METODE PERBA
SAWIT (
Elaeis guin
DA KULTUR JA
PUSAT PE ELITIA
M.
DEPARTEME
I ST
ERBA YAKA BAHA TA AMA KELA
guineensis
Jacq
.
) SECARA KO VE SIO
UR JARI GA DI U IT USAHA MARIH
LITIA KELAPA SAWIT, SUMATERA UT
. AZHRI A
AS JAMBAK
A24060583
ME AGRO OMI DA HORTIKULTUR
FAKULTAS PERTA IA
I STITUT PERTA IA BOGOR
2011
i
KELAPA
SIO AL
RIHAT,
RA UTARA
ii
RI GKASA
M. AZHRI A AS JAMBAK. Metode Perbanyakan Bahan Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) secara Konvensional dan Kultur Jaringan di Unit Usaha Marihat, Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit, Sumatera Utara. (Dibimbing oleh AHMAD JU AEDI).
! "
" " #
$ # %
" % "
" "
!
"
! &
# % assisted pollination " in vitro !
' (' " #
#
)* " !
% "
! #
" " "
# % " ! +
# "
,
!(-.!/ ! 0
" - % "
-- " "
iii
METODE PERBA YAKA BAHA TA AMA KELAPA
SAWIT (
Elaeis guineensis
Jacq
.
) SECARA KO VE SIO AL
DA KULTUR JARI GA DI U IT USAHA MARIHAT,
PUSAT PE ELITIA KELAPA SAWIT, SUMATERA UTARA
"
1 + &
M. AZHRI A
AS JAMBAK
A24060583
DEPARTEME AGRO OMI DA HORTIKULTURA
FAKULTAS PERTA IA
I STITUT PERTA IA BOGOR
iv
, METODE PERBA YAKA BAHA TA AMA KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) SECARA KO VE SIO AL DA KULTUR JARI GA DI U IT USAHA MARIHAT, PUSAT PE ELITIA KELAPA SAWIT, SUMATERA UTARA
2 ,M. AZHRI A AS JAMBAK
2+ ,A24060583
" 3
Dr. Ir Ahmad Junaedi, MSi IP. 19681101 199302 1 001
3 4 0
1 + &
Dr. Ir. Agus Purwito, M.Sc.Agr IP. 19611101 198703 1 003
v
RIWAYAT HIDUP
& 2 +
4 6 ! %
'77!
32 ((7
! 5 ( 65 2 *
. 42 ! 5 .
+ & " +
+ & ) 3
4 0 1 + &!
" $
0+ 489:2 0
4 " $ 3 % 3
3 "
3 3 0;9&46<** 1 93 1 9 3
$ 3 % : 4
: 3 + 4 + & + 4
" 3 % 3 !
% 7 '! 5
" 4 3
vi
KATA PE GA TAR
" " 0 4 =5
-2
! “Metode Perbanyakan Bahan Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) secara Konvensional dan Kultur Jaringan di Unit Usaha Marihat, Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit, Sumatera Utara”
$ + !
3 % +
3 % & 5
-&05 !
" % “Pengujian Perbandingan
Hasil Bobot Tandan dan Jumlah Biji per Tandan antara Anak Daun ormal dengan Anak Daun Menggulung pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit”
!
3
,
! 4 2 + 4 6
#
!
! 3 ! + ! 4 !
% !
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3 4 0 + &!
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vii
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9 4! ! % !
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! $ !
viii
DAFTAR ISI
0
341549 54&;6!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!A
341549 84 &49 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!A
341549 64 +942 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! A
;2340 6 42 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
6 & ... 1
5 " ... 3
5+2 4 42 54 4!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!* & 5 ... 4
5 5 ... 6
& ... 7
... 8
5 & ... 8
... 9
; ... 11
5 ... 11
;5:3; 48428 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ( 5 = ... 13
... 13
3 ... 13
4 3 ... 14
;43442 6: 4 + 48428!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! / " ... 15
B ... 17
: ... 17
6 6 8 $ ... 18
5 ... 18
04 +6 ;64 42442 ;8+4542 48428!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! & 5 ... 21
& 5 # % ... 26
& 5 # ... 38
; &404 42 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!/ & 5 ... 51
5 " ... 53
0 & 5 ... 54
& 5 ... 56
ix
; + 642 342 4942 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!. ... 60 ... 60 341549 54 4 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.
