IMPLEMENTASI TEKNOLOGI ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DALAM SISTEM KEAMANAN UNI EROPA
Disusun dan diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar Sarjana Sosial (S.Sos) Strata-1
SKRIPSI
OLEH :
MAHENDRA LANTANG PAMUNGKAS 201710360311247
JURUSAN ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL
FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2021
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KATA PENGANTAR
Dengan memanjatkan puja dan puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah melimpahkan rahmat, taufik, dan hidayah-Nya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini dengan judul “Implementasi Teknologi Artificial Intelligence dalam Siostem Keamanan Uni Eropa”, sebagai syarat untuk
menyelesaikan Program Sarjana (S1) Program Studi Hubungan Internasional Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
Penulis menyadari bahwa selama proses pembuatan skripsi ini terdapat banyak kendala dan hambatan. Namun berkat do’a, dukungan, dan bimbingan dari orang-orang terdekat, penulis akhirnya dapat menyelesaikan tugas akhir ini. Oleh karena itu, pada kesempatan ini penulis ingin menyampaikan banyak terima kasih kepada orang-orang yang telah memberikan bantuan maupun dukungan kepada penulis hingga akhinya skripsi ini terselesaikan:
1. Terima kasih kepada kedua oranguta penulis, yaitu Bapak Satrio dan Ibu Ira Reindira yang telah memberikan dukungan moral maupun materil kepada penulis selama menjalani masa perkuliahan, terutama saat proses pengerjaan skripsi. Berkat do’a dan dukungan yang diberikan oleh ayah dan ibu, sehingga penulis diberi kemudahan dalam proses penelitian dan penyusunan skripsi ini.
2. Terima kasih kepada Bapak Hafid Adim Pradana, MA selaku dosen pembimbing penulis yang telah banyak membantu penulis dalam proses penyusunan skripsi ini. Terima kasih atas arahan, bimbingan dan dukungannya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini dengan baik. Segala kebaikan yang bapak berikan tidak akan pernah penulis lupakan.
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3. Terima kasih banyak kepada seluruh Bapak dan Ibu dosen Prodi Hubungan Internasional atas ilmu dan pengalaman yang diberikan selama penulis berkuliah.
4. Terimakasih kepada teman teman Universitas Discord dan Chroma yang telah banyak membantu, mendukung, dan menemani hari-hari penulis selama berkuliah di Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. Terima kasih atas segala yang pernah diberikan dan dukungan terhadap penulis.
5. Terima kasih kepada Sir Alvet yang telah memberikan banyak inspirasi, sejarah-sejarah Eropa dan kekuasaan Ratu Elizabeth serta membantu penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini.
6. Terima kasih kepada Tiyo Makmur yang telah memberikan rekomendasi hiburan untuk menghilangkan stress saat mengerjakan skripsi dan juga hadiah- hadiah yang diberikan yang sangat membantu penulis untuk menyelesaikan skripsi ini
7. Terakhir, Cindy Rezma Fanny yang telah memberikan dukungan data, traktiran, pinjaman laptop, serta semangat untuk penulis agar menyelesaikan skripsi ini secara cepat dan tepat waktu.
Malang, 7 September 2021
Mahendra Lantang Pamungkas
vii DAFTAR ISI
BERITA ACARA BIMBINGAN SKRIPSI ... ii
PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ... iii
ABSTRAK ... iv
ABSTRAC ... v
KATA PENGANTAR ... vi
HALAMAN MOTTO ... viii
DAFTAR ISI ... ix
DAFTAR TABEL ... xii
DAFTAR GRAFIK ... xiii
DAFTAR SINGKATAN ... xiv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ... 17
1.1 Latar Belakang ... 17
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ... 22
1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian ... 22
1.3.1 Tujuan Penelitian ... 22
1.3.2 Manfaat Penelitian ... 23
1.4 Penelitian Terdahulu ... 23
1.5 Kerangka Teori/Konsep ... 41
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1.5.1. Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) ... 42
1.6 Metodologi Penelitian ... 46
1.6.1 Jenis Penelitian ... 46
1.6.2 Metode Analisis ... 47
1.6.3 Tingkat Analisa ... 47
1.6.4 Variabel Penelitian ... 47
1.6.5 Ruang Lingkup Penelitian ... 48
1.6.6 Teknik Pengumpulan data ... 48
1.7 Argumen Dasar ... 49
1.8 Sistematika Penulisan ... 50
BAB II PERKEMBANGAN SISTEM KEAMANAN DAN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DI UNI EROPA ... 53
2.1 Perkembangan Sistem Keamanan Di Uni Eropa ... 53
2.2 Research and Development AI Di Uni Eropa ... 57
2.3 Regulasi Uni Eropa Mengenai Artificial Intelligence ... 68
2.3.1 Coordinated Plan on Artificial Intelligence ... 68
2.3.2 Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI ... 73
2.3.3 Policy and Investment Recommendations for Trustworthy AI... 75
2.3.4 White Paper on Artificial Intelligence ... 77
2.3.5 Regulatory Framework Proposal on Artificial Intelligence ... 79
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BAB III ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DALAM BIDANG KEAMANAN
DI UNI EROPA ... 82
3.1 Perkembangan Implementasi Teknologi AI Di Uni Eropa ... 82
3.1.1 Proses Implementasi Teknologi AI Di Uni Eropa ... 82
3.1.2 Implementasi AI Di Uni Eropa pada Berbagai Sektor ... 89
3.2 Dorongan Internal Penerapan AI dalam Sistem Keamanan Uni Eropa ... 92
BAB IV PENUTUP ... 105
4.1 Kesimpulan ... 105
4.2 Saran ... 106
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ... 108
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1 Posisi Penelitian ... 31
Tabel 2 Proses Penerapan AI oleh Uni Eropa ... 85
Tabel 3 Penerapan AI Oleh Negara Anggota Uni Eropa ... 87
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DAFTAR GRAFIK
Grafik 1 Tema Penelitian TAILOR ... 67
Grafik 2 Tujuan Kebijakan AI Komisi Uni Eropa ... 70
Grafik 3 Kerangka Kerja Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI ... 74
Grafik 4 Empat Fokus Area Rekomendasi Untuk AI yang dapat Dipercaya ... 76
Grafik 5 Pendekatan Berdasarkan Resiko ... 80
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
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