ENGLISH TEACHING MATERIALS FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN LANGSA KOTA.

EN(;LISII

TEACHING MATERIA_LS

FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL SI'UDEN'TS

IN LA-NGSA KOTA

A Thesis

Bv

"

INONG SAHRIANI

Reg. No. : 0 1 5 0 1 0 0 3 0

THE ENGLISH AP BLIED LINGlJISTICS

GRADUATE PROGRAM

Sl :l A~B

UNIVERSITAS o-F MEDAN

THESIS

ENGLISH TEACHING MATERIALS FOR ELEMENTARY

SCHOOL STUDENTS IN LANGSA KOlA

~~

Arranged and Proposed By

Inong Sabriani Reg. No: 015010030

& ,

'

lias Been Defended Before Thesis

~ Examination Committee, on January 30th, 2004

~ and Declared to Have Fulfilled

~ The Requirement

~

Consultant J

Approved By Consultant Commission

~{._/--~..._____

Head ofEnglish Applied Linguistics

Prof Dr. Jawasi Naibaho, Dip.Ap.

IM

ABSTRACT

Sabriani, 1nong. 2003. l ~ 'nglish Teaching A4aterials for E'femen:ary S'dwol Students in Langsa Kola. A

Thesis.

Engl.ish Applied Linguistics Department, The Graduate

Program

of Universitas Negeri Medan. Consultants: (J) Prof. D.P .

Tampubolon,

PhD,

(TT) Dr. Lince Sihornbing.

Teaching Engbsh to Elementary School students has to be done

carefully

in order to make it effective. All aspects

of

teaching must be maximally fulfilled. Teaching materials is one of the

most important

aspect~ that has to

be

well and

appropriately

designed. Elementary schools in Langsa Kota have been using textbooks published outside the area and

written

by those

who

do not know the

real

condition there. As a result,

many

of the

students

cannot reach their

best

achievement of

th(;;

language.

For

thi s

reason,

the writer

is

interested to write and design materials, which are expected to be appropriate

and effective

for the

students. Therefore,

th(;;

problem

ol' the research is ''What teach1ng materials are

eflectivc for students of the fourth year of elementary schools in Langsa Kota?"

The writer at first

writes

three sample materials that are taught for four meetings. The materials are written in accordance with the theories of children

cognitive

development, communicative

approach,

and various aspects of the peoplt:: such as students'

English

experience. After writing the materials, to find out the effectiveness of it, the writer conducts an experiment. ln this study, the posttest-only design is applied. Since the materials are different, the Experimental and Control Group is only one class that

conSISt$

of 40 students. The class is taught the old materials in the first four meetings, and then a

te~t is administered. After that, the new materials arc taught also in four meeting~, and a tem is administered

To gain the cHcctivcncss of the new materials, t-t.est is used. The result of computing the t-test shows that the t-ca\culat~d is higher than the t-tablc (4.89 > 2.000)

with

the degree of freedom (dj) 78 at the level of significance 0.05. Therefore,

it

can be concluded that th(;; materials are very effective, which means that the hypothesis is

ABSTRAK

Sabriani, Jnong. 2003. r~·nghsh Teachmg Moterials j(Jr 1:'/ementar.F .\'clwo/ :·:tudents m LanRsa Kola A Thesis, English Applied Linguistics Department, The Graduatt: Program of Univt:r$ilas Negcri Mcdan. Consultants: (!)Prof DY Tampubolon, PhD,

(ll) Dr. Lince Sihombing.

Pengajaran Bahasa lnggris di Sckolah Dasar harus dilaksanaknn secara cennat agar hasilnya efektif. Seluruh aspek pengajaran harus dipenuhi se<.:ara 1mtksimal. Materi pcngjaran adalah salah satu aspek yang sangat penting yang harus didisain secara baik dan

tepat. Sekolah-sekolah Dasar di Langsa Kota selarna ini menggunakan buku-buku teks yang diterbitkan diluar kota tcrscbut dan ditulis olch penulis-penulis yang tldak mengetahui kondisi sehenamya daerah tersebut. Akibatnya, banyak siswa tidak dapat meraih pn:stasi yang rnaksimal dalam bclajar bahasa lnggris. Karcna itulah, penulis tertarik menulis dan mendisain materi yang diharapkan sesuai dan efektif bagi siswa-siswa disana. Jadi, pennasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah "Materi seperti apa yang efektif bagi siswa-siswa

kdas empat sekolah-sekolah dasar di Langsa Kota?"