x
DAFTAR TABEL
2 0
! 5 5 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
! 6
- !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
(! 5
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*
*! 5 & !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*(
/! 5 4 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*7
.! 0 " - & " 5 & 5
xi
DAFTAR GAMBAR
2 0
! & & !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!/
! 5 5 & 5 5 C !!!!!!!!.
(! : !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! '
*! Reciprocal Recurrent Selection! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! /
/! & , & 3
& 3 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! )
.! & 3 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 7
)! 5 , 5
5 5 # & Pulper
& 5 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! '
7! & & 3 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!(
'! & & , & &
& & # & & 3 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!(
! & & !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!((
! 6 & & 3 !!!!!!!(*
! 5 , 5 3
6 + !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!(/
(! & , 5 6 # # 5
# & Turbo Vertical.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!(.
*! C & !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!()
/! : , :
3 : # : = 4 !!!!!!!!!!!('
.! # # 4 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*
)! 4 , Autoclave & Autoclave # !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*
7! 3 & !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*
'! + , ; 4 ; (* !!!!!!!!!!!!!**
! 5 /7 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*/
! 5 ; , 8 5
# 5 D !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*.
! + 4 -9 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*)
xii
*! 5 4 , Planlet 5 9 !!!!!!!!!!*7
/! & 5 Pre ursery!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*' .! & 5 Main ursery!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*'
)! # 5 *- ' !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!/*
xiii
DAFTAR LAMPIRA
2 0
! 4 3 2 4 3 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!./
! B !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!..
(! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.'
*! 4 = & 5 #
% Assisted Pollination !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)/
/! 4 = & 5 #
In Vitro !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!).
.! 5 " 3 % + !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!))
)! 5 " 3 % !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!))
7! # 5 * E ' !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)7
'! 3 $ 0 # & !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)7
! 9 & 5 & " 5 4
PE DAHULUA
Latar Belakang
"
% + ! C
+ #
3 ) !
+
! 7 C : + # ) /(' )77
# ' 7** ' ! 6
7 ) (.( 7*) "
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" Institut de Recherches pour les Huiles et
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% !
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection 99 Family
and Individual Palm Selection 1+ $ - $
# ! %
'7*- '7/ ! ) %
3A /* 3A ) 7 3 !
"
" !5
# "
Center de Coopération Internationale en Recherche
Agronomique pour le Développement'Cultures Pérennes C+943-C #
6 '' ! ; "
! 3 #
$ true'to'type !
-(
! "
" !
" % G " 0
& 5 & " 5 4 3 2
4 3 5 H ! ;%
"
"
!
Tujuan
"
" " # $
# % assisted pollination
" in vitro !
% "
" "
*
TI JAUA PUSTAKA
Botani Tanaman Kelapa Sawit
3 $
$ # !
C 6 ! 7
$ ,
3 % ,Embryophyta Siphonagama
,Angiospermae
: ,Monocotyledonae
1 ,Aracaceae Palmae
$ ,Cocoideae
8 ,Elaeis
, !E. guineensis #@ !E. oleifera 0!&! C (!E. odora!
Elaeis guineensis #@! # $
" "
" ! 9 > ''* "
! "
I ) - " !
" I / ! 3
" # ! 5
I
I ( !
3 "
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# / -* !
monocious "
/
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I . !
! &
8 ,
! 6 Epicarpium !
! 6 Mesocarpium
C : JCrude Palm Oil !
(! 6 Endocarpium :
JPalm Kernel Oil!
8 ! & &
3 " kernel ,
! " Spermodermis # sheel!
! 5 Funiculus!
(! + " ucleus seminis !
3 #
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9 > ''* !
6 ''
7 E "
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; #
#
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# - !
