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Enriching Quality and Providing Affordable Education through New Academia | 54 Then, in a particular culture reject (the offer, solicitation) which can be done directly, while in other cultures do need to mince words spoken before rejection or even without spoken at all. The result is that in some cases the possibility of misinterpretation if someone speakers had recommended denial or not, while the other possibilities for misunderstanding the intent greeting speakers.
In conducting the speech act, other than the stated purpose and desire, speakers also naturally aims to create and maintain certain social relationships among themselves speakers of the opponents said. Speakers considering the difficulties in conveying meaning and appropriately in terms of closeness or distance between the speaker and the person said, the language situation and so on.
Different cultures different way of stating something like rejection to someone. Likewise with the ethnic Batak South Tapanuli in rejecting a case of opponents said.Therefore, it is very interesting to study the use of spoken language illocutionary speech acts "reject" the conversation Batak South Tapanuli in Surakarta then presented the factors that influence the use of language and how to use the language itself.
Methodology
The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative by describing facts that occur naturally. Sources of data in this study is the student conversation Batak South Tapanuli in Surakarta, between Fika, Qiani, and Tika. Data obtained by recording using a digital camera. After that, the data ditranskip then analyzed by heuristic methods.
Findings and Discussion Factors Affecting Speech Acts Illocutionary “Menolak”
Subetnis South Tapanuli is one part of the ethnic Batak.There are some people who live in the subetnis Surakarta. The fellow South Tapanuli Batak ethnic group communication or event said to convey the intent and purpose of using language Batak South Tapanuli. That is, in this case related to the pragmatics of three concepts that meaning, context, communication (Schiffrin, 1994: 190). According to the source, usually expressed in Batak is without attention to several factors that influence the occurrence of a conversation. For example in rejecting an offer of Batak will deliver what their minds clearly without regard to the hearer so no special distinction in the choice of words used.
A study conducted by Josiah in 2015 found that the speaker utilizing five stages illocutionary acts and five types of structural sentences to convey his message to his audience clearly. Through illocutionary act by the speaker, the speaker can be predict the future society. This finding was in line with the assessment that the figures in this conversation dala real students Batak South Tapanuli said a desire to use a statement that opponents said clearly and effectively. The statement describes the firmness with no strings attached.
South Tapanuli Batak language does not has the level of form of language to communicate. In conversation Batak there was some differentiator that will affect, it happens when the speaker said face opponents who have a background in a different age, usually the speaker will consider the level of decency to express his point by choosing words that are the same for all ages. The tone and intonation are important aspects that distinguish a conversation in Batak.
In the case of this dialogue, the speech act illocutionary "reject" is influenced by psychological factors that offer the speaker so that the hearer who refused but there is a willingness to accept the offer resulting in a process of negotiation to produce a final agreement together. The findings in this study are the factors that affect illocutionary speech acts "reject" the conversation Batak South Tapanuli in Surakarta. The conversation took place between the three students of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta called Fika, Qiani, and Tika. Function reject means, Qiani trying to reject the invitation of Fika and Tika. Note the following speech between these three students.
Enriching Quality and Providing Affordable Education through New Academia | 55 Tika : Hei Fik
Fika : Kak Tik
Tika : Assalamu’alaikum
Fika : Wa’alaikumsalam. Aha de na masa baya? Songon na pucat uida kakak.
Tika : Ngen kampus au bimbingan skripsi.
Fika : Onde
Tika : Makana maccit ulukku so marmayam au tuson. Biado? Keta le masuk.
Fika : Ketabo ketabo. Ketabo masuk kak. Wii. Bayaa, ketabo kak. Na lojaan kakak. Indon anggitta.
Tika : O.. olo te. Na di UMS Muse….
Fika : Olo…
Tika : Juguk ma au dison da!
Fika : Olo kakak e, juguk ma hita Qiani : Assalamu’alaikum kak.
Tika : Wa… biade kabar mu nggi?
Qiani : Sehat kakak
Tika : Imada, biado biado? Taringatna, Ketale manonton le?
Fika : Aha de manonton?
Tika : Manonton film mattong… di bioskop Fika : Indatong, Aha de judulna?
