METODE PERBA
SAWIT (
Elaeis guin
DA KULTUR JA
PUSAT PE ELITIA
M.
LITIA KELAPA SAWIT, SUMATERA UT
. AZHRI A
AS JAMBAK
A24060583
ME AGRO OMI DA HORTIKULTUR
FAKULTAS PERTA IA
ii
RI GKASA
M. AZHRI A AS JAMBAK. Metode Perbanyakan Bahan Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) secara Konvensional dan Kultur Jaringan di Unit Usaha Marihat, Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit, Sumatera Utara. (Dibimbing oleh AHMAD JU AEDI).
iii
METODE PERBA YAKA BAHA TA AMA KELAPA
SAWIT (
Elaeis guineensis
Jacq
.
) SECARA KO VE SIO AL
DA KULTUR JARI GA DI U IT USAHA MARIHAT,
PUSAT PE ELITIA KELAPA SAWIT, SUMATERA UTARA
"
1 + &
M. AZHRI A
AS JAMBAK
A24060583
DEPARTEME AGRO OMI DA HORTIKULTURA
FAKULTAS PERTA IA
I STITUT PERTA IA BOGOR
iv
, METODE PERBA YAKA BAHA TA AMA KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) SECARA KO VE SIO AL DA KULTUR JARI GA DI U IT USAHA MARIHAT, PUSAT PE ELITIA KELAPA SAWIT, SUMATERA UTARA
2 ,M. AZHRI A AS JAMBAK
2+ ,A24060583
" 3
Dr. Ir Ahmad Junaedi, MSi IP. 19681101 199302 1 001
3 4 0
1 + &
Dr. Ir. Agus Purwito, M.Sc.Agr IP. 19611101 198703 1 003
v
RIWAYAT HIDUP
vi
KATA PE GA TAR
" " 0 4 =5
-2
! “Metode Perbanyakan Bahan Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) secara Konvensional dan Kultur Jaringan di Unit Usaha Marihat, Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit, Sumatera Utara”
$ + !
3 % +
3 % & 5
-&05 !
" % “Pengujian Perbandingan
Hasil Bobot Tandan dan Jumlah Biji per Tandan antara Anak Daun ormal dengan Anak Daun Menggulung pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit”
vii
>
!
.! + ! ; ! # 2 ?
!
)! $ 3 % +
3 %
!
7! $ 3 4 0
+ &
!
'! & $ + $ +++
" !
! 5 - " 4 0 <*(
!
! 4 - # ! 1 4! ! 9 > 4 $ 4! ! ! $ @
9 4! ! % !
!
!
! $ !
viii
DAFTAR ISI
0
341549 54&;6!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!A
341549 84 &49 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!A
341549 64 +942 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! A
ix
; + 642 342 4942 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!. ... 60 ... 60 341549 54 4 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.
x
DAFTAR TABEL
2 0
! 5 5 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
! 6
- !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
(! 5
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*
*! 5 & !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*(
/! 5 4 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*7
.! 0 " - & " 5 & 5
xi
DAFTAR GAMBAR
2 0
! & & !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!/
! 5 5 & 5 5 C !!!!!!!!.
(! : !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! '
*! Reciprocal Recurrent Selection! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! /
/! & , & 3
# & Turbo Vertical.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!(.
xii
*! 5 4 , Planlet 5 9 !!!!!!!!!!*7
/! & 5 Pre ursery!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*' .! & 5 Main ursery!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*'
)! # 5 *- ' !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!/*
xiii
DAFTAR LAMPIRA
2 0
! 4 3 2 4 3 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!./
! B !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!..
(! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.'
*! 4 = & 5 #
% Assisted Pollination !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)/
/! 4 = & 5 #
In Vitro !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!).
.! 5 " 3 % + !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!))
)! 5 " 3 % !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!))
7! # 5 * E ' !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)7
'! 3 $ 0 # & !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)7
! 9 & 5 & " 5 4
PE DAHULUA
Latar Belakang
! +
Oleagineux +90: " '7
'7/! "
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection 99 Family
and Individual Palm Selection 1+ $ - $
Center de Coopération Internationale en Recherche
Agronomique pour le Développement'Cultures Pérennes C+943-C #
6 '' ! ; "
! 3 #
$ true'to'type !
-(
! "
" !
" % G " 0
& 5 & " 5 4 3 2
4 3 5 H ! ;%
"
"
!
