INTERPERSONAL MEANINGS IN RADIO DIALOQUES.

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... ··- - ·--- .... ... ... ·--·-·-· - -- -····-·- -·'"--- -··- --

··-···-A THESIS

By:

WAHIDIN

PURBA

Reg. No. :045010143

_ _ __ _ .. _... ·--· ·- ·1:

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PERPlJSlAKAAN ·

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UNif\1!~~-1

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ojf£ng[isfi_7tppfiea£inauistic.s

In Partia[ t'f'ufl 'f[ment or · tMniom

ENGCISH APPUIED LINGUISTICS

GRAI)UATE PROGRAM

THE STATE UNIVERSIY OF

MEDAN

(2)

A THESIS

INTERPERSONAL MEANINGS IN RADIO DIALOGUES

Arranged by :

Wabidin Purba

Jleg.~o.045010143

English Applied Linguistics Graduate Program

State University of Medan

Consultan

I

Has been defended before thesis Examination

Committee, on August.

23"',

2006

And declared to have fulflUed the requh·cmeuts

Approved

by

Coosultan ll

Dr. Lince Sibom bing, M.Pd.

Head

of

English

Applied

Linguistics

Directo

Progra

Prof. Dr. JawasiNaibaho

NIP.

t

3 0 0 9 58 9 0

(3)

Name : Wahidin Purha

Approved on : August. 23"', 2006

1. Prof. Am rio Saragih, MA., Ph.D.

2. Dr. Lince Sihombing, M.Pd.

3. Prof. Dr. Jawasi Naibaho.

4. Prof. D.P.

Tampubolon, Ph.D.

5. Dr. Berlin Sibarani, M.Pd.

(4)

ACI\.l'IUWLI!:ut.;£MENT

Th 1:s thesis is compieted dut: the guidance,. mot1vat10n, encouragement,

support, and help of many persons. l'ht: wntcr can mention oniy a l~w of them below,

to whom the wnter is very thankful and gratefu1, particuJariy to Prof. Amrin

Saragih, Ph.D, M A, and Dr.Lince Sihombing, M . .Pd at; his consultants who are

always

kind

and helpful to give strong motivation, spirit, correction,

and

guidance.

Similar thanks are due to Pro.D.P. Tampubolon, Ph.D, MA, Prof. Or

Jawasi Naibabo, Or. Berlin

Sibarani,

M.Pd and Dra. Meisuri MA, who have

given lots of Important critical commen t ~, suggestions and recommendation m

improvmg h1s thesis.

A htgh respect is offered to all lecturers of English Applied l.inguistics anil

h1s classmates as the writer really has benefited much from their lecturers, and

d1scussion in class durfng my study.

The writer also would like to thank lo the Headmaster of Madrasah Aliyah

Negeri Luhuk Pakam who has given the permtssson during his S-2 program at

UNIMEO.

The most precious appret.:ialion IS expressed to all his friends in Post Graduate

Progr<lm of Applied Linguistics State University of Medan, Pa' Sanggam Siahaan,

Pa' Bloner, W. ~ . Clinton, Ka t Sempa and others, who can not be mentioned one

by one, lor their mtntai support, c:nwuragcincnt, and suggestion in writing this thesis.

Fmally th~ \VTllcr would like to express h1s deepest gratefulness to hi s family.

(5)

furba, lor the1r tidehty,

lov<;;,

understandmg ami care without compiainmg for

less

anent ion g1vcn to them

during fimshmg his study.

God 131ess Us

Lubuk Pakam, Agustus 20Uo

(6)

ABSTRAK

Purba, Wabidin. 2006. MakDa A ntar persona dalam Dialog Radio. Pascasarjana Universitas Negeri Medao.

Tesis

ini

mengkaji makna persona dalam dialog radio, berda.sarkan

pendekatan

teori

Linguistik Fwtgsional Sistemik. (LFS),

Tujuan peneJitian

adalah

mendeskripsikan ti pe

pengguna

babasa,

penggunaan

bahasa

yang

direalisasi:kan dalam

M ental Process,

modalitas

dan epitet dideskripsikan dan

pesan-pesan da1am dia!og diinterpretasikn.n dalam realisasi antar persona.

Data dialog diperoleh dari Radio Republic Indonesia. Juni 2006

di

Medan.

