• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

Pengaruh Penambahan Selulosa Nanokristal Dari Kulit Rotan Dengan Plasticizer Gliserol dan Co-Plasticizer Asam Sitrat Dalam Pembuatan Biokomposit Berbahan Dasar Pati Sagu (Metroxylon Sp)

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2017

Membagikan "Pengaruh Penambahan Selulosa Nanokristal Dari Kulit Rotan Dengan Plasticizer Gliserol dan Co-Plasticizer Asam Sitrat Dalam Pembuatan Biokomposit Berbahan Dasar Pati Sagu (Metroxylon Sp)"

Copied!
8
0
0

Teks penuh

(1)

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

[1] Zareena B. I. 2010. “Plastics and Environment”. Dissemination Paper – 12.

Centre of Excellence in Environmental Economics. India : Madras School of

Economics.

[2] Kipngetich T. E dan Hillary M. 2012. “A blend of Green Algae and Sweet Potato Starch as a Potential Source of Bioplastic Production and Its Significance to the Polymer Industry”. International Journal of Green and Herbal Chemistry. 2 (1) : hal. 5-14.

[3] United Nation Enviroment Programme. 2009. “Converting Waste Plastic Into A Resource”. Division Of Technology, Industry and Economics. Osaka : International Enviromental Technology Centre.

[4] Jones A., Zeler M.A., dan Sharma S. 2013. “Thermal, Mechanical, and Moisture Absorption Properties of Egg White Protein Bioplastics with Natural Rubber and Glycerol”. Progress in Biomaterials, 2 (1).

[5] Radecka I.K. 2013. “Biodegradeble Plastics In UK – Past, Present and Future”.

3rd International Plastice Conference. Faculty Of Science & Engineering. UK :

University Of Wolverhampton.

[6] Reddy R.L., Reddy V.S. dan Gupta G.A. 2013 “Study of Bioplastics As Green & Sustainable Alternative To Plastics” International Journal of Engeenering

Technology and Advanced Enginering. 3 (5) : hal. 82-89.

[7] Yuli D., Sri Ismiyati D., Tigor M. 2010. “Influence Concentration of Plasticizer and Formulation of Banana Starch – Chitosan to Mechanical Property and Water Uptake of Bioplastic”, International Journal of Engineering and Science, 1 (4) : hal. 97-104.

[8] Wattanakornsiri A., Pachana K., Kaewpiron S., Sawangwong P. dan Migliaresi C. 2011. “Green Composites of Thermoplastics Corn Starchand Recycled Paper Cellulose Fibers”, Journal of Science and Technology. 33 (4) : hal. 461-467.

[9] Zuraida A., Yusliza Y, Amar H. dan Mohd Khairul M.R. 2012. “The Effect Of Water and Citric Acid on Sago Starch Bio-plastics”, International Food Research

Journal, 19 (2) : hal. 715-719.

[10] Fessenden R.J. dan Fessenden J.S. 1995. “Kimia Organik” , Edisi Ketiga, Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga, hal. 125-127.

(2)

[12] Udin S. 2006. “Rekayasa Proses Tepung Sahu (Metroxylon sp) dan Beberapa Karakternya”. Skripsi. Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian. Bogor : Institut Pertanian Bogor.

[13] Shi R., Zhang Z., Liu Q., Han Y., Zhang L., Chen D., dan Tian W. 2007. “Characterization of Citric Acid/Glycerol Co-Plasticized Thermoplastic Starch Prepared by Melt Blending” Carbohydrate Polymers, 69 : hal. 748-755.

[14] Erfan A. 2014. “Sintesis Bioplastik dari Pati Ubi Jalar Menggunakan Penguat

Logam ZnO dan Penguat Alami Kitosan”. Skripsi. Program Studi Teknik Kimia.

Depok : Universitas Indonesia.

[15] Handayani P.A, dan Wijayanti H. 2015. “Pembuatan Film Plastik

Biodegradeable dari Limbah Biji Durian (Durio zibethius murr)”, Jurnal Bahan

Alam Terbarukan, 4 (1).

[16] Epriyanti N.M.H, Harsojuwono B.A., dan Arnata I.W. 2016. “Pengaruh Suhu dan Lama Pengeringan terhadap Karakteristik Komposit Plasti Biodegradeable dari Pati Kulit Singkong dan Kitosan”. Jurusan Teknologi Industri Pertanian. Denpasar : Universitas Udayana.

