CODE SWITCHING IN
“
JUST ALVIN
”
TALK SHOW
PROGRAM ON METRO TV
A Thesis
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistic Study Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Magister Humaniora
By:
ADE RAHMAH NASUTION Registration Number: 8136111002
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
MEDAN
CODE SWITCHING IN
“
JUST ALVIN
”
TALK SHOW
PROGRAM ON METRO TV
A Thesis
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistic Study Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Magister Humaniora
By:
ADE RAHMAH NASUTION Registration Number: 8136111002
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
MEDAN
ii ABSTRACT
Nasution, Ade Rahmah. Code Switching in “Just Alvin” Talk Show Program on Metro TV. A Thesis. English Applied Linguistics Study Program. Postgraduate School. State University of Medan. 2015.
iii
ABSTRAK
Nasution, Ade Rahmah. Code Switching in “Just Alvin” Talk Show Program on Metro TV. A Thesis. English Applied Linguistics Study Program. Postgraduate School. State University of Medan. 2015.
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of God, the most Gracious and the most Merciful. First of all, the writer would like to thank Allah the Almighty for His Blessing in the completion of this thesis.
In the completion of this thesis, the writer wishes to acknowledge her deepest gratitude for all generous guidance and assistance which has been given to her by a lot of people.
The highest appreciation goes to her two advisers, Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S as her firs adviser and Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed as her second adviser for all of their guidance through the completion of this thesis.
Then, her appreciation also goes to Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd as the head of English Applied Lingusitics Study Program who have assisted her in the requirement of administration process during the study in the Post Graduate Program of State University of Medan.
The writer’s great thanks to all reviewers , Prof. Amrin Saragih, M.A. Ph.D., Prof. Busmin Gurnins, M.Pd., and Dr. Didik Santoso, M.Pd. They had given suggestions, criticisms, opinions, and improvements for this thesis. The writer also would like to express her thankfulness for all lectures who teach her during the academic years of LTBI. Then, friend in LTBI A1 XXIII who had given encouragement in writing this thesis.
Finally, her special gratitude goes to her family especially parents who had given all loves and supports.
Medan, 30 Maret 2015 The Writer,
TABLE OF CONTENTS
3.4 The Instrument of Data Collection ... 36
3.5 Technique of Data Analysis ... 36
3.6 Trustworthiness of the Study ... 37
CHAPTER IV: DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS, AND DISCUSSIONS .. 39
4.1 Data Analysis ... 39
4.3 Discussions ... 49
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ... 54
5.1 Conclusions ... 54
5.2 Suggestions ... 55
LIST OF TABLES
Pages
Table 2.1 Criteria of Types of Code Switching ... 17
Table 2.2 Criteria of Reasons for Code Switching ... 26
Table 3.1 The Episode of Just Alvin Talk Show ... 35
LIST OF APPENDICES
1
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1Background of Study
The status of English Language in Indonesia is a foreign language, not a first or second language as well as in some Commonwealth countries. Nowadays, English in mass media develop rapidly. It can be seen in TV program especially in talk show. English is also used as code to say something mixed with Indonesian Language. The number of TV program that uses English helping the development of English language proficiency. The most exciting phenomenon is the high awareness of the need to have proficiency in English. This phenomenon leads to the emergence of code switching of Indonesian-English language. Code-switching is considered as a sociolinguistic phenomenon, linguistic product of language contact, determined in various ways by the social circumstances in which it occurs. Code-switching is now considered to be a normal and natural product of interaction.
In Just Alvin talk show program on Metro TV code switching plays a significant role in disguising topics that cannot be publicly addressed. In the episode of “Mom, I’m not A Bad Son” that presents Roger Danuarta as a guest
switched from one code to another to avoid candid talk about everything relates to drugs. A word sometimes needs to be encoded in a language that is sensitive for the audiences. The writer found it in Just Alvin Talk show, for example, “(1)
2
pastinya dengan kehilangan papa, pastilah semua anak pasti merasa kehilangan
tapi bukan berarti itu menjadi alasan aku untuk memakai itu, memakai aaa
berexperiment with drugs, no not because of that, (2) pastinya don’t do drugs
mungkin itu klise banget ya, buat semua orangdon’t do drugs, (3) kesalahan aku
ya itu tadi aku berexperiments with drugs, memang drugs itu kan banyak sekali
disekeliling kita dan salahnya aku berexperiment dengan itu, (4) yang aku
taupun kalo users should go to rehabilitation, dan juga banyak sekali yg worry
if you go to prison you get worst. Itu yg aku takutin sih, so I wish I can go to rehab, (5) untungnya sih untuk addiction itu aku gak alamin pada saat aku
pertama kali get withdrawal syndrome.”
All of the statements quoted from the talk show implied that Roger Danuarta as a guest spoke English when saying “memakai narkoba” as something that sensitive in Indonesia because it refers to the violation of the law. He switched the language into “experiments with drugs” aims to blur the meaning of everything relates to drugs to some of the audiences who do not know English, and also to safe him from negative opinions.
These reasons are different from Mesthrie (2001: 145) who states that “a common assumption of the reason to switch language is because of gaps in their personal vocabulary”. Switching is considered functional in the sense that
3
In addition, Holmes (1992: 35) argues that “people sometimes switch code within a domain or social situation. When there is some obvious change in the situation, such as the arrival of a new person, it is easy to explain the switch”.
In Just Alvin, as previously shown Roger Danuarta seems not to close his social distance to the audiences or to show the gaps that he has limited vocabulary to say “memakai narkoba” in Bahasa Indonesia, vice versa he wants to select the
audience to understand what he did with drugs. Roger Danuarta always switched the language when saying something related to drugs. It is assumed that code switching in this case used to protect him from negative opinions about the violation of law that Roger Danuarta did, which can be resulted in bad view of the audience to him as a famous person.