Tujuan
"
" " # $
# % assisted pollination
" in vitro !
% "
" "
*
TI JAUA PUSTAKA
Botani Tanaman Kelapa Sawit
3 $
$ # !
C 6 ! 7
$ ,
3 % ,Embryophyta Siphonagama
,Angiospermae
: ,Monocotyledonae
1 ,Aracaceae Palmae
$ ,Cocoideae
monocious "
/
! 6 Mesocarpium
C : JCrude Palm Oil !
(! 6 Endocarpium :
JPalm Kernel Oil!
8 ! & &
3 " kernel ,
! " Spermodermis # sheel!
.
/-(/
# - !
Tipe Tanaman Kelapa Sawit
" " .
endokarp -7 endosperm # #
)
female steril !
"
# % $ "
. !
Pembungkusan Bunga
7
! " !
- / ! 5
)
6 '' !
Penyerbukan
4
Panen Tandan Benih
5 . - ./ !
! 4 "
" ! 5
# ! 6
'
- 8 Tirathaba sp. Marasmius sp.
6 ''( !
Perbanyakan Kultur Jaringan
"
A 3 Elaeis melanococca #
"
- " andromorphic
!
- " sex ratio
)/!7F ).!*F " andromorphic!
- ( sex ratio # F
" 7 !(F " !
- # " "
Sumber Eksplan
"
inflorescence !
-! ;
Metode Kultur Jaringan
5 ! 5 5
Fenomena Tahapan Waktu (bulan)
"
;
-(
- *
rhizogenesis
E *
4
hardening prenursery
-(
METODE MAGA G
Tempat dan Waktu
- !
Metode Pelaksanaan
" $
Pengamatan dan Pengumpulan Data
*
Analisis Data
4 $ $! 0
#
- !
-" ! 3 % G "
" "
H " " - $ /F
/
KEADAA UMUM LOKASI MAGA G
Sejarah Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Unit Marihat
C .
' . Algemeene Proefstation der 4B9: 4 4 ! 4B9:
Alegemeene Vereniging Van Rubber Planters ter Oostkust van Sumatera
" & ! 0
-4 -4 #
! 3 ++
'/
GDeli Planters VerenigingH!
9 +
- & !
'/) 4B9: " 8
84 ;9 ! 4 4 &
84 ;9 9+ 4 Research Institute of the Sumatera
Planters Association! &
2 ! *)D D/) 3 '/) 9+ 4
& Cess
9+ 2 ! / (D D: D D ') /
3 ') ! " " 4 '). 9+ 4 4 &2
')7 & &
3 9+
)
Visi dan Misi
Visi PPKS
! " world'class institution
" # !
! " Center of Excellence " #
" !
(! " # business research
#
Struktur Organisasi
7
Lokasi dan Letak Geografis
N//< 6
Keadaan Tanaman
'
8 (! :
DIREKTUR
Ka. Bidang Penelitian Ka. Biro Umum/ SDM
Ka. Bidang Usaha Ka. Satuan Usaha Strategis Bahan Tanaman
Ka. Urusan Satuan Pengawas Internal
- 5
- & 5
- 5 4
- Engineering
" 5 !
% '7*- '7/ !
) % 3A /*
3A ) 7 6 !
5 ! 6
&
-o Lokasi Jumlah Pohon
Pohon Ibu Pohon Bapak
! )/* *
! 4 # *).
( ! & 7
* ! 3 - 9 / *.
Total 7032 187
HASIL PELAKSA AA KEGIATA MAGA G
Standar Seleksi Pengadaan Bahan Tanaman Kelapa Sawit PPKS Skema Seleksi. 3
!
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection 99 Family and Individual Palm Selection 1+ !
D $ !
99 8 *
# combining ability % 4 &
# ,
comparative trial/ progeny test! "
$ $ lini %
- $
- selfing , 3A3
selfing Specific
Combining AbilityD C4 # !
D $ !
Kriteria Pemilihan. "
(
Persiapan Pohon Induk!
*
! " ! 2
D ! 2
! 3 "
! 2
! #
/
8 *! Reciprocal Recurrent Selection et al! '') !
