AN ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS USED
BY MARCUS BURNETT IN BAD BOYS II FILM
MUHAMMAD HASITS
NIM:102026024530
ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT
LETTERS AND HUMANITIES FACULTY
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY
SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH
AN ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS USED BY
MARCUS BURNETT IN BAD BOYS II FILM
A Thesis
Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for
The Degree of Strata One (S1)
MUHAMMAD HASITS
NIM:102026024530
ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT
LETTERS AND HUMANITIES FACULTY
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY
SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH
ABSTRACT
Muhammad Hasits “An Analysis of Language Function used by Marcus Burnett in Bad Boys II film”, English Department, Faculty of Humanities, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University 2006.
The main objective of this research is to find out language function interference in English language which is used by Marcus Burnett in Bad Boys II film.
This study applies descriptive method and the objective of this method is making systematic, factual and accurate data and types of population. The unit of analysis of this research is seven conversation of that language that used by Marcus Burnett and other participants in Bad Boys II film which presents language function.
From the analysis, the writer concludes that the main character, Marcus Burnett uses some language and their functions. From the language he often uses informal language, and he tend to use an emotive function to show his feelings, whether it is happiness or his sadness and even his like or dislike to other people.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Praise in only for Allah SWT, Lord of the Universe. With His love and mercy, the writer has strength to finish this paper. Without it, he is nothing.
On this occasion, the writer would like to thank his beloved parents and his sisters who have given him their finance, facility, and support during the study and making this paper.
Then, the writer would like to thank his supervisor Drs. H. Abdul Hamid, M.Ed. who has advised him patiently and punctually in reading the contents of this paper, and for his helpful comments on it.
The writer would also like thanks:
1. Dr. Abdul Chair, MA, the Dean of Faculty of Adab and Humanities, Dr. Muhammad Farkhan, M.Pd, the Head of English Letters Department, Drs Asep Saefudin, MPd, the Secretary of English Letters Departement, and all the staff of Faculty of Adab and Humanities.
2. The staff of UIN Jakarta Library, the staff of Atma Jaya University Library, and the staff of University of Indonesia Library.
3. Sururi Al Faruq and Susilo Himawan. You all are so special for me.
4. Zamratul Khairah, thanks for best support and still survive for me.
(Pengusaha) etc. Keep struggle, don’t ever to give up, I believe all of you can make it.
Finally, the writer realizes that this paper is far from being perfect, therefore he needs suggestions and critics from everyone that will encourage him to continue his study.
Jakarta, November 2006
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
Communication represents media interaction of human being in submitting information, opinion and heart feeling1. Communications consisted of two kinds; they are verbal communication and non verbal communication. Verbal communication is communication by using words said or oral language. While non verbal communication is a communication which uses article as its media. To keep interaction, all speakers try to develop their communication whether it is a verbal or non verbal with purpose that the communications are always opened, the verbal communication is likely to become more special priority to keep interaction, because with verbal communication, each other can be more successful to make interesting the opponent of the speaker. These matters happen because they have intonation, style of speaking and body language.
When we talk about a language asa communication instrument, we can not disregard human being as speakers. The speakers of a language will be very influenced by their social environment, a place where the speaker come from. In this case, language language can show what social classes the speaker have, what types of educational level they have, what types of environment they come from and others.
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Language can be classified into oral and written language. The oral language is a language which uses instrument of our oral, but the written language is generally used instrument of immanent stationery although there is correlation with element of other body to produce written language. Some examples of the written language are newspaper, magazine, poem, prose, short stories and others. Some examples of oral language in electronic media are TV, film, radio and so on. On the context of language, we will know about language function, language function can be seen from oral and written language. Language function represents about a language from its function. It can be presents what the true meaning from a language.
Film represent work of art by using oral language. It is very popular or famous for the children, adolescent and adults. The writer uses the film as an object of his research because through this film, the writer want to know what kind the true meaning from the conversation in which present the social identity of Marcus Burnett in film “ Bad Boys II”.
In this case, the writer is interested to study language function in a film of “Bad Boys II”. Moreover the writer also wants to study in depth about:
- Marcus Burnett is a special figure in this film. In this film he uses some types of language to communicate with his opponent who have different background. And the writer wants to know what kind of language function that used by Marcus Burnett.