[17] Mardiyati C. dan Suratman R. 2014. “Pembuatan Mikrokristalin Selulosa Rotan Manau (Calamus manan sp.) serta Karakterisasinya”, Jurnal Selulosa, 4 (2) : hal 89-96.

[18] Nikmatin S., Sudirman, Idwan L., dan Kurniati M. 2014. “Pengembangan Teknologi Proses Produksi Bionanokomposit Filler Biomassa Rotan”, Jurnal Ilmu

Pertanian Indonesia (JIPI), 19 (3) : hal. 163-168.

[19] Nikmatin S., Purwanto S., Maddu A., Mandang T., dan Aris P. 2012. “Analisis Struktur Selulosa Kulit Rotan Sebagai Filler Bionanokomposit dengan Difraksi Sinar X”, Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia, 13 (2) : hal. 97-102.

[20] Peng B.L, Dhar N., Liu H.L. dan Tam K.C. 2011. “Biocomposite Rainforced with Cellulose and Its Derivates : A Nanotechnology Perspective”, Canadian

Journal Of Chemical Engineering, 9999 : hal 1-16.

[21] Maddahy N.K., Ramezani O., dan Kermanian H. 2012. “Production Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Sugarcane Bagasse”, Iran : Shahid Bahesti University.

[22] Lagaron J.M. dan Rubio A.l. 2011. “Nanotechnology for Bioplastics: Oportunities, Challenges and Strategies”, Novel Material and Nanotechnology

(3)

[23] Lazuardi G.P. dan Cahyaningrum S.E. 2013. “Preparation and Characterization Based Bioplastic Chitosan and Cassava Starch with Glycerol Plasticizer”, Journal

Of Chemistry, 2 (3) : hal. 161-166.

[24] Delvia V. 2006. “Kajian Pengaruh Penambahan Dietilen Glikol sebagai Pemlastis pada Karakteristik Bioplastik dari Poli-β-Hidroksilat (PHA) yang dihasilkan Ralstronia Eutropha pada Substrat Hidrolisa Pati Sagu”, Bogor : Institut Pertanian Bogor.

[25] Nuryetti, Hermansyah H. dan Nasikin M. 2012. “Bionanokomposit: Peluang Polimer Alami sebagai Material Baru Semikonduktor”, Jurnal Riset Industri, 6 (1) : hal 75-85.

[26] Aulia F, Marpongahtun, dan Gea S. 2013. “Studi Penyediaan Nanokristal Selulosa dari Tandan Kosong Sawit (TKS)”. Jurnal Saintia Kimia,1 (2).

[27] Setiawan H., Lutfi M., dan Masruroh. 2014. “Optimasi Plastik Biodegradable Berbahan Jelarut (Marantha arundinacea L) dengan Variasi LLDPE untuk

Meningkatkan Karakteristik Mekanik”.Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Tropis dan

Biosistem, 2 (2) : hal. 124-130.

[28] Thermo Nicolet. 2001. “Introduction Fourier Transform InfraRed Spectrometry”, Madison.

[29] ASTM D792-91. “Standard Test Method for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement”. The American Society for Testing

and Materials. 1991.

[30] ASTM D 638-00. 2005.”Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics’’. An American National Standard.

[31]ASTM 570-98. 2005. “Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics”.

The American Society for Testing and Materials.

[32] Ningwulan M.P.S. 2012. “Pembuatan Biokomposit Edible Film dari Gelatin /

Bacterical Cellulose Microcrystal (BCMC) : Variasi Konsentrasi Matriks, Filler,

dan Waktu Sonikasi”. Skripsi. Departemen Teknik Kimia. Depok : Universitas Indonesia.

[33] Anggraeni A.A. 2013. “Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Sifat Mekanik Biokomposit

Filler Short Fiber Kulit Rotan Hasil Fermentasi dan Hasil Milling”. Skripsi.

Departemen Fisika. Bogor : Institut Pertanian Bogor.

(4)

[35] Laisina V.G. 2014. “Lamanya Waktu Penyinaran dapat Meningkatkan Kekerasan Permukaan Resin Komposit”. Skripsi. Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi. Denpasar : Universitas Udayana.

[36] Kurniawan D., Nikmatin S. dan Maddu A. 2012. “Sintesis Nanopartikel Serat Rami dengan Metode Ultrasonivikasi Untuk Aplikasi Filler Bionanokomposit”,

Jurnal Biofisika, 8 (2), hal : 34-41.

[37] Mostafa H.M.S. 2010. “Studies On Bioplastic For Developing and Evaluating of Drip Irrigation”, Disertation, Faculty Of Agrikultural Sciences, Nutritional Science and Enviromental Management, Justus Liebig University Giessen. hal. 57.