Tika : Wii imada, nakkinin doppak ro au tu son, maligi2 film au di 21, bettak ra adek on dohot, adong film tagi, judul na “99 Cahaya langit di Eropa” do?
Qiano & Fika: O..olo…olo…
Fika : Unjung hu bege, tai nape do unjung uida iklan nai.
Tika : Memang nanggo di iklan kon dottong nggi.
Fika : O..o songoni do…
Tika : Tagide lala ho I? dohot do ho?
Qiani : Imada, tai dong tugas nai kak, got makkarejo on tugas kai Tika : Ulang bornginon anggo songoni,
Qiani : Andigan ma?
Tika : Andigan ma bisa hamu? ha mu do!
Fika : Anggo au accogot insyaallah na dong kegiatan sadari i. Anggo adek?
Qiani : Au pe!
Tika : Accogot do berarti, nian anggo jom jom na, pagi nadong rakku ate jam sappulu?
Qiani : Nadong tong jam sa i! Biasana sore tu borngin kan?
Tika : Ooh, siang… sore… borngin. Mambuat sore ma hita songoni ate?
Qiani : Olo kak…
Tika : So ulang na leleng tu mulak na! biade lala hamu? Olo kan?
Fika : Olo olo,,cocok!!
Qiani : Torus mangan borngin ma hita tong…
Qiani, Fika , Tika : Hahahaha Tika : Jadi ma… accogot ma!
Fika : Olo ka!
Qiani : Jadi ma... asi di boto kakak adong film na inan di putar sannari?
Tika : Film baru doi.
Fika : Imada, anggo film baru biasana di panggar2kon doi
Tika : Imada, tai donganku maccari toonna. Na tuari, manonton dokkonia ia, natagian boto ningia!
Qiani : Idia tempat ni alai kak!! D’care!!
Tika : Di SS, wiii, di care4 muse ma ningia , hahahhahha, nadong bioskop disi da, ho da.
Qiani, Fika, Tika : Ha ha ha
Fika : Ise pemainna langa kak!
Tika : Si Acha. Unjung de ditonton hamu my heart?
Enriching Quality and Providing Affordable Education through New Academia | 56 Fika : Unjung!
Tika : Nah… ima bana mai adaboru mai!
Qiani : Oo si acha, na jopan rohakku I da.
Tika : O imada.. pandokkon ni dongan ku na tagian boto film nai!
Fika : Jadi ma!
Qiani : Na bia ra ma hita dohot, asal kon naron kakak pesan kian ma tiketna.
Tika : Olo… tai ita pastion ma jolo accogot do jadi na manonton i, o.. jam tolu? Mulaina nian jam 4 opatan doi, anggo bisa tong baya abis asar langsung ma ita berangkat.
Kakak ma ro tu son mangalap hamu kan??
Fika : Tai mardua do hamu??
Tika : Olo, olo ualap hamu tu son, amu na dua sakareta. sebelum sampe au tu son hutabusion tong tiket nai.
Fika : Amma dong… I bandari ma hita on…
Tika : Lagi adong rasoki, heheheh.
Fika : Alhamdulillah
Tika : Songoni ma. accogot siap2 hamu. Accogot hu sms anggo get berangkat, jam tolu berangkat ma u usahaon!
Qiani : Songoni ma kak. Get kehe ma langa mulak on kak?
Tika : Olo, kehe ma au mulak. Nagokan do pe tugasku boto.
Fika : Sukses ma da kak. Lancar bimbingan nai, aamiin.
Tika : Aamiin. Olo. pataru ma jolo au tu jolo da.
Fika : Olo olo kak, ketabo.
Tika : Songoni ma, pasuo accogot ma. assalamu’alaikum Fika dan Qiani: wa’alaikumsalam.
Indonesian Translation:
Tika : Hei Fik Fika : Kak Tik
Tika : Assalamu’alaikum.
Fika : Wa’alaikumsalam,ada gerangan apakah? Kelihatannya kak Tika pucat sekali.
Tika : Dari kampus, bimbingan skripsi.
Fika : Oalah
Tika : Kepalaku pusing banget. Makanya aku datang ke sini. Masuk yuk!
Fika : Ayuk. Masuk yuk Kak. Ayok kak, kelihatannya kakak capek banget. Ini lho kak adek kita.