B. Focus of the Study
This research is focused on the language functions that used by Marcus Burnett and some figures of other speakers that support in the conversation. C. Research Question
In this paper the writer will analyze two main questions as the research question:
1. What types of language functions are mostly used by Marcus Burnett in Bad Boys II film?
2. What the background of language function that used by Marcus Burnett in Bad Boys II film?
D. Significance of the research
The writer hopes the result of this research will assist the readers in studying language function and have some beneficiaries for those who want to study in depth about English. By knowing language function, the writer also hopes that the result of this study will be useful for the students who want to improve their study of literature.
E. Research Methodology
1. The Objective of Research
The objective of this research is to describe language function aspects such as; language function concepts, language as its functions, and the type of language function in Bad Boys II film.
This research uses descriptive method. Descriptive analytic method is accumulation of base data without testing the hypothesis. The objective of this method is making systematic, factual and accurate data and types of population2. 3. Data Analysis
To analyze the data, the writer uses theories which have relation with language function given by Janet Holmes, Dell Hymes, Thomas Pyles and Algeo John.
Thomas Pyles and Algeo John explains the criteria to classify language function. Janet Holmes explains the background, social factors and social dimensions in which be reason someone choose one certain language. One other supporting theories Dell Hymes also explains about an ethnographic framework as various factors that make someone uses certain language.
4. The Instrument of Research
As a qualitative research, the study does not need a test as an instrument to get the data. This research makes the writer himself as the main instrument. Being informed with the theories, the writer tries to identify and group the language used by the character that is considered in Bad Boys II film.
5. Unit Analysis
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The unit analysis of this paper is Bad Boys II film by Michael Bay.
6. Time and Place of Research
This research was analyzed in eight semesters 2005/2006 in English Department Faculty of Humanities Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta.
CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Language and Society
Hymes has proposed and ethnographic framework which takes into account the various factors that are involved in speaking3. Ethnography of a communicative event is a description of all the factors that are relevant in understanding how that particular communicative achieves its objectives.
The setting and scene of speech are important. Setting refers to the time and place. Scene refers to the abstract psychological setting, or the cultural definition of the occasion.
The participants include various combinations of speaker – listener, addressor – addresser, or sender – receiver.
Ends refers to the conventionally recognized an expected out comes of an exchange as well as to the personal goals that participants seek to accomplish on particular occasions.
Act sequence refers to the actual form and content of what is said: the precise word used how they are used and the relationship of what is said to the actual topic at hand.
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Key refers to the tone, manner, or spirit in which a particular message is conveyed: light-hearted, serious, precise, pedantic, mocking, sarcastic, pompous, and so on.
Instrumentalities refers to the choice of channel, like as oral written or telegraphic and to the actual forms of speech employed, such as the language, dialect, code or register that is chosen.
Norms of interaction and interpretation refers to the specific behaviors and proprieties that attach to speaking and also to how these may be viewed by someone who does not share them, like as loudness, silence, and gaze return and so on.
Genre refers to clearly demarcated types of utterance: such things as poems, proverbs, riddles, sermons, prayers, lectures, and editorials.
In the other hand there are two aspects of language behavior a very important from social point of view:
1. The function of language in establishing social relationship.
2. The role played by language in conveying information about the speaker.
reflections of the fact that there is a close interrelationship between language and society4.
B.Discourse Analysis
Discourse analysis is the examination of language use by me mbers of speech community. It involves looking at both language form and language function and includes the study of both spoken interaction and written texts. It identifies linguistic features that characterize different genres as well as social and cultural factors that aid in our interpretation and understanding of different text and types of talk. A discourse analysis of written texts might include a study of topic development and cohesion across the sentences, while an analysis of spoken language might focus on these aspects plus turn-taking practices, opening and closing sequences of social encounters, or narrative structure.
The study of discourse has developed in a variety of disciplines-sociolinguistics, anthropology, sociology, and social psychology. Thus discourse analysis takes different theoretical perspectives and analytic approaches: speech act theory, interactional sociolinguistic, and ethnography of communication, pragmatics, conversation analysis, and variation analysis5. Although
4Peter Trudgil, 1974. Sociolinguistics: An Introduction. Great Britania. P. 14 5
each approach emphasizes different aspects of language use, they all view language as social interaction.
This digest focuses on the application of discourse analysis to second language teaching and learning6. It provides examples of how teachers can improve their teaching practices by investigating actual language use both in and out of the classroom, and how students can learn language through exposure to different types of discourse.