[38] Mukerjee T.K.N. 2013. “Pla Based Biopolymer Reinforced With Natural Fibre: A Review, Di Dalam : Alexander Jones, Mark Ashton Zeller, Suraj Sharma, Thermal, Mechanical, and Moisture Absorbtion Properties of Egg White Protein Bioplastics With Natural Rubber and Glycerol”, Progress In Biomaterials, 2 (12) : hal. 1.

[39] Averous L. 2004. “Biodegradeable Multiphase System Based on Olasticized Starch : Review”, Journal of Macromolecular Science, 44 (3) : hal. 231-274.

[40] Lu D.R., Xiao C.M., dan Xu S.J. 2009. “Starch-based Completely Biodegradeable Polymer Materials”, 3 (6) : hal. 366-375.

[41] Detzel A., Kauertz B., dan Greeven C.D. 2013 “Study of the Environmental Impacts of Packagigs Made of Biodegradeable Plastics”, Institut Fur Energie. hal. 4.

[42] Valentina S., Pietro R., Santina R., dan Marco D.R. 2008. “Biodegradeable Polymers foR Food Packageing: A review”, Trends in Food Science and

Technology. 19 : hal. 634-643.

[43] Jacobs H. dan Delucour J.A. 1998. “Hydrothermal Modification of Granular Starch with Rention of the Granular Structure: Riview”, Journal of Agricultural

and Food Chemical, 46 (8) : hal. 2895-2905.

[44] Robyt J.F. dan Ackerman R.J. 1971. “Isolation, Purification, and Characterization of a Malthose-Producing Amylase from Psedomonas stuzeri”, Arch. Biochem.

Biophys. 145 (1) : hal. 05-14.

[45] Marc J.E.C., Veen B., Uitdehaag, J.C.M., Hans L., dan Dijkhuizen, L. 2002. “Properties and Applications of Starch-Converting Enzymes of The α-Amylase Family”. Journal of Biotechnology 94 : hal. 137–155.

(5)

[47] Eui-Jum C., Chang-Hyeon K., dan Jung-Ki P. 1999. “Systesys and Characterization of Starch-g-Polycaprolactone Copolymer”, 32 : hal. 7402-7408.

[48] Chen D. 2013. “Biocomposites Reinforced with Cellulose Nanocrystals Derived From Potato Peel Waste”, Mc Master University.

[49] Sumaiyah. 2014. “Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Selulosa Mikrokristal dan Nanokristal Tandan Aren (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.) dan Penggunaannya Sebagai Eksipien dalam Tablet Natrium Diklofenak”, Medan : Universitas Sumatera Utara.

[50] Namikaze L. 2014. “Struktur dan Metabolisme Karbohidrat”, Jakarta : Universitas Negeri Jakarta.

[51] Klemm D., Philipp B., Heinze T., Heinze U., dan Wagenknecht W. 1998. “Fundamentals and Analytical Methods”. Comprehensive Cellulose Chemistry, : hal. 1, 14, 18.

[52] Gea S. 2010. “Innovative Bio-Nanocomposites Based on Bacterial Cellulose”. A Thesis Submitted to The University of London for The Degree of Doctor of

Philosophy, 14 : hal. 36-37.

[53] Arioen R. 2011. “Kajian Perlakuan Awal Secara Basa dan Enzimatis untuk Menghidrolisis Ampas Tebu Menjadi Gula Reduksi”, Lampung : Universitas Lampung.

[54] Habibi Y., Lucia L.A., dan Rojas. 2010. “Cellulose Nanocrystals: Chemistry, Self-Assembly, and Applications”. Chemical Reviews, 110 : hal. 3479– 3500.

[55] Aulia F., Marpongahtun, dan Gea S. 2013. “Studi Penyediaan Nanokristal Selulosa dari Tandan Kosong Sawit (TKS)”. Jurnal Saintia Kimia,1 (2).

[56] Wilense R.C., de Boer A.P., Van Dan J., dan Gotsis A.D. 1998. “Co-continious

Morphologies in Polymer Blends: A New Model. Polymer”, 39 (24) : hal.

5879-5887.

[57] Marbun E.S. 2012. “Sintesis Bioplastik dari Pati Ubi Jalar Menggunakan Penguat Logan ZnO dan Penguat Alami Selulosa”, Skripsi, Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Depok : Universitas Indonesia.