Tika : Oh iya ya? Yang di UMS itu?
Fika : Iya
Tika : Aku duduk di sini yah.
Fika : Iya kak, kita duduk yuk.
Qiani : Assalamualaikum kak.
Tika : Wah, gimana kabarmu dek?
Qiani : Sehat kak.
Tika : Oh gitu. Gimana gimana? Ngomong-ngomong, nonton yuk.
Fika : Nonton apa?
Tika : Nonton filmlah di bioskop.
Fika : (Enggaklah), maksutku judulnya apa?
Tika : Nah itu, tadi sewaktu aku dalam perjalanan menuju ke sini, aku lihat-lihat film di 21. Oiya,kali aja ni adek mau ikut, ada film bagus, judulnya 99 Cahaya Langit di Eropa, iya bukan?
Qiani dan Fika : Oiya, iya
Fika : Aku pernah denger, tapi aku belum pernah lihat iklannya juga sih.
Tika : Memang nggak diiklankan kok dek.
Fika : Oh gitu kak.
Enriching Quality and Providing Affordable Education through New Academia | 57 Tika : Bagus nggak menurutmu? Kamu ikut nggak dek?
Qiani : Nah itu, tapi kami mau ngerjain tugas kak Tika : Jangan malam ini kalau gitu
Qiani : Terus kapan?
Tika : Kalian bisanya kapan? Terserah kalianlah.
Fika : Besok bisa kak, insyaAllah, nggak ada kegiatan kok. Kalau adek?
Qiani : Aku juga
Tika : Berarti besok. nian kalau jam-jamnya sih, kalau pagi, jam 10 nggak ada kali ya?
Qiani : Jam segitu nggak ada kak. Biasanya sore sampe malem kan?
Tika : Oh....kalau gitu kita ambil yang sore aja ya?
Qiani : Oh iya kak
Tiika : Supaya kita nggak terlalu lama pulangnya. Gimana menurut kalian? Iya kan?
Fika : Iya iya cocok. Kalau gitu sekalian makan malem.
Qiani, Tika, Fika: Hahaha Tika : Iyadeh. Besok aja Fika : Iya kak
Qiani : Iyadeh. Kok kakak tahu film itu diputar sekarang?
Tika : Itu film baru.
Fika : Nah itu. Biasanya kalau film baru kan digembor-gemborkan.
Tika : Nah itu, temenku juga cerita. Kemaren dia nonton yang itu, katanya sik banget de.
Qiani : Emang dimana sih kak tempatnya? Di Car....?
Tika : Di Solo Square? Wuii, kok malah di carrefour? Hahahaha disitu kan nggak ada bioskop. Dasar kau ini.
Tika, Fika, Qiani : Hahahaha Fika : Pemainnya siapa sih kak?
Tika : Si Acha. Kalain pernah nonton film myheart nggak?
Fika : Pernah
Tika : Nah itu, pemain yang perempuan yang itu.
Fika : Oh si Acha yang itu. Aku seneng banget lho sama yang itu.
Tika : Ohh gitu? Memang kata temenku filmnya bagus banget deh.
Fika : Oke deh...
Qiani : Iya deh kita mau ikut, asalkan mbak Tika pesenin dulu tiketnya.
Tika : Iya, tapi kita pastikan dulu kalau kita besok itu nonton. Jam 3? Mulainya jam 4.
Kalau bisa habis asar kita langsung berangkat. Kakak yang datang ke sini, buat jemput kalian ya.
Fika : Tapi kan kami berdua kak.
Tika : Iya, aku hampirin kalian di sini. Kalian berdua satu motor aja. Sebelum aku sampe ke sini aku beli tiketnya.
Fika : Asiiiikkk. kita ditraktir nih.
Tika : Ini lagi ada rezeki soalnya. Hehehe Fika : Alhamdulillah
Tika : Gitu aja deh. Besok kalian siap-siap ya. Besok aku sms sebelum berangkat. Aku usahakan jam 3 deh.
Qiani : Iyadeh kak. Lhoh ini emang uda mau pulang?
Tika : Iya aku udah mau pulang nih, solanya masih banyak ni tugasku.
Fika : Sukses ya kak. Bimbingannya lancar deh. Amin.
