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AMBIGUITY FOUND IN BACKPACK 4 ENGLISH TEXTBOOK
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by:
MELTYSARI RISCAHYANTI A320100193
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
TESTIMONY
Here, the writer testifies that in this study, there is no plagiarism of earlier
literature, opinions and works that have been written or published by another
person, except those referenced in script writing and mentioned in a review of
literature and bibliography.
Therefore, if it is proves that there are some mistakes in this testimony, she
will be fully responsible.
Surakarta, 11 February 2014
Researcher
MELTYSARI RISCAHYANTI A320100193
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MOTTO
Don’t Lose Hope
"Life’s tough handle it with prayer."
“...And never give up hope of Allah’s Mercy. Certainly no one despairs of Allah’s Mercy, except the people who disbelieve.”
(QS. Yusuf 12:87)
"Stop waiting for things to happen. Just go and make them happent."
"Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance, you must keep moving.”
(Albert Einstein)
"You can never cross the ocean until you have the courage to lose the sight the shore”
DEDICATION
With love this research is dedicated to:
• The greatest creator of this universe, Allah SWT • My beloved prophet, Muhammad SAW
• My beloved father and mother, Tri Mulyana and Sri Harjanti
• My beloved brother, Ro’in Febriansyah • My beloved grandparents
Assalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh
Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamin, praise be to Allah Lord of the worlds
First of all, the writer would like to thank Allah SWT who has given
blessings to the writer so that she can finish this research paper without a hitch.
She also likes to thank the people who have helped her over the times. Their help
and kindness will always be reflected in this research. On this very special
occasion, the writer wants to express her gratitude to those who helped her
completing this research paper. Thanks to:
1. Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si., the Dean of School of Teacher Training and
Education of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
2. Titis Setyabudi, S.S., M.Hum., the Head of English Education Department.
3. Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M. Hum., the first consultant, thanks for her
patience in providing continuous guidance, advice, suggestion and correction
till the end of this research.
4. Mauly Halwat H. Ph.D., the second consultant, thanks for her guiding and
advicing in the process of doing this research paper.
5. Dra. Malikatul Laila, M.Hum., as the third consultantwho has given the writer
6. All lectures of English Department who had given their knowledge to the
writer.
7. Her beloved parents: her father (Tri Mulyana) and her mother (Sri Harjanti)
who are patient to see her finishing in this research paper soon and also for
their love, pray, support, motivation and everything.
8. Her Brother: Ro’in Febriansyah who gives her the color of life and supports
her to finish this study.
9. Her precious friends, Nimas, Wahyu, Dwi, Desi, Riza, Agni, etc.
10.All her dearest friends in English Department 2010, and
11.Last but not least, those who cannot be mentioned one by one have supported
to reach her dream.
She realizes that this research paper is far from being perfect because of
limited capability. Thus, revision, suggestion and structural criticism are hoped
for the perfection of this work. She wishes this research paper would be useful
and helpful to all readers.
Wassalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh
Surakarta, 11 February 2014
Researcher
ix ABSTRACT
MELTYSARI RISCAHYANTI. A320100193. AMBIGUITY FOUND IN BACKPACK 4 ENGLISH TEXTBOOK. RESEARCH PAPER. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA, 2014.
This study deals with the ambiguity which is found in Backpack 4 English textbook. The aims of this study are (1) to describe the types of ambiguity found in Backpack 4 English textbook, (2) to describe the frequency of each type of ambiguity, (3) to describe the dominant type of ambiguity, (4) to describe the causes of ambiguity, and (5) to describe the way to disambiguate ambiguity.
The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research. The data source of this research is ambiguous words, phrases and sentences found in
Backpack 4 English textbook. The data collection technique is documentation.
The technique of data analysis are descriptive qualitative. The writer uses the theories from Fauziyati, Kreidler, Robert, Roadman and Hyme to analyze the types of ambiguity.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE i
APPROVAL ii
ACCEPTANCE iii
TESTIMONY iv
MOTTO v
DEDICATION vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT vii
ABSTRACT ix
TABLE OF CONTENT x
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1
A. Background of the Study 1
B. Limitation of the Study 6
C. Problem Statement 7
D. Objective of the Study 7
E. Benefit of the Study 8
F. Research Paper Organization 8
CHAPTER II : RIVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 10
A. Previous Study 10
B. Underlying Theory 18
d. Deep Structure Ambiguity 31
3. Comprehension of Ambiguous Sentence 33
4. Causes and Factors of Ambiguity 36
a. Causes of Ambiguity 36
b. Some factors that lead to Ambiguity 39
5. Ways to Disambiguate the Ambiguous Sentences 41
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD 46
A. Type of the Study 46
B. Data and data source of the research 47
C. Object of the study 47
D. Data Collection Technique 47
E. Data Analysis Tecnique 48
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION 50
4. Causes of Ambiguity 109
5. Ways to Disambiguate the Ambiguity 120
B. Discussion of the Research Findings 132
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 141
A. Conclusion 141
B. Pedagogical Implication 144
C. Suggestion 144
BIBLIOGRAPHY 147
