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ISOLASI NATRIUM ALGINAT DARI TALUS RUMPUT LAUT COKLAT Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agard
ABSTRAK
Rumput laut coklat mengandung beberapa polisakarida yang berbeda antara lain asam alginat (alginat), laminaran (laminarin) dan fukoidan (fukan sulfat).Rumput laut coklat jenis Sargassum sp. satu-satunya alga coklat sebagai komoditi ekspor setelah alga merah.Alginat adalah salah satu jenis polisakarida yang terdapat dalam dinding sel alga coklat dengan kadar mencapai 40% dari total berat kering dan memegang peranan penting dalam mempertahankan struktur jaringan sel alga coklat. Alginat pada industri farmasi digunakan untuk pembuatan suspensi, emulsifier, stabilizer, tablet, salep, kapsul, plester dan filter.Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahuirendemen serta karakteristik natrium alginat yang diperoleh dari isolasi talus rumput laut coklat.
Rumput laut coklat yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agard yang telah diisolasi fukoidannya.Tahapan penelitianmeliputi penyiapan bahan tumbuhan, karakterisasi simplisia, skrining fitokimia, isolasi, dan identifikasi senyawa natrium alginat secara spektrofotometri UV danFourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR).Proses isolasi alginat dibagi dalam tiga tahap, yaitu tahap praekstraksi,isolasi, dan pembuatan natrium alginat.
Hasil karakteristik simplisia darirumput laut coklat Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agardsecara makroskopik berbentuk talus, berwarna coklat kehitaman, berbau khas, dan tidak berasa. Secara mikroskopik serbuk simplisia memperlihatkan adanya sel parenkim, sel parenkim berisi pigmen coklat, sel propagule bersel satu, sel propagule bersel dua, dan sel propagule bersel tiga. Kadar air simplisia 7,20%, kadar sari larut air 64,59%, kadar sari larut etanol 5,38%, kadar abu total 28,06%, dan kadar abu tidak larut asam 1,86%. Identifikasi hasil isolasi senyawa natrium alginat secara spektrofotometri UV dan FTIRbentuk spektrum dan kurva yang sama dengan baku pembanding menunjukkan bahwa senyawa ini adalah natrium alginat. Rendemen natrium alginat yang diperoleh dari isolasi 19,4%. Hasil karakteristik natrium alginat yang dihasilkan antara lain susut pengeringan 12,14%, kadar abu total 47,05%, kadar abu tidak larut asam 6,43%, dan viskositas 25 cps. Hasil karakteristik natrium alginat secara UV panjang gelombang 258,60 nm dan secara FTIR mempunyai gugus hidroksil (O-H), C-H alifatik, karbonil (C=O), ikatan C-O-H, dan ikatan C-O-C.
Kata kunci: Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agard, rumput laut coklat, isolasi, alginat.
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ISOLATION OF SODIUM ALGINATE FROM BROWN ALGAE Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agard
ABSTRACT
Brown seaweed contains several different polysaccharides include alginic acid (alginate), laminaran (laminarin) and fucoidan (sulfate fucan). Brown seaweed Sargassum sp. isthe only brown algae as an export commodity after the red algae. Alginate is one of type polysaccharide found in the cell walls of brown algae with levels reaching 40% of the total dry weight and plays an important role in maintaining tissue structureof brown algae. In the pharmaceutical industry, alginate is used to manufacture the suspension, emulsifier, stabilizer, tablets, ointments, capsules, plasters and filter. The purpose of this study was to determine the yield and characteristics of sodium alginate derived from brown seaweed insulation talus.
Brown seaweedwas used in this study wasSargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agard which have been isolated its fucoidan. Stages of research were include plant materials preparation, characterization powder of dried of Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agard, phytochemical screening, isolation, and identification of compounds sodium alginate with UV spectrophotometry and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR). Process of alginate isolation weredivided into three stages,praekstraction stage, isolation, and the manufacture of sodium alginate.
Results of powder of dried of Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agard characteristics of brown seaweed Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agard macroscopically shaped thallus, blackish brown color, distinctive smell, and tasteless. Microscopically dust simplicia showed parenchymal cells, parenchyma cells contained brown pigment, single celled propagule cells, cell-celled propagule two and three-celled propagule cells. The water content of 7.20% bulbs, water soluble extract content of 64.59%, ethanol soluble extract content of 5.38%, total ash content of 28.06%, and acid insoluble ash content of 21.86%. Identification of the isolated compound sodium alginate spectrophotometry UV and FTIR spectra and curve shapes are the same as the reference standard indicates that the compound is sodium alginate. The yield of sodium alginate obtained from the isolation of 19.4%.The results of the characteristics of sodium alginate was obtained include drying shrinkage 12.14%, 47.05% total ash, acid insoluble ash content of 6.43%, and a viscosity of 25 cps. The results of the characteristics of sodium alginate was 258.60 nm wavelength UV and FTIR had hydroxyl group (O-H), C-H aliphatic, carbonyl (C = O), the C-O-H, and the C-O-C.
Keywords :Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agard, brown seaweed, isolation, alginate.