Tika : Amin. Iya. Anterin aku ke depan deh.
Fika : Iya ya, iya iya kak. Ayok
Tika : Gitu ya, besok kita ketemu. Assalamu’alaikum.
Fika dan Qiani : Wa’alaikumsalam.
Enriching Quality and Providing Affordable Education through New Academia | 58 As explained at the outset that rejected the speech act is likely to be submitting by opponents said candidly without any preamble or discomfort with the speakers. Qiani as opposed to speech that refuses to ignore the younger age of Tika. He still says the rejection by what that time was on a job, only he said with a tone softer. Illocutionary actions are considered by Dada (2004) as the core of the theory of Speech Acts refers to the social actions carried out by the speaker while perlokusi action is the effect of the utterance speaker on the listener, this could be intended or unintended.
Language Selection Used of “Menolak” on Batak South Tapanuli in Surakarta
As the opinion Fishman (1968) kind of sphere or social domain there are five, namely family, intimacy, religion, occupation, and education. Social domain is associated with language options. In every speech the first thing that comes to each speaker are two of the choice of language or variety of language used. When thinking about the choice of language itself, speakers envision the use of language as a whole.
The data obtained and discussed a figure of speech acts used in conversation, namely Qiani, Fika, and Tika.Analytically, Austin divides three types of speech acts, ie acts locutions, illocutionary, and perlokusi. In such situations, there are likely two or more languages are spoken by bilingual, both active and passive. As well as the choice of language used in conversations between Tika, Fika, and Qiani is language Batak South Tapanuli. However, they are still talking with a few words of Indonesian. People outside the ethnic Batak when hearing the speech will say they do not use language Batak as a whole because they said Indonesian.Consider the example of the speech below.
(1) Qiani : Imada, tai dong tugas nai kak, got makkarejo on tugas kai (2) Fika : Imada, anggo film baru biasana di panggar2kon doi (3) Mbak tika : Wa… biade kabar mu nggi?
(4) Fika : Unjung hu bege, tai nape do unjung uida iklan nai.
(5) Fika : Sukses ma da kak. Lancar bimbingan nai, aamiin.
The language in the speech that used all three of the above figures suffered a language equality. There are some words that have the same name with the Indonesian, the word task, new movies, news, advertisement, successful, smoothly, and guidance. The speech is not always a direct representations of the elements of the meaning of the element. In fact occurs assortment of intent can be expressed in a speech or otherwise. In connection with many intentions may be communicated by the narrative a speech (in Wijana Leech, 1996: 10-11). Aspects to be considered in the study of pragmatic one of which is the purpose of the speech.
The forms of speech uttered by the speaker is motivated by the intent and purpose. Forms of speech are manifold can be used to express a common purpose or otherwise assorted intent which can be expressed with the same speech. In this regard, the speech made by Qiani, Fika, and Tika in five sentences above, using a language that has the same meaning as Indonesian. Despite the fact that sound the same sentence with the Indonesian language but is essentially controlled by the speech language Batak South Tapanuli.Basically in this illocutionary speech acts are not disputed tuturannya function because of the meaning contained in the sentence uttered.
Basically, Qiani, Fika, and Tika wear Batak language South Tapanuli types. The language selection depends on factors that we already know, such as the participants, the atmosphere, the topic, and so on. Diglossia happened in that conversation has been very good, using language Batak South Tapanuli well. Only, there are some sentences that are expressed in Indonesian. This happens because the words that will be discussed there in Batak language, supported also talks reflex speakers to reveal the sentence. In terms of the context of South Tapanuli Batak language used is very simple because the context happens is casual chat among fellow students and the age difference is not so far away. About the strategy of indirect disclosure of little use because it is essentially an indirect speech act is costly and risky as stated by Thomas (1994).
Enriching Quality and Providing Affordable Education through New Academia | 59 Conclusion
Conversations Batak South Tapanuli conducted by the speaker and hearer 1 and hearer 2 occur speech act illocutionary expressive reject a bid to get a response back a rejection, usually with in the ethnic Batak according to the speaker in rejecting an offer no discomfort to expressing the will of the hearer will then ask the speaker solution or provide solutions to rejection. Batak language use in speech interference still occurs Indonesian code because there are some words that have the same name in Indonesian.
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