i
ERRORS ON SPEECH PRODUCTION MADE BY THE FIRST AND THE THIRD SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT OF UII IN SPEAKING CLASS FOR ACADEMIC YEAR 2016/2017
THESIS
Submitted to the Department of Language Studies, Graduate School of Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Education
By:
AKHADIYATUS SHOLIHAH.TS S200150013
DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE STUDIES GRADUATE SCHOOL
ii
NOTE OF ADVISOR I
Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M.Hum
Lecturer of Magister of Language Study Post Graduate Program Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Officially Note of Akhadiyatus Sholihah.TS’s Thesis Dear,
The Director of Graduate Program of Magister of Language Study of Post Graduate Program Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Assalamualikum, Wr. Wb.
Having read, examined, corrected, and necessary revised the thesis of: Name : Akhadiyatus Sholihah.TS
NIM : S200150013
Program : Magister of Language Study Focus on : Teaching Approaches
Title : ERRORS ON SPEECH PRODUCTION MADE BY THE
FIRST AND THE THIRD SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF UII IN SPEAKING CLASS FOR ACADEMIC YEAR 2016/2017
I state that this thesis is approved to be examined by the board of examiners in the Magister of Language Study of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Wassalamualaikum, Wr.Wb.
Surakarta, January 17, 2017 First advisor
iii
NOTE OF ADVISOR II
Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D.
Lecturer of Magister of Language Study Post Graduate Program Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Officially Note of Akhadiyatus Sholihah.TS’s Thesis Dear,
The Director of Graduate Program of Magister of Language Study of Post Graduate Program Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Assalamualikum, Wr. Wb.
Having read, examined, corrected, and necessary revised the thesis of: Name : Akhadiyatus Sholihah.TS
NIM : S200150013
Program : Magister of Language Study Focus on : Teaching Approaches
Title : ERRORS ON SPEECH PRODUCTION MADE BY THE
FIRST AND THE THIRD SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF UII IN SPEAKING CLASS FOR ACADEMIC YEAR 2016/2017
I state that this thesis is approved to be examined by the board of examiners in the Magister of Language Study of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Wassalamualaikum, Wr.Wb.
Surakarta, January 17, 2017 Second advisor
v
DECLARATION
I am of the writer of the thesis
Name : Akhadiyatus Sholihah.TS
NIM : S200150013
Program : Magister of Language Study Focus on : Teaching Approaches
Title : ERRORS ON SPEECH PRODUCTION MADE BY THE
FIRST AND THE THIRD SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF UII IN SPEAKING CLASS FOR ACADEMIC YEAR 2016/2017
Certify that this thesis is definitely my own work. I am completely responsible for its content. I absolutely state that this thesis is no plagiarism or made by someone else. The other works related to this thesis have been written in the form of quotation. The sources of this thesis have been listed in the bibliography.
Surakarta, January 17, 2017
vi
MOTTO
ٍراماث اَِب ِراجَشلااك ٍلاماع اَِب ُمْلِعْلا
vii DEDICATION
This research is dedicated to:
My lovely daddy: H. Trimo Fahrudiono, S.Ag.
&
My lovely Mom: Hj. Siti Hidayati
Whom I respect My lovely daddy and Mom
Through love, patience, and full of optimism in educating me and leading me until the end of my study in demanding the science in Magister of Language Study
Program, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. Gratitude that priceless, always flows in my lip. The difficulties that I have found never emerge in front of
me, because of your love and your attention that make me stand up to meet the future to be better.
Allāhummagfirlī ẓunūbī waliwālidaiyyā warḥam
viii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, the researcher wants to say Alhamdulillahi Robbil’alamin, many thanks to Allah SWT, the Almighty the researcher has been able to complete this thesis and only with his blessing this thesis can be accomplished.
The researcher is sure that this thesis will not be complete without the help of the other. The researcher would like to express the deepest appreciation for all those who have given their hands to finish my thesis. My thanks go to following persons:
1. Prof. Dr. Khudzaifah Dimyati, SH, M.Hum, as the rector of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
2. Prof. Dr. Markhamah, M.Hum, as the head of language study program Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
3. Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M.Hum, the first consultant and Mauly Halwat H., Ph.D, the second consultant that have vacated a lot of time to guide me writing the thesis until the end of the process. “Thanks for your sincere, patience in guiding me”.
4. Abah and Umi as the source of my support and strength that never lose from me until the end of making this thesis.
5. Ani Susilawati, M.Hum and Erni Zuliana, M.Pd.I as my oldest sisters and my lovely youngest sister Malikatun Hasanatil Marwah, thanks for supporting me, and advising me.
6. All of families that have supported me to finish this thesis.
ix
motivation, and also all of various side that cannot be told one by one by the writer.
Finally, the researcher realizes that this research is still far from being perfect. Therefore, any criticism and suggestion for the improvement of this thesis will be warmly welcomed.
