dinh chinh xac hon dQa tren he thdng quan ly thong tin v l eong nghe dien tii nham giam thieu sQ sao nhang.
He qua cua viec (Jng dung e-Navigation?
- Nhu cau ve luan chuyen dQ lieu giQa cac tau, giQa tau va bd se c i n g ngay cang tang.
- Se xuat hien nhu cau nang cap he thdng thong tin lien lac giQa bd va tau de trao ddi thong tin, nhp cac phQong tien de thong bao canh bao, tQ van va dan hQdng cho cac tau.
- Xua't hien nhu cau tp dpng
hda viec cung cap thong tin ma khong can sQ tham gia cua con ngQPi.
- C l e eong nghe tien tien se giup cho viec thanh tra, n h l n dien va theo doi cac tau ben ngoai nhQng vung VTS hien co.
Trong sd c l e eong nghe nay co he thdng LRIT cung nbu viec thu nhan cac tin hieu AIS tQ mat da't hay tQ ve tinh.
- Viec danh g i l rui ro mpt each toan dien va hieu qua bang viec suf dung e-Navigation se trd thanh nen tang cho viec quan ly A T H H .
- Se cd sQ quan ly va td chQc chat che hon cho giao thong hang hai trong gidi ban cho
phep.
- Se xua't hien nhu cau ngay cang t i n g ve viec bao dam va chQng thpc kha nang cua ngppi hoat dpng trong nganh Hang hai va nhQng ngQPi dieu h l n h tren bd de co the sd dung cac phQpng tien cua e-Navigation mpt each hieu qua nha't.
- Trong vung cd mat dp giao thong Idn hoac cac tuyen thppng mai v l du Ijch hien tai CO the can ap dung dieu khoan rieng cua e-Navigation de quan ly tdt bon cac du thuyen v l t l u nhd de dam bao A T H H ^ H
Hl^A VIET CAO (Theo tai lieu ciia IMO)
|}ng dung he thong dieu khien PCS7...
Tiep theo trang 43) - Thiet lap truyen thong;- Thiet lap cau hinh mang;
- Thiet lap cac chQOng trinh dieu khien:
SIMATIC PCS7 cung cap da dang ngon ngQ dieu khien:
-I-Co ban: SLT, LAD, FBD
-I- Chuyen biet: GRAPH, HIGRAPH, CFG, SCL, DOCPRO, SFC
Truyen thdng giQa cac thiet bi cd tam quan trpng rat Idn trong Ifnh vQc dieu khien v l xu hQdng n l y se dQpc Qng dung ngay cang nhieu tren tau thuy de cai thien viec van hanh cua e l c sy quan di bien va tang nang suit khai t h I c . Dieu dd ndi tdi kha nang tich hpp thiet bj tren tau thuy nham phat huy tinh md cua thiet bi.
Thiet bj tru'oing thong minh
Bp p h l n trQc tiep tiep xue lay thdng tin, thpc hien quy trinh cdng nghe, do dac, lay e l c thdn^
so trang thai boat dpng cua m l y mdc va dQa ve bp XLf ly tin hieu de quan ly va thQc hien dieu khien giam sat.
-I- Thiet bi do nhiet dp:
- D i u vao dien trd h o l e dien I p . - Vcc: 6,5 den 35V DC; ddng ra tQ 4-20mA.
- Di^u kien boat dpng: -40 den -i-85"C.
+ Thiet bi do ap suit:
- Cd the do iQu iQOng, khdi iQOng, the tich v l mQc.
- Vcc: 120-230V, t = 50/60Hz, 6W; Vdc:
24V, 6W.
- Dau ra tQOng tQ: 4-20mA.
- Hien thi vdi 2 ddng, mdi ddng I I 16 ky tQ.
-(- Thiet bi do iQu iQpng:
- Do cac chat Idng dan didn va khong dan
dien: iQu iQpng, van tdc dong chay, nhiet dp dng do, the tich cha't long, khd'i iQpng cheat long.
- Vcc: 1 00-230V hoac Vdc 24V; vdi DN25 thi iQu iQpng do cQc dai I I 1 7mVh hay lOm/s; vdi DN50 IQOng Qng vdi 70m Vh; ddng ra 4-20mA.
H- Thiet bj do mQc:
- Vcc: 120-230V, f = 50/60Hz, 6W; Vdc:
24V, 6W.
- Khoang gia tri do: 0,35-50m.
- Dau ra IQOng IQ: 4-20mA.
- Dau ra so: la e l c dau ra rp-le, b i o trang thai thiet bi hay cac q u i gidi h<in.
- Man hinh: hien thj vdi 2 ddng, 16 ky tQ/
ddng.
-(- Cam bien IL/U iQpng:
- Dau v I o v l ra deu dQpc e l c h ly ve dien. Tai 230-600 (Ohm) vdi chul'n truyen thdng HART;
dau ra sd va dau v I o sd. Ddng ra 4-20mA.
Ket luan
Vdi he thdng dieu khien PCS7 cd the chi ra cac tien ich Idn sau:
- Rat de d i n g trong viec thiet ke, che tao, l i p dat, vi he thdng dQpc tao ra tQ nhQng thiet bj dang modul chul'n, gpn, di day khdng phQc tap.
- Rat de thay ddi, p h I t trien he thdng theo cau true v l quy mo cua t l u vol thdi gian v l ehi phi chap nhan dQpc.
- De chinh djnh nhd cd sQ hd trp eua phan mdm.
- Cd the boat ddng lien tuc, tin cay, chinh xac vdi ngudn nang iQpng thap.
- Viec iQu giQ thdng tin rcit thuan Ipi va an toan •
r 8 20OK Tap c h i Hang hai \ iCt Nam