3 3 3 3" 5 5 5
GRUP TE ERA
2+-?4-6 - - 4-3 -&
GRUP DURA
34-6 -3?-9 - 4-3 & -8&
SELEKSI DURA
3 Selfing3 A 3"
SELEKSI TE ERA
5 Selfing 5 A 5
4 5 A
;9&42?4 42 6:246 :
PE GUJIA PROGE Y ;9 +642842 3+ A 5 D3+ A
4 +42 8C4 342 C4
PRODUKSI KECAMBAH
M
30A50 Juta Kecambah
3 , 3 $
3 , 3 A 3"
$ , 5 $ $ , 5 A 5 D5 A
.
Pengadaan Bahan Tanaman secara Konvensional 1. Proses Produksi Tepung Sari (Pollen)
Inspeksi bunga jantan! +
Pembungkusan bunga jantan! "
anthesis! " "
# ! & "
bagging 8 / ! 4 bagging
" ! bagging "
" bagging stelkolar
pollen! & "
!
penduncle !
" " bagging
)
8 /! & , & 3
& 3
"
penduncle
$ !
Panen bunga jantan.
. -) F # $ !
- / !
"
! 5
#
!
7! - ! =+& =
+ & & !
-"
% ! 5 "
8 . 6 5
form # !
7
8 .! & 3
Persiapan tepung sari. 5
( " air conditioned room
" ! 5
" ( "
! 5 "
-8 ) ! 5
8 ) .
bagging " box of manipulation
! " >
/ /NC !
5 box of
manipulation ! 4
7-D ! 5 !
!
!
4 $ !
& "
'
! box of manipulation!
5
$ / !
I ! / ! 4
(
2. Proses Produksi pada Pohon Ibu Inspeksi bunga betina.
(
" !
Pembungkusan bunga betina. 6 ''( "
#
8 7 !
! 0 "
!
8 7! & & 3
& - - /
anthesis!
8 ' !
5
#
!
5 bagging "
. - ) 8 '# !
" ! 5
! 5
#
(
#
8 '! & & , & &
& & 3 # & & 3
#
% ! # ,
!
anthesis!
$ !
0
#
# ! &
# !
Penyerbukan bunga betina.
. F
! 6 '7'
$ ! &
"
" I /
((
pulper plastic
bottle # " talk
! & pulper
(*
!
8 ! 6 & & 3
6 ''(
! " ,
- 5
!
- 5 #
% !
- = # !
- 8 Tirathaba sp. Marasmius sp.
Panen tandan benih.
# - ! 5 #
! !
5 * - / !
# 8 ! 5
$ ! & "
(/
3. Teknis Pengadaan Kecambah Persiapan Benih.
(.
! &
" !
#
8 (! & , 5 6 # # 5
# & 3 Turbo Vertical.
depericarper/ depulper! 3 %
turbo vertical 8 (# turbo horizontal! 1
" turbo vertical # / - (
turbo horizontal */
! turbo horizontal
"
turbo vertical
()
8 *! C &
Pematahan dormansi dan pengecambahan benih.
(7
Pengadaan Bahan Tanaman secara Kultur Jaringan 1. Sumber Eksplan!
Metode Kloning. 5
# "
Center de Coopération Internationale en Recherche
Agronomique pour le Développement'Cultures Pérennes C+943-C #
6 '' ! ; "
! 3 #
$ true'to'type !
Skema Seleksi. D
Pengambilan Sumber Eksplan.
('
" Oryctes rhinocheros
8 / ! 5
! 3
" " "
" " !
2. Proses Produksi Bahan Tanam
Pencucian dan pembersihan alat. &
*
/F
8 . !
8 .! # # 4
4 -
-! 4 washery room
# # /F testube
!
Sterilisasi. 9 autoclave
$
# 8 ) ! .'
/ ! &
NC /
autoclave! &
$ !
"
*
8 )! 4 , Autoclave & Autoclave #
Pembuatan Media.
D ! 3
! & ,
1 ;354 % + % ++
> 0!
8 7! 3 &
" "
$ 5 ( ! 8 1 '')
$
$ !
*
autoclave # D
! : /7
Transfer Bahan Kultur jaringan. $
! $
$ "
**
8 '! + , ; 4 ; 3 (*
( "
! 9 "
" 6 -. F
" ? /- F (-/ ! "
8 et al ''. !
Pembentukan embrio!
(* /7
8 ! $! "
" ! 6 7
$!
8 et al. ''.
% ! F
-* / F
/- ( F - * F
! B " " !
