THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION OF SLAVERY AS REFLECTED IN MARK TWAIN'S ADVENTURES OF HUCKLEBERRY FINN AS CRITICISM TOWARD CAPITALISM.

1IIE SOCIO.ECONOMTC CONDITION OF sLA'!'ERY AS RDTLECTED IN MARK TWAINIS

/D'?MV]t!;S

OF EACKIEBERRY FINN

15

cRrncrsM

fovA

mt caPnA Lrsn't

A

TnBir

Subnin.d in

Poidl

F

lflltu

tof

'Ihe _{Aequirerent of}

\djatu

_{S6na Desrd}

By:

PRAMULIA SATIYA

05 985 041

ENGLISE DEPARTMENT

-

FACTILTY OF LETTERS ANDALAS

TNN'ERSITY

ABSTRAK

Dalam penelitid

ini

penulis

menba!6

iaael Adrentur.s aI Huc*lebeftr

li,,

taJya

Mek

Twain. PeDulis nenrba\b basannea karya nri merefleisikar

lerbudato pada abad ke-19 di ,ADerika sec&a krjtis Pada

andr

_Jrrbud*ar yturg

nengikutlsis€m kapihlisne ini. terdapat kelas berkursa yaitu nasFJ,lal kulitpulih yans sansar frengeksploitsi

du

nenekm

ndydalol

kulit

lntm

yds

dijadika)

bndal dcmi mendaparkln (euntungd.

Dalm

nenganalisa novel tesebu| penulis meneraptm leod Reneksi ddl

CeorBe lukacs, unrur nelihai rovcl,1d,entua oflht.]dehetrr

Fr,,

scbrgri

Eilcr.i

kenyald

rqhadap keadm sosial-ekononi nasyar€ka! knususnya melibdt

kodlik

sosial pada

zndnya

Konnik

sosial

yer8

nmcul

"relilalkdr

sisi

rcsatif

kapiralismc yang ter0eks! didalm lcks. Berdasdkm lcon Refleksi dan Lukacs,

n

rel

)dt.ht,tct

oJ

H,ckkbqry

Fi,,

ymg

netutalm

kalya

r.alis

dapol memF€rlihalke

d

nen8kndk sistenr kapiblisme lerbadap kebidupd pcrbuda{e

p{dd lbud 19diAnerika.

Hsil

d

i

malisa

le

adaF novel ,4dvehlues

.[

Auckl.bdt

Finn, pm!]is bdhasil

nc.arik

kesimpuld banwx novel

ini heruparb

Eneksi keadaa

sosial-ekonomi masyanlial akibal sisten lepnalisnc

y&g

bftkcmbms di Amcrikfl Ilodr abad 19.

Dalm

novel

ini

terdap,t bebenpa

knlikm

atau sisi n€galil kapitalisnc te radap

anrd

_lerbudalm yang dneneksikan nelalui kadkler budak

lulit

liildn.

S isten kapilal isme F enghi

l

gkd

sisi-sisi atan aspck-aspek

k€n

usi{an dun budd

dm

nenjadiko

dftka

soobn

oHr

bL&m meusia

n€la kar

hmya s€Led{ konoditas untuk diperdagdgk&. S€lain itu nerela juea mendapat p€dakur

kd

ddi

Lels yms

berkuasa

do

nereka

rrdins ddi

hidupnla

kdcm nmka

1.1Thc Brckg.ound ofthe Resclr.h

Siice 1654 to 1865. the slalery systenr

r"s

legal nr

Unitd

Stat..,

.\f..ially

in Soulh Ameri.a In slavdy syslcm. slave was lrealed

6lhe

prcpenr by the o{ner (rulireclast. Slavery condni.n *as tiggered bt the s.cixl lane.es hcnvccn ruline

Slaleq in Anreric, $illbcconcs m nrtcrcsing topic that cdr bc dhcussed in liter.ry

{.rks

roday

Ma

Twair's novelison€oflirerdy rvork $aidcs.ribcs aboul

tbe Rrcio eco.onic condition

i.

his.n

Hc *ritcs ab.!t lhc condnio. ol sl.vcrr" in 191'ccnnry

Anericr

H. is nrludcd onc oflhe besl Anericm ruitcn in

loi'oc.rry

rho rcflecr rhc davery _{in hG ereat} io\el Adrehtule3

.f

ihikleb.ry

fih,

Mr\isr.riti.Gm

is conrp0llblc apptuach ro malyze rbout slllery

i

l*rid

!

CH

ITER

I

INl'RoDUCTION

n.vcl bccaue

it

h

rc8aded

hrertrLre md socio-ccononic

d

Jfnr.rlh

rhdt

nr.ds

rh!

tu

d!n\h

p b(N.cn

condirn,n

Train

s

n.v.l shd{l

dalc's c.ndnion in

Morcovcr. slalcr] coDstitured cadlllism. Accordina to Donnbea Drmnond

Vbaliat

$atenejn in Boorcrs bnok cntitlcd,1 Ptu.ticul

thorlu.tia

t.

