S I S T E M I N F O R M A S I
G E O G R A F I S
MI NG G U K E 6 MO D E L D ATA S PA S I A L L A NJ UT A N
M o d e l D a t a
Mod e l d a t a s p a s ia l
t e rd iri d a ri d u a j e n is
y a it u :
1 . Mo d e l D a t a R a s t e r
2 . Mo d e l D a t a V e k t or
Pe m b e n t u k a n d a t a
v e k t or d a ri p e rm u k a a n
b u m i y a n g d ib e n t u k
m e n j a d i d a t a ra s t e r
k e m u d ia n d iola h la g i
M o d e l D a t a R a s t e r
S e m u a ob j e k d a la m m od e l d a t a ra s t e r d is a j ik a n
d a la m b e n t u k s e l y a n g d ik e n a l d e n g a n p ix e l
( p ic t u re e le m e n t ) y a n g m e m b e n t u k g rid .
S e t ia p s e l d a la m m od e l d a t a ra s t e r m e m ilik i
k oord in a t s e rt a in form a s i ( a t rib u t k e ru a n g a n d a n
w a k t u ) .
A k u ra s i m od e l d a t a ra s t e r b e rg a n t u n g p a d a
re s olu s i a t a u u k u ra n p ik s e l d i p e rm u k a a n b u m i.
O b j e k m od e l d a t a ra s t e r d is a j ik a n d a la m b e n t u k
t it ik , g a ris d a n b id a n g ( a re a ) y a n g d is a j ik a n d a n
d iny a t a k a n d a la m t it ik a t a u s e l.
S t r u k t u r P e n y i m p a n a n
M o d e l D a t a R a s t e r
K a ra k t e ris t ik u t a m a da t a
ra s t e r a d a la h b a h w a
d a la m s e t ia p s e l/ p ik s e l
m e m p u ny a i n ila i. Nila i
s e l/ p ik s e l
m e re p re s e n t a s ik a n
fe n om e n a a t a u g a m b a ra n
d a ri s u a t u k a t e g ori.
Polig on y a n g
M o d e l D a t a R a s t e r
K a r a k t e r i s t i k L a y e r R a s t e r
R e s olu s i
◦
D im e n s i lin e a r d a ri s a t u a n t e rk e c il g e og ra p h ic
s p a c e y a n g d ire k a m . S e m a k in k e c il u k u ra n
a t a u lu a s p e rm u k a a n b u m i m a k a s e m a k in
t in g g i re s olu s i s p a s ia lny a .
O rie n t a s i
◦
O rie n t a s i d a la m m od e l d a t a ra s t e r
m e re p re s n t a s ik a n a ra h u t a ra g rid .
Z on e
K a r a k t e r i s t i k L a y e r R a s t e r
Nila i- n ila i
◦
Nila i d a la m m od e l d a t a ra s t e r b e ru p a a t rib u t
in form a s i y a n g d is im p a n d a la m s e b u a h la y e r
s e t ia p p ik s e lny a .
L ok a s i
◦
L ok a s i d a la m m od e l d a t a ra s t e r d iid e n t ifik a s i
d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n k oord in a t x , y.
M o d e l D a t a V e k t o r
S e m u a ob j e k d is a j ik a n s e b a g a i t it ik a t a u
s e g e m e n g a ris .
Me n a m p ilk a n , m e n e m p a t k a n d a n
m e n y im p a n d a t a s p a s ia l d e n g a n
m e n g g u n a k a n t it ik a t a u p olig on b e s e rt a
a t rib u t ny a .
R e p re s e n t a s i b e n t u k d a t a s p a s ia l d a la m
m od e l d a t a v e k t or d e n g a n s is t e m
M o d e l D a t a V e k t o r
E n t i t y T i t i k
S e m u a ob j e k g ra fis a t a u g e og ra fis y a n g
b e rk a it a n d e n g a n k oord in a t x , y.
T it ik m e n g g a m b a rk a n s e b u a h s im b ol y a n g
E n t i t y G a r i s
S e m u a u n s u r lin e a r y a n g d ib a n g u n
m e n g g u n a k a n s e g m e n g a ris lu ru s y a n g
d ib e n t u k ole h d u a a t a u le b ih t it ik
k oord in a t .