Penulis mulai dengan menulis tiga materi sampcl yang diajarkan sclama crnpat perternuan. Materi-materi tersehut ditulis didasarkan pada teori-teori perkembangan kognitif anak, pendekatan komunikatit~ dan aspck-aspck lainnya scpcrti latarbelakang

pengetahuan bahasa 1nggris sis\\'a. Setelah menulis materi, urituk mengetah'Ui keefektifannya, penulis melakukan ckspcruncn. Untuk Lujuan peneliLian ini, penulis hanya

mcnggunakan pvsfiest-onZv design. Karena materinya herbeda, Ke!ompok F.ksperirnen dan Kelompok Kontrol diamhil dari kelas yang sama yang tcrdiri dari 40 orang siswa. Kelas ini diajnrkan nu1teri yang lama pad<t ~:mpal p\:rl-.:muan pt:rtama, dan kemudian diberikan tes. Sctclah itu, malcri baru diajarkan juga dalam empat pertemuanm, dan setelahnya diberikan

les.

ACKNO\\'LEDGEMENTS

This thesis has been v.Titten as a partial fulfillment of the n:quin::ments of the

degree of Magister Humaniora (M.llum) from the English Applied Linguistic

Department of the Post-graduate Prugram of Universitas N~geri M~dan.

In

the process

or

writing

this thesis,

the \\>Titer

is

indebtl!d

to

many people for

their guidance, hdp, suggestions, and comments. Therefore, she would like to express

her gratitude to all of them f(.>r their generous guidance and assistance She can,

hmvl!ver, mention only a few of them.

The wTiter particularly owes a great indehtedness to both her consultants.

Prof. D .P. Tampubolon, PhD and

Dr.

Lince Sihombing, for their valuahle advice,

suggestions, and comments.

She would like to extend her sincen: thankfulness to Prof. Dr. J. Naihaho, the

head of the department, and Dra. Mcisun, M.A, tht: secretary of the department, for

their

helps

in all

administration matters and

deep mental

support.

and all the lecturers

who have taught a lot of knowledge to her. May God protect thi.:rn in all activities

they do.

Furthermore, the writer's sincerest thanks go to her bclov~d father, mother, sisters. and brothers for their never-ending s upport and understanding briven to her

during her academic years at the department. The writer hopes that her two brothers

will try to he better than her in the future.

Last but not least, her final thanks go to all her kind friends who have

contributed very much to her improvement in English. Few that the writer can

mention here~ Tbu Siti Zulfah,

Kak

Eka, Yanti, Yuda, Indra, T ri, Haryanto, lbu Ida,

Ibu Tiur, Kak Raja, etc. To all of them the writer can only hope that they will look

upon the results of then influence and endeavors with plcasttrl'

May God bless usf

111

Medan, Fcbmary 2004

The Wntcr

lnong Sabriani

[image:7.612.31.567.64.683.2]

TABLE OF CONT~NTS

Page

ABSTRACT ..

II

1\'

Chapter I INTRODUCTION -... _

1.1 The Background of the Study

1.2 The Problem oflhe Study __ ... ... . ... .. .

13 The Objectives of the Study ... ... .. ... ... . 4

14 The Significance ofthe Study

I. 5 The Scope ul' the StuJy ... 5

Chapter II TIIFORFT!Ci\1. ORlENTi\TlON

2.1 English as a Lu<:al Content ... ... . _. 6

1.2 Children Cognitive Development ...

1. 3 Communicative Approach . . . . .... , ...

1.4 The Syllabus

2 5 Materials Design

2.6 The Condition of Langsn Kola Area

2. 7 Tht: Hypothesis ... .... .. . . ... . ... . ... .

Chapter 1Il RESFARCH MFTHQI) .. .. .. .

25

3.2 Steps of Writing the Mal~rials ... . 26

3.3 Population and Sample ... . 26

3.3.1 Population ... -·· .. . . .. .

26

27

3.4 lnstrum~ntior Data Collection

27

3.5 Data

Analy!ii~

...

•T · . . . .

Chapter £V MATERIALS DESIGN AND FINDINGS

4 1 Syllabus ... .

4.2 The Materials ... ... .

4.3 The Finding:; ... .... ... .. .

45

Chapter V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGI·:STIONS

49

5.1 Conclusions ... . .. . ... .... . .... . .. 49

5.2 Suggt:stions .. . . ... .. ... .. . .. ... . ... .

49

REFERENCES ... ... ... . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... . 51

APPENDICES ... . ... . ... . . .. .