Liteiarr rheir rel0tion rvirh rhc socicty based on econonic syslen. lwanr s

rcrel

6

realisl qork, signinca.tly notonll rellectLhc

$ci.

ocodonriccondilnD uddercatilalhnr bul

aho thc contradictio. *hich n built in ttat cn. ln hk novcl.

Tmin

sho$s ihe lo$er

l

h.o\'nhd

arricisn thar, _"SlN eD md capiialhm arc inrl.ulel)'relared.s histori.Al phcnomcm (1996: 298). rn

Muisl

pcspccrn..

$c

s.cial opFsirions

oi

rvhidh

slaleLy is found seenr lo be base! on race. The differcnr bcMccn nhncraccand black race in sociely

crate

rrcisnr In B.ok.r's b.ok, Nkrumah alro

\ht r

thar, _"Racc

i.erhicably linlied with cllss

ernlond

.: in.

rucirl

crrilllisl

_lrowcr srn,crtrrc, capilalisl

dd

racc oppression are conrplemenlary.

tle

reDoval

ol

ore ensures the

.emoval

ol r

othcr' (1996

lt8).

Whilc racc c aims thar b ack m.c ls

inLrl.r

rnd

rakes them as

wo

ci. ft

h

a form ofopprcssion und.r capitalisn 11 is sur|]oncd hy

B..ker\

s[rencnl _{lhal. "R0cisn} i.volres rhe oven otpression J onc gr(rup in

sociery l. r rhe ccommic benefit of anothcr, so slalcry a.d capitalism ar.

d.r.d

slructurully, iJ in no olher

wat

(1996: 298). ln

.lh$

sods, thc cnd

oi.apilalim

ncccssary the end olFcism.

h

the norel

?l.lgntl.r

.l

Hutkllhlrr!

Fi,,

Mrk

lwrin

uses sllvc

chdaccr N lhe

ricrifr.lslavcry

Jin as slave chda.t.i ficcs sondnr c.nnici in hk liic bc.ausc hc _ses oppresion frcnr Lne rulnre class (nr dis case lhe

o*ner)

s

the impact capilalis.r

in

Ame.ica

al

l9r'cenrury. The owners hrve

r

power ro do al!1hine rowtrd then

shles Jlneds

Lhar- these tso dillarenlrla\sesr€ the nrpdct orthe

clpihlist

slnen

rcflcctcd in lhc

nolcl.

lhG mancr

h

lhc core prcblem lo

inlesl ieale llN ueh lhi s researc h

l.

thG case. this research is conducred becouse the iDpacls

of catitali{

/:r,,.

a

lvldist

criticism h reeded. Nlorcov.r.lhe

$irer

cho.ses

Tsrin

s.,1./l.rkl.{

.il

lhttktlhar! Frd

xsrhe.bject

of$h

researcb bccrusc rhis noycl rcflcdsthc rcrl of slalery condilion

io

l9!r renlury Ameri.a

!s

.riliquc caFiralism

lhcrcln,.lh

j

novclhvcryappmpriatclorthGresearclTharisNh]drcrvrilffcmnlesihisrcscarch

*ith

Thc Soth

tun.nit

(.ntliti.n

ol sldwtr

6

Rclttltd

br

Mt

lwtnt\

l.lvntu.s

lluckl.bctry Firn a\ Oiticisn

ta

ahl

(rtitul^m

1.2 Thc ldcntiff cati0n of the

Pr.blen

'lhcre dc hins oflhe process

oldebun

izatioD ofblack people as slavcs in

r9s

ccnru4

,{ncdc.

Leflecred

in

T}!in

s )bentutet

af

Hu.ktehetD l:nnr,

revenheless these

lst.ca

dc sill3bsurd, diftlcult

t

inter|lmt, and hdd

b

dcciphcr lhe _lrocess

ol

dehunani,arin is c,used hy cconomic \y\lcm

undr .iplhli\dr

Therelore

aluani(

c

icGn G nccdcd lo rclcal thesc _nr.bLens ln

$i!

resedch.

ftc

*riler sees the nesjrive side ol slar.r! u.der carirnlism in l9'r cenlur! Anrefca,

1.3 The ScoDe ofrhc Rcscrr.h

This EseaEh focuses on

l*t

mai. pints.The fi6t is ihe realcon{tilion *hich

l(..n..n,ed

rilh

slavew the lgri cenrur! in Anreric, Sec.nd is lhe reiection

of

rhe novel including rhe process oidehunrania!!n

CHAPTER5

Tnr.rgh

chdrctr

ofslavc in the

^ore\ A.lrentures ol

Hrckl.b

!Ftut

Jit\

sho{s rhe reileclion $e slllery in lgnrcentury (PE

Civil-w&)

mder rhc

*odo

ric sy$en ofcapitalhn. Dy seeins Jim s chmclcr, the wdlor reveah $c

conhdicl.n

ofslavcry which is still absurdand hddtodccipherin rhenovel.