E n t i t y A r e a a t a u P o l i g o n
Po lig on
m e n d e s k rip s ik a n s u a t u
a re a ( b e n t u k ,
h u b u n g a n ,
k e t e t a n g g a a n d a n
h ira rk i) s a m p a i d e n g a n
p rop e rt ie s y a n g d im ilik i
ole h b lok b a n g u n a n
s p a s ia l y a n g
d it a m p ilk a n s e b a g a i
M o d e l D a t a S p a g h e t t i
D u a b u a h p olig on
y a n g b e rs e b e la h a n
d im a n a p a d a b a g ia n
y a n g b e rh im p it a n
m e m ilik i d u a b u a h
g a ris d a ri h a s il d u a
k a li d ij it a s i.
M o d e l D a t a R a s t e r ( 1 )
K e l e b i h a n K e k u r a n g a n
• Me m ilik i s t ru k t ur d a t a y a n g
s e d e rh a n a
• Me m e rlu k a n ru a n g p e ny im p a n a n
( d is k ) y a n g b e s a r d i k om p u t e r
• Mu d a h d im a n ip u la s i d e n g a n
m e n g g u n a k a n fun g s i
m a t e m a t ik s e d e rh a na
• Pe n g g u n a a n s e l a t a u uk u ra n g rid
y a n g le b ih b e s a r un t u k
m e n g he m a t ru a ng p e ny im p a na n
a k a n m e ny e b a b k a n k e h ila n g a n
in fo rm a s i d a n k e t e lit ia n
• Te k n olo g i y a n g d ig un a k a n
c u k u p m u ra h d a n t id a k b e g it u
k o m p le k s , s e h ing g a p e n g g u n a
d a p a t m e m b u a t s e nd iri
p ro g ra m a o lik a s i m e n g g u na k a n
c it ra ra s t e r
• S e b ua h c it ra ra s t e r h a ny a
m e n g a nd u ng s a t u t e m a t ik d a n
s u lit d ig a b u n g k a n d e n g a n a t rib ut
la in d a la m s a t u la y e r
• C o m p a t ib le d e n g a n c it ra - c it ra
s a t e lit p e n g in d e ra a n j a u h d a n
s e m u a im a g e h a s il s c a n nin g
d a t a s p a s ia l
• Ta m p ila n a t a u re p re s n t a s i d a n
a k ura s i p os is iny a n s a n g a t
b e rg a n t un g p a d a u k ura n
M o d e l D a t a R a s t e r ( 2 )
K e l e b i h a n K e k u r a n g a n
• O v e rla y d a n k om b in a s i d a t a
s p a s ia l ra s t e r d e n g a n d a t a
in d e ra j a m u d a h d ila k u k a n
• Me m ilik i k e m a m p u a n
p e m od e la n d a n a n a lis is t ing k a t
la n j u t
• Tra n s form a s i k oo rd in a t d a n
p roy e k s i le b ih s u lit d ila k u k a n
• Me t od e u n t uk m e nd a p a t k a n
c it ra ra s t e r le b ih m ud a h
• S a n g a t s u lit un t u k
m e m p re s e n t a s ik a n hu b un g a n
t op olo g i
• G a m b a ra n p e rm uk a a n b u m i
d a la m b e n t u k c it ra ra s t e r y a ng
d id a p a t d a ri ra d a r a t a u s a t e lit
p e ng in d e ra a n j a uh s e la lu le b ih
a k t ua l d a rip a d a b e n t uk
v e k t orny a
• Me t od e u n t uk m e nd a p a t k a n
form a t d a t a v e k t or m e la lui p ro s e s
y a n g la m a d a n c uk u p m e le la h k a n
• Pros e d ur un t u k m e m p e role h
d a t a d a la m b e n t u k ra s t e r le b ih
m u d a h, s e d e rha n a d a n m u ra h
• S e ring m e n g a la m i k e s a la ha n
d a la m m e n g g a m b a rk a n b e n t u k
d a n g a ris b a t a s s u a t u ob j e k
M o d e l D a t a V e k t o r ( 1 )
K e l e b i h a n K e k u r a n g a n
• S a t u la y e r d a p a t d ik a it k a n
d e ng a n a t a u m e n g a nd u ng
b a ny a k a t rib u t s e h in g g a d a p a t
m e n g he m a t ru a ng
p e ny im p a na n s e c a ra
k e s e lu ruh a n
• Pe n g g u n a t id a k m u d a h b e rk re a s i
u nt u k m e m b u a t p rog ra m ny a
s e n d iri un t u k m e m e n u hi
k e b u t uh a n a p lik a s iny a . H a l in i
d is e b a b k a n ole h s t ru k t ur v e k t or
y a n g le b ih k om p le k s
• D e n g a n b a ny a k a t rib u t y a n g
d a p a t d ik a n d un g ole h s a t u
la y e r, b a ny a k p e t a t e m a t ik la in
( la y e r) y a n g d a p a t d ih a s ilk a n
s e b a g a i p e t a t u ru n a ny a
• K a re n a p ros e s k e s e lu ru h a n un t u k
m e n d a p a t k a n ny a le b ih la m a , p e t a
v e k t or s e rin g k a li m e n g a la m i
k a d a lu a rs a .