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE

4.1 : Students' Scores from the Old Materials

4.2 : Students' Scores from the New Materials

4.3 :The Mean, Variance, and Standard D~viatiun

[image:9.612.31.566.72.715.2]

Chapter V

C:ONC:Ll!SIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusions

Th~ conclusions that c.an be dra\NIJ from this materials writing and experiment

are as follows:

1.

:Writing materials should take into account certain factors such as

natural

condition of the area, students' hackgmund of the language, the people's

economic l~vel, and the curriculum provided

ln this study, the writer \Hites three sample materials taught for fouf sess10ns.

and at the end a test was given to find out the effectiveness of it compared to

the teaching ofmatcnals pn:sented in the textbook. used in the school

3. The results of the test shO\v that the new matcnals an.: wry dTective for the

students. It can be seen from the result

or

t-tcst, wh1ch is l11ghcr th:1n t-tahlc.

The t-calculated is 4.89, and th~ Hable s 2.000 with the degree of freedom

(J/) 78 at the level of significance 0.05.

4. Since the t-calculated is higher than t-tabk (4.89 > 2.000), the hypothesis of

this

study

is therefore accepted.

5.2 Suggestions

should be sensitive to thL: a~:lual needs of students in learning

recommended by regional educational offices. They have to be able to analyzt:

the appropriateness ufthe materials 'md learn from students" achic\·cmcnt.

2. The Provincial and Regency orriccs or cducallOII 11\USt encourage local

teachers and mnterirus designers to prepare appropriate and ctTect1ve materials

for the students in their area.

REFEREN('ES

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New York: !loll, Rint:hart and Winswn.

Dcpmicmcn Pcnd1<.i1kan dan Kcbudayaan Kantor \\,'ilayah f)roptn~l Dacrall h tllllC\\a

i\cch. 1996. Kurikulum Muufan l,oka/!'emlidikan 1Jasur. l3anda i\ceh.

!Iato::h,

E.

and Farhady. 1982. N.esearch nes·1gn om/ ,r..,'htfiSI/csj(,,. .lf'J'I'ed l.m?IWIIL'\

Massachusetts: Newbury House Publishers

J latch, E. and Lazaraton, /\ 1991. lhc Neseun;h .'\Jwwu/. I )e.q,!.!.JI u11d:C.'h 1l i. ~J/ 'i' ·., Jur

Applied Unguistics. Los Angeles: Heinle & Heinh; Publishers.

Johnson, R K. (I::d.) Jl)!N. /'he .\'ccoml l.anguage < ·urrlc11lum. Cambridge Cambridge University Press.

Larsen-Freeman, D. 1986. Techmque.1· and Principle., in l-£11/,l!.IIO,'-!.c J cochmg. Ox!'ord.

Oxford Umvers1ty Press.

Ma 11inez, /\.G ... .. A

ur

hen! ic '\ luteriuls: .·in ( )n'IT iew.

httn:/.\v·ww3. bc.sytnpalico.t:a/1 i l'!g!,listicissues. <J:~IJ_hcntt C_!!J~1Jl~J:Ia I ~.h!JJ].!

Paivio, /\.and Begg, I. 19R 1 1\lrillllngt o/l.anguog,· New .lt.:rsc.:' i>t·enttn'~llall

Inc.

Posner,

GJ ar,d

Rudnitsky,

AN. 1978. ( 'ourse J)t:slg/1, , I ( r/1/(/(' 'j(; ( 'wnculum J)eve/opment_f(>r Teachers New York Longman

Rtchard, J.C., L:Lal. 1992. /,ongman I hctirmary of I.Llllf!.Uil,l!,e Unguis! ics. London: Longman

Richards, J. 1990 Jhe /,anguage reaching A-latrix Cam bndgc: University Press

Sumikcm, S Pd., Guming, H.S., Drs., and Jam in, Drs. /,ct 's Stwlv 1-.'ng/ish J~cdan:

PT Pabelan

L ....

Taba, ll. 1962. C.'urriculum Develupmenl: J'hem:v and l'rucltcc. Nnv York : Harcourt

Brace Jovlanovich, Inc.

Taylor, !. 1990 !'.lydwlingwstic.\· Ne\'·i Jersey: Prentice HalL J nc

Tuck man, l3. W. 1978. ( 'onducting l~duculrona! Nl'.\l'ctn h. \JL'\\ York ll<ucnurt

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