(6)

[59] Sanjaya I.G. dan Puspita T. 2011. “Pengaruh Penambahan Khitosan dan Plastisizer Gliserol Pada Karakteristik Plastik Biodegradable dari Pati Limbah Kulit Singkong”. Jurusan Teknik Kimia. Surabaya : Institut Teknologi Surabaya.

[60] Paulo da Silva G., Matthias M., dan Jonas C. 2009. “Glycerol :A Promising and Abundant Carbon Source for Industrial Microbiology”, Biotechnology advances, 27 : hal. 30-39.

[61] Rossi M. 2008. “Glycerol : Properties and Production”,Future Of Glycerol, ISBN : 978-0-85404-124-4.

[62] Hermawati Y., Rofieq A., dan Wahyono P. 2015. “Pengaruh Konsentrasi Asam Sitrat Terhadap Karakteristik Ektrak Antioksidan Daun Jati serta Uji Stabilitasnya

dalam Es Krim”, Program studi Biologi, Malang : Universitas Muhammadiyah

Malang.

[63] SIDS Initian Assessment Report. 2001. “Citric Acid”, 77 (92).

[64] John M.J dan Thomas S. 2008. ‘’Biofibres and Biocomposites’’. Carbohydrate

Polymers, 71: hal. 343–364.

[65] Hanisyah S.S, Chi H.C, Chin H.C, Sarani Z. dan Shafirah N.S.J. 2015. “Isolation of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Kenaf Core”. Sains Malaysiana, 44 (11) : hal 1635-1542.

[66] Wichang L., Rui G., Yong L., Yi Z., Wei X. dan Yuanming Z. 2013. “Preparation and Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals Reinforced Collagen Composite Films”.

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 102 (4) : hal 1131-1139.

[67]Bilbao-Sainz C, Bras J, Williams T, Sénechal T dan Orts W. 2011. ‘’HPMC Reinforced With Different Cellulose Nano-Particles’’. Carbohydrate Polymers, 86 : hal. 1549-1557.

[68]Hongjia L, Yu G, Longhui Z dan Xiong L. 2013. ‘’Morphological, Crystalline, Thermal and Physicochemical Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals Obtained from Sweet Potato Residue’’. Food Research International, 50 : hal. 121–128.

[69] You W.C., Thean H.T., Hwei V.L. dan Sharifah B.A.H. 2017. “Easy Fabrication of Highly Thermal-Stable Cellulose Nanocrystals Using Cr(NO3)3 Catalytic

Hysdrolysis System: A Feasibility Study from Macro- to Nano Dimensions”.

Materials, 10 (42).

(7)

[71] Xiao Y.T., Sharifah B.A.H. dan Chin W.L. 2015. “Preparation of High Crystallinity Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs) by ionic liquid Solvolysis”. Biomass

and Bioenergy, 81 : hal 584-591.

[72]Shaoping Q., Huanhuan Z. dan Kuichuan S. 2017. “Cellulose Nanowhiskers from Moso Bamboo Residues: Extraction and Charactirization”. Bioresources, 12 (1) : hal 419-433.

[73] Wie L., Rui W. dan Shouxin L. 2011. “Nanocrystalline Cellulose Prepared From Softwood Kraft Pulp Via Ultrasonic-Assisted Acid Hydrolysis”. Bioresources, 6 (4) hal : 4271-4281.

[74]Juan I.M, Vera A.A, Viviana P dan Cyras A.V. 2008. ‘’Extraction of cellulose and preparation of nanocellulose from sisal fibers’’. Cellulose, 15 : hal. 144-159.

[75]Guangping H, Siqi H, jingquan H, Zhen Z dan Qinglin W. 2013. ‘’Effect of Acid Hydrolysis Conditions of Cellulose Nanoparticle Reinforced Polymethylmethacrylate Composites’’. Materials, 7 : hal 16-29.

[76]Anupama K dan Ramanpreet K. 2016. ‘’ Thermoplastic Starch Nanocomposites

Reinforced With Cellulose Nanocrystals: Effect of Plasticizer on Properties’’.

Composite Interfaces, ISSN : 0927-6440.

[77]Rumpoko W, Khaswar S, Indah Y dan Muhamad N. 2013. ‘’Cellulose Nanofibers

from Cassava Bagasse: Characterization and Application on Tapioca-Film’’.

Chemistry and Materials Research, 3 (13) : hal. 79-87.