Surakarta, January 17, 2017 The writer
x
F. Research Paper Organization ... 8
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE A. Previous Study ... 10
B. Underlying Theory ... 36
C. Theoretical Framework ... 54
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD A. Type of the Study ... 57
xi
C. Data and Data source ... 57
D. Technique for Collecting Data ... 58
E. Technique for Analyzing Data ... 59
F. Validity of the Data ... 61
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION A. Research Findings ... 63
B. Discussion of the Findings ... 99
CHAPTER V A. Conclusion ... 110
B. Pedagogical Implication ... 114
C. Suggestion ... 115 BIBLIOGRAPHY
xii
ERRORS ON SPEECH PRODUCTION MADE BY THE FIRST AND THE THIRD SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF UII IN SPEAKING CLASS FOR ACADEMIC YEAR
2016/2017
AKHADIYATUS SHOLIHAH.TS S200150013
Language Post Graduate Program Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Email: akhadiyatussholihah.teil@gmail.com
Abstract
This study describes errors on speech production made by the first and the third semester students of English Education Department of UII in speaking class for academic year 2016/2017. The aims of this research are to describe the types of errors and frequency, the dominant error, the similarities and differences, and the error sources made by the first and the third semester students. This is qualitative research study. In collecting the data, the researcher collects the audio recording, listens and makes the script from the audio recording, read the script and identifies the data, selects the data, and classifies the type of speech error. In analyzing the data, the researcher uses the theory of Clark and Clark and Dulay, Burt, and Krashen (1982), and James (1998). The result indicates that the total errors are 294 which contains of speech error 80.61%, morphological error 7.82% and syntactical errors 11.56% which is made by the first semester students and The total errors are 322 which contains of speech error 95.05%,
morphological error 2.79% and syntactical errors 2.17% made by the third semester
students. The dominant error of the first semester is silent pause, while filled pause is the dominant error made by the third semester students. The similarities of errors are silent pause, filled pause, repeats, unretraced false, retraced false, stutter, interjection, slip of
tongue, word selection, omission of bound morpheme s-es plural, omission of –ing, and
addition of –ing. The error differences made by the first and the third semester students
are in the correction, switching to L1, omission of be as auxiliary verb, of omission of article, addition of be as auxiliary verb, misordering of noun phrase and misordering of modal have to. The error sources are cognitive reason and situational anxiety.
xiii Abstrak
Penelitian ini menjelaskan kesalahan pada produksi pidato yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa semester I dan mahasiswa semester III jurusan pendidikan bahasa Inggris di UII di kelas speaking tahun akademik 2016/2017. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan jenis kesalahan dan frekuensi, dominan, persamaan dan perbedaan, dan sumber-sumber kesalahan yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa semester I dan mahasiswa semester III. Penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Dalam pengumpulan data, peneliti mengumpulkan rekaman audio, mendengarkan dan membuat script dari rekaman audio, membaca naskah dan mengidentifikasi data, memilih data, dan mengklasifikasikan jenis kesalahan pidato. Dalam menganalisis data, peneliti menggunakan teori Clark dan Clark dan Dulay, Burt, dan Krashen (1982), dan James (1998). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa total kesalahan 294 yang mengandung kesalahan pidato 80,61%, morfologi error 7,82% dan kesalahan sintaksis 11,56% yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa semester I dan total kesalahan yang 322 yang mengandung kesalahan pidato 95,05%, kesalahan morfologi 2,79% dan kesalahan sintaksis 2,17% dibuat oleh mahasiswa semester III. Kesalahan dominan dari semester I adalah jeda diam, sementara jeda isi adalah dominan kesalahan yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa semester III. Kesamaan kesalahannya adalah jeda diam, jeda isi, pengulangan, unretraced palsu, menelusuri palsu, gagap, kata seru, keseleo lidah, pilihan kata, kelalaian terikat morfem s-es jamak, kelalaian -ing, dan penambahan -ing. Perbedaan kesalahan yang dibuat oleh mahasiswa semester I dan mahasiswa semester III adalah koreksi, beralih ke L1, penghilangan kata kerja be sebagai kata kerja auxiliary,
pengurangan article, penambahan kata kerja be sebagai kata kerja auxiliary, misordering
dari frase kata benda dan misordering dari modal have to. Sumber kesalahannya adalah kesulitan kognitif dan keadaan cemas.
xiv
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1. The Differences between Previous Studies and Current Study ... 18
Table 4.1. The Frequency of Errors on Speech Production Made by the First Semester Students of English Education Department of UII... 82
Table 4.2. The Rank of the Data Errors From the Highest to the Lowest ... 84
Table 4.3 The Frequency of Errors on Speech Production Made by the Third Semester Students of English Education Department of UII... 85
Table 4.4. The Rank of the Data Errors from the Highest to the Lowest ... 86
Table 4.5. The Results Errors between First and Third Semester Students ... 87
Table 4.6 The Differences and Similarities of Types of Errors between the First Semester and the Third Semester ... 93
xv
LIST OF CODES
D1SMT3: Data 1 semester 3 D4SMT3: Data 4 semester 3 D3SMT1: Data 3 semester 1 SMT : Semester
Eiws : Error in word selection
Oobm : Omission of bound morpheme Ootb : Omission of to be