The

Miler

linds a criliqrc lowed capiElisD which is appeded in a rcalist na\el Alteht"rcs of

Il

cuebeir

It",.

Il G prcvcd by Lnkacs' Rcncdioh Ttcorythat vieRs a rcalist work do nol only rellecr

fic

soci.-economic c.ndnbn

h(

fto

citicizes it. The cnaque can be seei lron rhe economio slslem whioh is inllucnocd

by ide.rogy capiralhn. in the na\el

Ade

trrcs af Hu.klebetry

F,r,

dc wircr n.ds

lne ideology capilalisn whicn brcals slave's

life

In thc novcl, Trvain shd*s how thc peopl€

^t the topofthe s.ci.l scate de nalurJly supeior to ihose belowthcn. Jin as a slavc chdaclm su.ceeds

lo

Eflecl how thc slavery is a

lom

ol

oppr€ssion und

cxploirarion olthe ruling cl4s

low!

slare\ lile.

The conrEdiction Rhich

n

loun d in TN^in s A!tuekhn es of Hucid.betry Finn

rcfcs lo

lhc prccess dehunanizalion

of

slare. First. the €conomic system urder capitalisn

€cddslin

not as hunan bein3but

as.omodiry

wbichcm bc lradcd in thc

lfuket

placc. Tle rulins cllss neal Jinr as connodily jusl mcrcly lor _ccr

nrch

o1I.A because the rutins class selh hh

\yite

d chitdren into dillar.nt owncr u1ro

nftds tle slaves. Besides. is alienaicd _{liom rNduclile}

aciivit,

_{stlles xrc rorced ror} w.rkina much hader and lona hou^ per,lay.

ftey

do nor enjoy snh thcjr work bccause the tulins clds forccs them to wdrk.ln this ctuc, thc, work for gjve a

pnril

for

dr

rulins

cla!

ortheirornci. Thnd. bntral lrcar.renls _br rhe rutin!

chssl.iad

A!BLIOCRAPIry

Abrms,

M.H. ,1 Glasary

af

Lit.r.rr

lams

(lbutth _cditjon)

Nee

_{Yorkr Eolr} Ri.chc.nandwinston. 1981.

Abms. M.ll.

lre

Mrirol

and The

Ldnp:

RDnantic lheorv und The Ctiticul L..r?nJz Ncw York: Oxford ljnivcrsily Prcss. I _976,

Booker. M ].Gneirh.,.r

-tla..'.al

lntrcdu.tion

b

Litoary Thcort and

atirt.lth

New York:

Univcsityol

rk

sas,1996.

Brudrey, Scurly.,

&

Hudson E. Lone, An Annotatcd

Idt

Bar*Stouhd antl

$u

es

Essat

in

Ctiticifl.

(Noton

Uiti.at

Editi.n in

A&.kh'tet

.f

Hu.Aebetrj Finn) Chicago:WW.Nonon&Conpdy,lnc. 1961, 1962.

Bogdb. Roben C.,

&

Sri

(no!p

Biklen.

Q"ahdliw

_{R*earth Jot}

Fi

.di.n:

,1

Introd,ction taTheoryanrl Met

dl

USA:AllyandBcon,lnc, 1982.

Brczu,

Hr*L

The _{Pc E}

ir

Hittor!

aJ thc U5,1.

N\etica:

PenguiD

(now,

2001.

B.Tindall. Georgc.. & E.Shi. David.,4hericd: A

Nrtutiw

Hinory. N€w Yoft:

\t

W.

Nono. & Cofrpdy, lD., 1939.

Dmaydri

OLlalia, Rizlq.,raaints Ihc 9ercorypa\ In

lht

,l.twtntvcs HtuALhctry

It"

htrp/alumni.unan.ac iddeiail.phF?id=,1i957&nrkld=rrmu%2oBudoya. on

Di Ysni,

Robdr. Readins Fiction

a

d

Anth.bg

,/

.si,,1 Sror&r. New Yorti Rsndom Hnns.Inc 1993

Cuerin.

I

w:i€d.

Fd)

Iabor.

lcm.

Morcd.

do

JoLn .(.

\\1ltL\a

t

'latd

lJoota.',iti.dl

\l'.a.D.

rat

t".atL4.

t

4d4t.r

t\A.

1999.

Guhnd, Hcrbcrl C.

tlro

d,

,1r.d.z?.

N€w Yort. I 87?.

1

Imid,

Mulyadi.

lr.

,?cro partem in The .1.\!ntwes oJ H,ckleben

,

li|h

bt Mdt*

Iya,,.

Faculty of lcncrs And.las Unilcsity. 2005.

Ili.-\.ocl.

I oui e A. rt,

04

/o../ar\i.r,1

Sr,/",ri

ur,

k

Nes

Yo

: RoljiFr"e.

2005

MILIK