11-May-15
1 Six Steps to Problem
Solving
For individual or Group Work
A talk by Jaime Eray
Two useful models
The STAR model: The PDSA model:
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STEP 1:
Identify and Select the Problem
Sometimes a problem is too big to get a grip on or to understand.
The first step is to take a step back and look at the problem through fresh eyes. Use the STAR method to think about the problem critically and creatively.
Define the problem in a clear and concise statement.
For groupwork:
It is important to reach a consensus among all members that the problem is defined correctly.
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STEP 2:
Analyze the Problem
Gather information about the problem.
Conduct research for more information if necessary.
Divide your information into categories – the cause(s), the effects, contributing factors, etc.
Remember the 5 W’s and H:
What?
Why?
When?
Where?
Who?
How?
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STEP 3:
Generate Potential Solutions
Identify and discuss all the possible solutions to the problem.
Use brainstorming techniques such as mind-mapping or flow charts to help you.
Be creative, yet rational, in your ideas.
For groupwork:
Be sure to explain your ideas clearly.
Remember there are no wrong answers or bad ideas.
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STEP 4:
Select and Plan the Solution
Consider the constraints of each solution:
Time, costs, environment, and all other resources involved.
Use a process of elimination that prioritizes the solutions that will work best.
From the shortlist, select the most effective solution.
Create a plan of action using the PDSA model.
For groupwork:
Members should reach a consensus and all agree on the chosen solution.
A voting system is a useful strategy when selecting the solution.
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STEP 5:
Implement the Solution
This is the DO part of the PDSA model, and the ACT part of the STAR model.
Apply/act out your solution.
Be sure to have a scientific method of tracking the effects of your solution (for use in the next step).
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STEP 6:
Evaluate the Solution
Examine the scenario – did it work? Can you change it to work better?
Be sure to explain why.
Use the information you gathered in Step 2.
This is the STUDY part of the PDSA model, and the REVIEW part of the STAR model.
Implement these changes to get best solution.
This is now the ACT part of the PDSA model.
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So, to cap it up:
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1. Identify the problem.
2. Explore information.
3. Create ideas.
4. Select the best idea.
6. Evaluate the results.
5. Build and test the idea.
CONGRATULATIONS! YOU CAN NOW SOLVE PROBLEMS EFFECTIVELY!
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