PENERAPAN METODE MIND MAPPING PADA KETERAMPILAN MENULIS KARANGAN NARASI
3) Aspek Kosakata
Pada tahap pretest diperoleh hasil nilai rata-rata kelas pada aspek ini sebesar 10,9. Adapun contoh karangan siswa yang memperoleh nilai terendah, menengah dan tertinggi pada saat pretest antara lain sebagai berikut.
Contoh Karangan S14 (terendah) Late to School
(1)Last Monday, I had a very bad experience. (2)That day I had a flag ceremonial at school. (3)I went to school with my friend. (4)Our went to school by motorcycle. (5)We near late so our shall fast.(6)The flag ceremonial will open at 07.15.
(7)On the way to school, suddenly I remembered that forgot to bring my homework. (8)I was so disoriented. (9)Because I shall give the homework to my teacher. (10)My teacher will angry if I did not bring my homework and she will law me. (11)So I and my friend decided to went back to house to take my homework.
(12)When we enteron school, we late. (13)It was already 08.25 A.M.
(14)The flag ceremonial was closed. (15)My teacher was so angry and law our. (16)That was my bad experience.
Saran perbaikan:
Late for School
Last Sunday, I had very bad experience. That day I had a flag ceremony at school. I went to school with my friend. We went to school by motorcycle. We were almost late so we should be in hurry. The flag ceremony start at 07.15.
On the way to school, suddenly I remembered that I forgot to bring my homework. I was so confused. Because I had to compile homework to my teacher. My teacher would be angry if I did not bring my homework and she would give me punishment. So I and my friend decided to go back home to take my homework.
When we arrived at school, we were late. It was already 08.25 a.m.. The flag ceremony had already finished. My teacher was so angry and punished us. That was my bad experience.
Menurut rubrik penilaian yang digunakan, aspek kosakata terdiri atas dua komponen pendukung, yaitu penguasaan kosakata secara umum serta kesalahan dalam pemilihan dan penggunaan kosakata. Menurut Yule (2010:83), noun adalah kata-kata yang merujuk kepada orang (boy), objek (backpack), makhluk hidup (dog), tempat (school), kualitas (roughness), fenomena (earthquake), dan ide abstrak (love). Di pihak lain verb adalah kata-kata yang digunakan pada sejumlah aksi (go, talk) dan keadaan (be, have) yang melibatkan orang dan benda dalam suatu kejadian (Jessica is ill and has a sore throat so she can’t talk or go anywhere). Pada karangan S14 dapat dilihat secara umum penguasaan kosakata yang digunakan masih sangat minim. Dalam karangan ini masih terdapat banyak kesalahan pemilihan dan penggunaan kosakata, seperti pada kalimat (14). Dalam kalimat tersebut ditemukan kesalahan pada penggunaan noun dan verb. Kalimat yang benar adalah “The flag ceremony was finish”. Di dalam
karangan ini masih ditemukan beberapa kesalahan dalam pemilihan dan penggunaan kosakata. Oleh karena itu, karangan S14 belum mencapai peningkatan nilai yang sesuai dengan KKM.
Contoh Karangan S37 (menengah)
The Scary Dog
(1)When I was nine years old, I had a bad experience. (2)One day, my mother told me to buy some eggs for lunch. (3)I must walked alone to the market because my sister was not at home.
(4)When I went to the market, I on the way a big house. (5)Then I looked at the gate. (6)It did not lock and there was a big dog slept there. (7)I was shocked and scared. (8)Then the dog opened his eyes and barked. (9)I ran so fast but the dog is faster than me. (10)I screamed and hope there was a people surrounding there.
(11)Lucky, the dog owner came to help me. (12)At that time the dog was domesticate when the owner came. (13)Then I went to the market and bought some egg for lunch. (14)That was my bad experience with the scary dog.
Saran perbaikan:
The Scary Dog
When I was nine years old, I had a bad experience. One day, my mother told me to buy some eggs for lunch. I had to walk alone to the market because my sister was not at home.
When I went to the market, I passed a big house. Then I looked at the gate. It was not locked and there was a big dog slept there. I was shocked and scared. Then the dog opened his eyes and started barking. I ran so fast but the dog was faster. I screamed and hoped there was someone around there.
Luckily, the dog master came to help me. The dog was tame if the master came.Then I went to the market and bought some egg for lunch. That was my bad experience with the scary dog.
Sejalan denga pendapat Yule (2010:83) bahwa adverb adalah kata-kata yang digunakan dengan verba untuk memberikankan informasi
tambahan tentang aksi, keadaan, dan kejadian (slowly, yesterday). Beberapa adverb (really, very) juga dapat digunakan dengan adjektif untuk memodifikasi informasi tentang benda (Really large objects move slowly. I had a very strange experience yesterday). Pada karangan S37 dapat dilihat secara umum penguasaan kosakata yang digunakan cukup bervariasi. Namun dalam karangan ini masih terdapat banyak kesalahan pemilihan dan penggunaan kosakata, seperti pada kalimat (11). Dalam kalimat tersebut ditemukan kesalahan pada penggunaan adverb. Kalimat yang benar adalah
“Luckily, the dog master came to help me”. Oleh karena itu karangan ini memperoleh nilai menegah pada tahap pretest.
Contoh Karangan S25 (tertinggi) My Worst Day
(1)Last week I had the worst day of my life. (2)I got sick and felt unwell. (3)I was in bed all the whole weekend because of fever and flu. (4)In the morning my friends stayed in my apartment with me but on Saturday night they went to mall and I was alone.
(5)I felt so sad, I had a fever and headache, and I was alone! (6)Oh it was terrible. (7)I was thinking about my family and rememberikanng my family. (8)Everytime I get sick my parents will always stay with me. (9)They will never leave me alone, but here it was different, I missed my family so much.
(10)I felt so sad, so I decided to pray and watch a movie until I fell asleep. (11)Well it was the worst day in my life, but now I understand how important is my family and their love.
Adjective adalah kata-kata yang umumnya digunakan dengan nomina untuk memberikankan informasi tambahan tentang benda yang
dirujuknya seperti happy people, large objects, a strange experience (Yule, 2010:83). Salah satu contoh penggunaan adjective yang tepat pada karangan ini adalah kalimat (10).
Lebih lanjut, Yule (2010:83) mengemukakan bahwa adverb adalah kata-kata yang digunakan dengan verba untuk memberikankan informasi tambahan tentang aksi, keadaan, dan kejadian (slowly, yesterday). Beberapa adverb (really, very) juga dapat digunakan dengan adjektif untuk memodifikasi informasi tentang benda (Really large objects move slowly. I had a very strange experience yesterday). Contoh penggunaan adverb dalam karangan tersebut adalah pada kalimat (2). Pada karangan S25 di atas penguasaan kosakata cukup baik walaupun pemilihan kata masih tergolong sederhana. Selain itu, dalam karangan ini tidak ditemukan kesalahan dalam pemilihan atau penggunaan kosakata. Oleh karena itu, karangan S07 memperoleh nilai tertinggi pada aspek kosakata dibandingkan dengan karangan lainnya.
Tabel 4.5 Penilaian Karangan secara Umum pada Aspek Kosakata No Kesalahan penggunaan
kosakata Saran perbaikan
1 (S25) My brother delivered me to school.
My brother drove me to school.
2 (S31) A few minutes letter, a
man... A few minutes later, a man...
3 (S37) In front of the door, i