*/
Penumbuhan dan Perbanyakan embrio! ;
/7 '
8 ! 8 1 '''
$
7 - ! ; "
" !
# $ cauologenic
*.
Perakaran. *(
*)
#
8 1 ''' !
" / # !
!
# '/F 8 et al ''. !
8 ! + 4 -9
3. Aklimatisasi dan Pembibitan Aklimatisasi.
in vitro ! !
! & !
" !
!
*7
5 /! 5 4
2 5 4
4
&
( C
* 3 "
3 5 /
4!
& C! #
! green house
# / F!
" # I/ !
/ # A # !
, ( , !
8 * ! =
! $
! "
8 * !
8 *! 5 4 , Planlet 5 9
*'
Pre ursery.9 - ( pre
nursery # / F! C
" ! 4 "
!
" " 2 . ,
. , ) , ! ! & pre
nursery ( - * 8 / ! !
8 /! & 5 Pre ursery
Main ursery. main nursery
(/ # A * #
# ! & main nursery
)- ' !
" 2 / , . , * !
" ! 4 "
!
/
Seleksi Bibit. $
$
-! 5 - I ' !
0 "
!
,
! 3 !* # !' # !
! 5 (*!/ # *) # !
(! 7 # "
* # !
*! 5 " "
" R ( # Q ( # !
/! C # - #
" !
.!
/
PEMBAHASA
Proses Pengadaan Bahan Tanaman Pengadaan Bahan Tanaman Secara Konvensional. 5
# %
assisted pollination ! 5
5 3 % &93D !
Pengadaan Bahan Tanaman Secara Kultur Jaringan. in vitro "
"
-/
" inflorescence!
- ! ;
,washery room media preparation sterilization roo
transfer room lighted culture room dark culture room meeting room kasa
house. recording
data !
"
/(
Tenaga Kerja
/*
Produksi dan Harga Bahan Tanam
Kapasitas Produksi. # *
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
//
5 ! 0
" 8 et al. ''* !
6 lighted culture
room # (
Harga Bahan Tanaman! "
# ! 0 #
pre nursery!
/.
Keunggulan Perbanyakan Bahan Tanaman
& %
& &
/7
genetic vulnerability !
somaclonal variation!
" %
Pengujian Perbandingan Bobot Tandan dan Jumlah Biji per Tandan antara Anak Daun ormal dengan Anak Daun Menggulung pada
Tanaman Kelapa Sawit
0 % - " "
/'
inbreeding depression
!
6 '7' assisted pollination
.
KESIMPULA DA SARA
Kesimpulan
.
! 3 %
! %
" %
.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
3 ! )! 8 +
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU! '''!
.*
./
6 ! 4 3 2 3
! 4
! 4 3 2
4
..
" 5&
.'
6 (!
o Tanggal Uraian Kegiatan Divisi/ Lokasi Pembimbing
D (D - /D (D - 5 !
- " "
% !
- " % &93D
- % &93D Crossing Plan 4
5 B $ !
- " pre' nursery
main nursery " !
- 6+& 9 . !
- # $
!
- " 3 % PCD P4
Quality ControlDQuality Assurance!
)
6 (! 6 "
o Tanggal Uraian Kegiatan Divisi/ Lokasi Pembimbing
- " 3 % 0 5
0 5 feromon
$
1 Ganoderma "
# !
-)
6 (! 6 "
o Tanggal Uraian Kegiatan Divisi/ Lokasi Pembimbing
- $
pyrosequencing sequencing324 !
)
6 (! 6 "
o Tanggal Uraian Kegiatan Divisi/ Lokasi Pembimbing
)(
6 (! 6 "
o Tanggal Uraian Kegiatan Divisi/ Lokasi Pembimbing
)*
6 (! 6 "
o Tanggal Uraian Kegiatan Divisi/ Lokasi Pembimbing
- $
nursery main nursery!
)/
6 *! 4 = & 5 #
% assisted pollination
& 6
+ .
&
&
# &
2 (
).
6 /! 4 = & 5 #
in vitro
; : +
*- *
-+
-+ D
-+ "
4 D
-(
Pre nursery
(-*
Main nursery
' 6
))
" Bagging (
( Cleaning Service
)7
)'
6 ! 9 & 5 & " 5 4 3
2 4 3
, 3 % 7- '
o
Daun ormal Daun Menggulung