[78]Fui K.L, Sinin H, Rezaur R, Mohamad R, Josephine C.H.L, Faruk H dan M Rahman. 2015. ‘’Synthesis and Characterization of Cellulose from Green Bamboo by Chemical Treatment with Mechanical Process’’. Journal of Chemistry, March. (Hindawi Publishing Corporation).

[79]Karim Z.Z, Chowdhury, Bee S, Hamid A dan Ali E. 2014. “Statistical Optimization for Acid Hydrolysis of Microcrystalline Cellulose and Its Physiochemical Characterization by Using Metal Ion Catalyst,” Materials, 7 : hal. 6982–6999.

[80]Feng H., Xiao J.W., Yan Y. dan Yan H.L. 2015. “Preparation and Properties of Cellulose Laurate (CL)/ Starch Nanocrystals Acetat (SNS) Bio-Nanocomposites”.

Polymers,7 : hal 1331-1345.

[81]Cao X., Chen Y., Chang P.R., Stumborg M. dan Huncault M.A. 2008. “Green

Composites reinforced with Hemp Nanocrystals in Plasticized Starch. Polymers, 109 : hal (3804-3810).

[82] Majdzadeh-Ardakani K. dan Nazari B. 2010. “Improving the Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastics Starch/ Poly(vinyl alcohol)/ Clac Nanocomposite”.

(8)

[83] Nurain J. dan Ishak A. 2012. “Morphological, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Starch Biocomposite Film Reinforced by Cellulose Nanocrystals From Rice Husks”. Bioresources, 7 (4) : hal 5488-5577.

[84]Xiaofei, Jiugao M. Y., John and Kennedy. 2005. “Studies on the Properties of Natural Fibers-Reinforced Thermoplastics Starch Comosites. Carbohydrate

Polymers, 62 : hal 19-24.

[85]Babak G, Hadi A dan Ali A.E. 2010. ‘’Improving The Barrier And Mechanical Properties of Cornstarch Based Edible Films: Effect of Citric Acid And Carboxy Methyl Cellulose’’.

[86]Zimmermann T, Bordeanu N dan Strub E. 2010. ‘’Properties of Nanofibrillated Cellulose from Different Raw Materials and Its Reinforcement Potential’’.

Carbohydrate Polymers, 79 : hal. 1086-1093.

[87]Rodriuez E.S., Giacomelli F. dan Vazquez A. 2010. “Study of Saturated and Unsaturated Permeability in Natural Fiber Fabrics”. Composites, 59 (9) : hal 2257-2267.

[88]Melissa B A, Bashir A, Shanna Marie M.A. dan Famille M.P. 2014. ‘’Bioplastic Based on Starch and Cellulose Nanocrystals from Rice Straw’’. Journal of

Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 24 : hal. 2205–2213.

[89]Ning L. 2014. “Cellulose Nanocrystals: Surface Modification and Advanced Materials”. Sigillum Universitatis Gratianopollitane, France.

[90]Rodrigo O.T. 2015. “Development and Characterization of Corn Starch Film by Blending with More Hydrophobic Compounds”. Doctoral Thesis. Universitat Politenvia De Valencia. Program de Doctorado, Valencia.

[91]Halimatuddahliana N., Yurnaliza, Veronicha dan Irmadani. 2017. “Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose Microcrystalline (MCC) from Fiber of Empty Fruit Bunch Palm Oil”. Materials Science and Engineering, hal. 180.

[92]Devi B.E, Nurul H.R, Asep B.D.N dan Ahmad M. 2015. ‘’Sintesis Nanoselulosa’’.

Jurnal Integrasi Proses, 5 : hal. 61-74.

[93] Fasihuddin B. A., Peter A. Williams A., Jean-Louis D., Sylvie D. dan Alain B. 1999. “Physico-chemical characterisation of sago starch”. Carbohydrate Polymer, 38 : hal 361-370.

Referensi

Dokumen terkait

Serta untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan selulosa nanokristal dari rotan dengan plasticizer gliserol dan co-plasticizer asam asetat terhadap karakteristik

Sedangkan kekurangan dari material komposit seperti tidak dapat digunakan pada temperatur lebih dari 400 o F dan kekakuan tidak terlalu tinggi dibandingkan dengan logam

Dari gambar di atas terlihat bahwa penambahan selulosa nanokristal (NCC) dan asam asetat terhadap sifat kekuatan tarik biokomposit diperoleh nilai kekuatan tarik tertinggi adalah

Gambar L4.6 Hasil Analisis FT-IR Biokomposit dengan NCC dan Asam Asetat.. L4.7 HASIL ANALISIS SEM ( SCANNING ELECTRON