4
The other research done by Gardner-Chloros (2003) talked about How Code-switching mediates politeness: Gender-related speech among London Greek-Cypriots. This study combines three topics of sociolinguistics, namely; gender, politeness and code switching. Also three functions of code switching labeled in this research are humour, bonding, and dampening directness. The writer applied those three functions and differs between gender, such as; how the Men and Women use code switching as humour or to directly deliver their needs.
Ambarita (2010) conducted a research of code switching in politic and law texts of the daily KOMPAS. The dominant occurrence of conversational code switching was caused by language ability, ethno linguistic necessity, and the purpose of the speaker, personality, situation, and social factors.
Purwanti (2011) conducted a research about Code Switching among Bilingual Teenagers. The research investigates the types of code switching used in bilingual teenagers’ conversation. Three underlying reasons for code switching were found, they talked about a particular topic, interjection (inserting sentence fillers or sentence connectors) and express group identity. The dominant reason used is express group identity because the participants want to express their ability in using language by switch their language.
5
occurrence of code-switching were teacher’s education, teacher’s attitude and the translation method used. The external factor was the students’ English
proficiency. From all of the previous research findings there are no reasons implied that people use code switching to secure themselves from people’s negative opinions. It is also the reason of the writer to do further research about code switching.
Code-switching is a well-known trait in the speech pattern of the average bilingual in any human society in the world over including talk show. When the speakers are changing the language, the speakers are using code-switching and code-mixing in one time. According to Poplack (1980: 583), “code switching is the alternation of two languages within a single discourse, sentence or constituent”. Code switching refers to the process where someone used two
difference languages in the same context of situation and at the same time. Thus, a code refers to a variety within the same language and the entire system of a language.
There are three types of code switches, as Poplack (1978) in Jalil (2009: 3) there are three types of code-switching. First, there is tag-switching, which is related to the inclusion of a tag (e.g. you know, I mean, right, etc). This type of code-switching is very simple and does not involve a great command of both languages, since there is a minimum risk of violation of grammatical rules. This type also finds in Just Alvin talk show, for example “no, I mean like pastikan
6
code switching in this sentence, as the definition of tag switching is either a tag phrase or a word or both from one language to another.
The second type of code-switching is the intersentential switching, which is at the phrase or sentence level, between sentences. For instance, in Just Alvin this type also occur, for example “what happened? How you feel now? Rasanya
gimana sekarang?” the host switch English-Indonesian outside the sentence.
The third type of code-switching is the intrasentential one. The complexity of this type of switching is explained by the high probability of violation of syntactic rules, as well as the requirement of a great knowledge of both grammars and how they map onto each other. For example, ‘Sometimes I’ll start a sentence
in Spanish y termino en español’[Sometimes I’ll start a sentence in Spanish and
finish in Spanish]. Intrasentential occur in the talk show “yang aku rasain seeing all the things that happened gitu ya” Marshanda switched Indonesian-English within a sentence.
There are two types of code switching, namely metaphorical and situational code switching (Gumperz, 1972: 424). Metaphorical code switching refers to the process in which a bilingual speaker changes codes because of the change in what is being talked about. For example, Ben Kasyafani in Just Alvin talk show said “life is like a box of chocolate” this sentence means that we cannot predict what will be happen in our life.
7
another depending on whom that person is talking to. For example, in the conversation between host and guest in Just Alvin talk show, “H: no, I mean like
pastikan kamu akan ingat bahwa kamu di tempat ini, 2010 ya pertengahan ya, G:
iya sekitar 3 tahun lebih, 3 tahun kali ya. Ya seperti itu. Ehmm, ya selama aku di dunia entertainment papa selalu mendukung aku” in this conversation Alvin
8
1.2Research Problems
The problem of this study is to provide answers to the following questions: 1. What types of code switching are used by host and guests in Just Alvin talk
show?
2. How are those types of code switching used by host and guests in Just Alvin talk show?
3. Why are those types of code switching used by host and guests in Just Alvin talk show?
1.3Scope of the Study
The present study was limited to address the use of code switching uttered by host and guests in Just Alvin Talk Show Program on Metro TV. In this case, the study was focused on the types, process and reason of them used code switching of Indonesian-English Language during conversation.
1.4Objectives of the Study
In line with the problems, this study is intended to discover:
1. the types of code switching used by host and guest in Just Alvin talk show, 2. the processes of those types of code switching used by host and guests in
Just Alvin talk show, and
9
1.5Significance of the Study
It is expected that the findings of the study expect are useful and relevant theoretically and practically. Theoretically, the findings of this study are expected to be useful for the readers especially for the college students who want to study more about code switching. They can enrich their knowledge on theories of code switching in order to get some information on types, process and reasons of code-switching and give the sifting to the theory that has been.
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusions
After analyzing and drawing all the code switching types, processes and reasons in Just Alvin Talk Show Program on Metro TV, the researcher draws the conclusion as follows;
1. There are five types of code switching occurred in Just Alvin talk show namely; lexical code switching, phrasal code switching, clausal code switching, idiomatic code switching, and proverbial code switching.
2. The realization of code switching in Just Alvin talk show by inserting and alternating word or sentence from English language.
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5.2 Suggestions
Having seen the result of the study, the researcher would like to offer the suggestions as follows;
1. It is advisable for the people to understand function of code switching in conversation to make the harmonic communication.
2. It is suggested to other researchers and students of Applied Linguistics who are taking sociolinguistics or conducting research to find out more reasons for code switching in other types of talk show.
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