Tipe Tanaman Kelapa Sawit
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8 ! 5 5 & 5 5 C
! 5 3
5 # -# mesokarp #
endokarp -7 endosperm # #
! (/-. F )- 7 F!
! 5 $
5 # -#
# # # ! + #
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5 $ ! $
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A / F L / F
A $ / F L / F $
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&
3 $ ! & %
( F ! 0
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6 $
$
female steril !
"
# % $ "
. !
Pembungkusan Bunga
5 #
! "
# ! 5 " "
6 '' !
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#
7
! " !
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6 '' !
Penyerbukan
4
- #
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6 '' !
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! 5
" ! 5
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- 6
'' !
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- 5
!
- 5 #
% !
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6 ''( !
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$ !
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!
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Metode Kultur Jaringan
5 #
"
C+943-C # 6 '' ! ;
" ! 3
# $ true'to'type .
5 "
5 ! 5 5
Fenomena Tahapan Waktu (bulan)
"
;
-(
- *
rhizogenesis
E *
4
hardening prenursery
-(
METODE MAGA G
Tempat dan Waktu
- !
Metode Pelaksanaan
" $
! 3 #
#
% " # $
- $ !
3 % G " " "
H % # # random sampling &
& & %
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# - ) !
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Pengamatan dan Pengumpulan Data
, "
" #
% ( # "
"
! %
# "
*
Analisis Data
4 $ $! 0
#
- !
-" ! 3 % G "
" "
H " " - $ /F
/
KEADAA UMUM LOKASI MAGA G
Sejarah Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit Unit Marihat
C .
' . Algemeene Proefstation der 4B9: 4 4 ! 4B9:
Alegemeene Vereniging Van Rubber Planters ter Oostkust van Sumatera
" & ! 0
-4 -4 #
! 3 ++
'/
GDeli Planters VerenigingH!
9 +
- & !
'/) 4B9: " 8
84 ;9 ! 4 4 &
84 ;9 9+ 4 Research Institute of the Sumatera
Planters Association! &
2 ! *)D D/) 3 '/) 9+ 4
9+
& : !
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&
3 2 + ! ! +M
9+ 2 ! (/(D D: D D '.7 3 '.7! ')
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3 0 4 (+ 2 !
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4 + 4 + !
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& 9 4 4 +
4 + 2 ! (D94-4 +D++D ''.
4 + "
4 +
3
!
-!
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! % D
)
Visi dan Misi
Visi PPKS
! " world'class institution
" # !
! " Center of Excellence " #
" !
(! " # business research
#
$ !
Misi PPKS
!
$ $ $ !
! "
" D
!
(! 3 "
D !
*!
" #
!
Struktur Organisasi
3 &
& D 3 &
! & "
5
& 5 5
7
; " 6
;
-! & D 3
3 0 4
9 5 ! &
6 !
&
# ! 3 3
+ +
" 3 !
" 8 (!
Lokasi dan Letak Geografis
N//< 6
''N /< & " 5 (.' "
(/ ! 0 " - 7*
NC 'NC " > 0
-/! -.! ! &
!
Keadaan Tanaman
"
5 2 +B! 6
()! 7 # ! ) )!
! 3 3 % + "
$
! ! 4 # ! !
3 - ) ( "
$ 7) ! ! 3
'
8 (! :
DIREKTUR
Ka. Bidang Penelitian Ka. Biro Umum/ SDM
Ka. Bidang Usaha Ka. Satuan Usaha Strategis Bahan Tanaman
Ka. Urusan Satuan Pengawas Internal
- 5
- & 5
- 5 4
- Engineering
6
- 5
- 0
- ;
- ! 3 O
0
- ! 4
O
- ! 9
5
- ! - !
- ! O
- !
- ! 6 O
- BreedingD 9 O 3
- +
-- PCDP;
- O
6
" 5 !
% '7*- '7/ !
) % 3A /*
3A ) 7 6 !
5 ! 6
&
-o Lokasi Jumlah Pohon
Pohon Ibu Pohon Bapak
! )/* *
! 4 # *).
( ! & 7
* ! 3 - 9 / *.