• Tra n s form a s i k oo rd in a t d a n
p roy e k s i le b ih m ud a h d ila k u k a n
• T id a k c om p a t ib le d e n g a n d a t a
c it ra s a t e lit p e n g in d e ra a n j a uh .
• R e p re s e n t a s i g ra fis d a t a
s p a s ia lny a s a n g a t m irip d e n g a n
p e t a b u a t a n t a n g a n m a n u s ia
• Me m e rlu k a n p e ra n g k a t lu n a k d a n
K e l e b i h a n K e k u r a n g a n
• Me m ilik i b a t a s - b a t a s y a n g t e lit i,
t e g a s d a n j e la s s e h ing g a s a ng a t
b a ik u nt u k p e m b ua t a n p e t a
-p e t a a d m ins t ra s i d a n -p e rs il
t a n a h m ilik
• O v e rla y b e b e ra p a la y e r v e k t or
s e c a ra s im u lt a n m e m e rluk a n
w a k t u y a ng re la t if la m a
• Me m ilik i re s o lus i s p a s ia l y a n g
t in g g i
• D a t a ny a t id a k m u d a h
d im a n ip u la s i
• H ub u ng a n t op olo g i d a n n e t w o rk
d a p a t d ila k u k a n d e n g a n m u d a h
• Me m ilik i s t ru k t ur d a t a y a n g le b ih
k o m p le k s
• S e c a ra u m u m m e m e rlu k a n
rua n g p e ny im p a n a n ( d is k ) y a ng
le b ih s e d ik it d i k om p u t e r
R e p r e s e n t a s i M o d e l D a t a S p a s i a l
E k s p lis it →
B e n t u k s t ru k t u r d a t a ra s t e r
A t rib u t ob j e k d iny a t a k a n d e n g a n
s im b ol/ w a rn a / t in g k a t k e a b u a n y a n g
m e n j a d i n ila i s e l a t a u p ik s e l.
I m p lis it →
B e n t u k s t ru k t u r d a t a v e k t or
d e n g a n t op olog i t it ik / g a ris / a re a ( p olig on )
A t rib u t ob j e k d iny a t a k a n d e n g a n h im p u n a n
K o n v e r s i
R a s t e riz a t ion a d a la h k onv e rs i d a t a d a ri
m od e l d a t a v e k t or k e m od e l d a t a ra s t e r.
V e c t oriz a t ion a d a la h k on v e rs i d a t a d a ri
m od e l d a t a ra s t e r k e m od e l d a t a v e k t or.
T i p e L a y e r
L a y e r R a s t e r D is p la y im a g e a t a u s e t d a t a
p ik s e l d a n im a g e y a n g d id is p la y
m e n g h a s ilk a n g a b u n g a n d u a a t a u le b ih
la y e rs t ip e ra s t e r ( R G B ) .
C on t oh : g oog le e a rt h , fot o
L a y e r V e k t or D is p la y S I G d a la m b e n t u k
t a b u la s i ( t it ik d a n g a ris ) d a n d a t a
p e n y u s u n p e t a y a n g m e n u t u p d a t a ra s t e r
b ila n g d it u m p a n g t in d ih .
Layer Rast er
Layer Vekt or
Overlap layers