Discourse is often defined in two ways: a particular unit language (above the sentence), and a particular focus (on language use). These two definitions of discourse reflect the difference between formalist and functionalist paradigms7.
“Structural” “Functional”
Structure of language (code) as grammar
Structure of speech (act, even) as ways of speaking
Use merely implements, perhaps limits may correlate with, what is analyzed as code; analysis of code prior to analysis of use.
Analysis of use prior to analysis of code organization of use discloses additional features and relations; shows code and use in integral (dialectical) relation.
Referential function, fully semantic zed uses as norm.
Gamut of stylistic or social functions.
Celce-Murcia, M,. & Olshtain,E. (2000). Discourse and context in language teaching. New York: Cambridge University Press.
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sense)
Speech community as matrix of code repertoires, or speech speech and of languages, taken for granted or arbitrarily postulated.
Fundamental concepts taken as problematic and to be investigated
C.The Basic Function Language
Any effort to simplify our complex use of language by reducing its infinite variety to a few basic functions must be somewhat arbitrary8. Neat little lists are always to be distrusted. Yet they are convenient and do not great harm as long as everyone remembers that the limits they impose are artificial. For convenience, we will say that language has seven basic functions:
a. Informative function of language is the one we often think of as its main purpose. It is language used to tell what the speaker believes, to give information about things and to reason about facts.
b. Interrogative function of language includes all questions that need answer.
c. Expressive function of language is the use of words to reveal something about the feelings and attitudes of the speaker.
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d. Evocative function of language is tries to create feelings in the hearer. Its aims are to amuse, startle, anger, soothe, worry or please.
e. Perfomatory function of language is to be the action that it states.
f. Directive, whereas the typical sentence pattern for directive utterances is the imperative, with an actual or implied subject you, the typical pattern for perfomatory statement has I as its subject.
g. Phatic language includes everyday small talk that we use to establish rapport, make contact with our fellows, and assure mutual good will9.
Janet Holmes introduce social factors and social dimension in which be reasons someone tend to choose one certain language and all type descriptive analysis social factors component interaction from Janet Holmes are include:
1. The participants: who is speaking and who are they speaking to.
2. The setting or social context of the interaction: where are they speaking.
3. The topic: what is being talked about? 4. The function: why are they speaking10?
Janet Holmes also introduce social dimension in which have related with social factors. Social dimension are include:
1. Social distance scale that is explain relation between intimate participants or depend on how far a participant know other participant.
2. Status scale, explain relation between each participants in which have higher or lower social class compared with other participants.
9
Ibid p.234
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3. Formality scale, explain interaction type (formal-informal). 4. Function scale, explain interaction purpose11.
There are a number of ways of categorizing the functions of language.
D. The Biography of Marcus Burnett
Marcus Burnett (Martin Lawrence) is a detective that is working in Miami Police Department (Miami PD) with his partner Mike Lowrey. They worked under supervision of Captain Howard to handle and eradicate narcotics and drugs that dominate Miami.
Marcus Burnett is happily married man. He has three children, they are James Burnett, Megan Burnett and Quincy Burnett from his lovely wife Theres a Burnett. Marcus has one sister that is Syd, also a police and work as agent from DEA.
As a father, husband, and brother, Marcus sometimes show his dominance in the family. It is because Marcus love his family so much and sometimes Marcus is over possessive for what he has, especially his family. Marcus always wants to spend more time with his family, but it is just an imagination. For Marcus, whatever Mike does make him in a danger situation. In addition, Marcus is high temperament person, easy gets angry and cannot control his emotion. After Marcus knows that Mike loves his sister, he doesn’t
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DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text.
Jakarta, November 23 2006
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The Synopsis Bad Boys II Film
Mike Lowrey and Marcus Burnett, who are part of the Miami PD’s Tactical Narcotics Team (TNT), still do not always get along, and now they are keeping secrets from each other. Mike’s secret is that he’s bee seeing Marcus’ sister, Sydney “Syd” Burnett, a reported paper pusher for the DEA’s New York office. Marcus’s secret is that he asked for a transfer, because he wants to spend more time with his family, and less time with Mike. That’s all set aside when their Boss, Captain Howard, assigns them to stop the flow of record amounts of ecstasy into the city. This puts Mike and Marcus on the trail of the most dangerous enemy that they have ever faced…Cuban drug kingpin Hector Juan Carlos “Johnny”.