Total 7032 187
HASIL PELAKSA AA KEGIATA MAGA G
,
% - %
# % assisted pollination 3 % +
# " in vitro
3 % ! "
% G " 0 & 5
& " 5 4 3 2 4 3
5 H! " 6 (!
Standar Seleksi Pengadaan Bahan Tanaman Kelapa Sawit PPKS Skema Seleksi. 3
!
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection 99 Family and Individual Palm Selection 1+ !
D $ !
99 8 *
# combining ability % 4 &
# ,
8 4 3 "
!
8 & $ 5
$ # !
5 - 4
& " "
comparative trial/ progeny test! "
$ $ lini %
- $
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3 5A5 5A 5 et al., '') !
et al '') 99
!
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% !
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# !
!
# #
( -* # - !/
!
*
! " ! 2
D ! 2
! 3 "
! 2
! #
/
8 *! Reciprocal Recurrent Selection et al! '') !
3 3 3 3" 5 5 5
GRUP TE ERA
2+-?4-6 - - 4-3 -&
GRUP DURA
34-6 -3?-9 - 4-3 & -8&
SELEKSI DURA
3 Selfing3 A 3"
SELEKSI TE ERA
5 Selfing 5 A 5
4 5 A
;9&42?4 42 6:246 :
PE GUJIA PROGE Y ;9 +642842 3+ A 5 D3+ A
4 +42 8C4 342 C4
PRODUKSI KECAMBAH
M
30A50 Juta Kecambah
3 , 3 $
3 , 3 A 3"
$ , 5 $ $ , 5 A 5 D5 A
.
Pengadaan Bahan Tanaman secara Konvensional 1. Proses Produksi Tepung Sari (Pollen)
Inspeksi bunga jantan! +
! # . -7 !
" #
" ! - /
!
"
"
!
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" %
% !
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& 3
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#
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form # !
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# ! 5 #
!
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talk # # ! & pulper
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2. Proses Produksi pada Pohon Ibu Inspeksi bunga betina.
#
!
# !
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, " "
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! 0 #
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3. Teknis Pengadaan Kecambah Persiapan Benih.
8 ( !
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# # spikelet stalk
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fruit set R F! 5
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!
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8 (! & , 5 6 # # 5
# & 3 Turbo Vertical.
depericarper/ depulper! 3 %
turbo vertical 8 (# turbo horizontal! 1
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tray )/ # A */ # A 7 # ! &
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Pengadaan Bahan Tanaman secara Kultur Jaringan 1. Sumber Eksplan!
Metode Kloning. 5
# "
Center de Coopération Internationale en Recherche
Agronomique pour le Développement'Cultures Pérennes C+943-C #
6 '' ! ; "
! 3 #
$ true'to'type !
Skema Seleksi. D
% $ % -$ 8 et al
''. ! 4 #
" , '- D
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# D " crown disease !
Pengambilan Sumber Eksplan.
" !
! :
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8 /# ! :
$ " !
#
8 /! : , :
5 3 : # : 3 = 4
&
$ #
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8 / ! 5
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2. Proses Produksi Bahan Tanam
Pencucian dan pembersihan alat. &
!
# #
#
"
! &
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*
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8 . !
8 .! # # 4
4 -
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# # /F testube
!
Sterilisasi. 9 autoclave
$
# 8 ) ! .'
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NC /
autoclave! &
$ !
"
*
8 )! 4 , Autoclave & Autoclave #
Pembuatan Media.
D ! 3
! & ,
1 ;354 % + % ++
> 0!
8 7! 3 &
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$
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5 (! 5
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PEMBAHASA
Proses Pengadaan Bahan Tanaman Pengadaan Bahan Tanaman Secara Konvensional. 5
# %
assisted pollination ! 5
5 3 % &93D !
# %
% 3 % &93D
3 % + 3 % 3 % 3 % PCD P4
Quality Conrol/ Quality Assurance 6 * ! 3 % &93D
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data !
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Produksi dan Harga Bahan Tanam
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35 40 26 39 46 39 0 10 20 30 40 50
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
//
5 ! 0
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