Metcxle pengumpulan dan penganalisaaan data adalah dengan teknik

observasi dan rekam kemudian mentranskrip data

yang diperole11

ke dalam

bahasa

tulisan, setelah menentukan data tersebut ke kelompok masalah

yang

sedang diteliti . Dalam menganaHsa data, teknik LFS digunakan a~ dapat

memperoleh temuan tt..--muan

·tipe

penggunaan bahasa yang dominan daJam

dialog tersebut Temuan temuan

tersebut meng.indik.asikan

bahwa

bahasa

dominant yang digunakan dalam debat adalah bentuk Mental Proses,

i an dominan adalab modalitas kebiasaan usuali dan

ti

epithet

yang

dominant digunakan dalam radio dialog tersebut adalah

ripe

evaluatif, yakni menggambarlcan nilai, fimgsi, fakta. nilai esteris. emosi dan

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ABSTRACT

Purba,

Wabidiu.

2006. lnterpenonsl

Meaniap

in

Radio Dialogues. Tbcsis. Tbe

Post Graduate

Program.

State of University Medao.

The present th es is ~ that deals with interpersonal meanings JD radio dialogue, is

based on systemic functional linguistics (SFL) theories. The objectives of the study

are to examine the proportion of mcntaJ process,

Modality

and

Epif

found and

applied in the radio dialogues. The most dominant proportion of Mental

Process,

Modality. and Epithet are derived and the messages in

the

radio dialogues are

interpreted through the interpersonal meanings. The data are obtained from the Radio

Repu"blik

Indonesia

Medao

broadcasting in June 2006. The radio di8Jogues arc

selected as the

source

of data.

Methods

of

coJlecting

and anaJyzing data are observing

and recording techniques and transcribing the data. then, determining the

da:fa

into

the problems highlighted. In analyzing the data, SLF technique is applied in order to get lindings of dominant proportion of Mental Process, Modality and Epithet. The

findings indicate that Mental prooess as an aspects of interpersonal mearnngs is

dominantly used. In addition to dominantly used the types of Modality and Epithet

are usuality and evaluative respectively. Tbe use of Mental Process ~

Modality,

and

· fact that the s kers ke within of human mind, certajnt;y, a

subjectivity moral judgement.

z

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CHAPTER THREE :THE RESEARCH M ETHOD .. . . .. . . ... . .. .. . . 29

3 .1. The Re~ea r ch Design . .. .. .. .. . . .. . . .. 29

3.2. The Source of Data . . .. . . .. . .. . . . .. . . . .. . ... 29

3.3. The Techmques of Collecting th~ Data... . 29

3.4. The Proced ure of Analyzing the Oata . . .. . 30

: THE RESEARC H FINDINGS .. .. .. ... ... .. ...

31

4 . 1. Mental Process . .. .. .. . .. . . .. . .. . . . .. . .. . . .. . )l 4.2. Modality .. . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. .. .. . . .. .. . .

33

4.3. Epithet . .. . .. . .. .. . . ... .. . . .. .. . . .. . . . .. . .. . .. . J6 4.4. Discussion . .. .. . .. . .. . ... .. . ... .. . ... .. . . 39

CHAPTER FIVE : CONCLUSIONS ANO SUGGESTIONS 5.1. Conclusions .. . .. .. .. . ... ... ... .. 5.2. Suggestions .. .. .. ... .. .... ... .. .. .. .. . ... . 41

REfERENCES . .. . . .. . . .. .. . . .. ... .. . . .. . . .. . . .. .. . . .. 42

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LIST OF APPENDICES

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LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 1 :Congruent and metaphorical realization of modality.. ... .. ... 16

Figure 4:1: Examples of mental process clauses existing in the radio dialogue 32

[image:11.612.30.577.84.690.2]

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 4:1 : The total Num~r of the proportion and Percentage of mental process

In

The Radio dialogue . . . . . . .. 31

Table 4:2 :The proportion of Congruent and metaphoric Modality in the radio

33

[image:12.612.33.576.133.685.2]

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CHArn:.K Oi~~

IN 'l 'KUOLJCI 'I()N

1.1. The Background of the Study

Language

is the best means of

selt:..exP.ression.

1t is through language that

humans express their thoughts, desires, emotions, and feelings ; it IS through tt they

store knowledge, transmit message,

transter

knowledge and expcripnce from one

person to others, from one generatiOn to another. It is through it humans mteract or

relate to each other. How well

interacllons

are done

by humans

are realized in the 1.1se

of language. Thus, a study on the el1t:ctivcness of interaction can be done

by

a stuqy

on the use of language. Specifically, the effectiveness of interaction can

be

donC'

through the study of interpersonal meaning.

Language

is a social phenomenon. It IS a set of conventional

comrnunicalJve

signals used

by

humans

tor

wmmunication in a community. One learns a language as

members of the society because one wants to understand that society, or lo be

understood

by

that speech community. lf a language is not used in any socit:ly, it

ufus

out.

Language

use

is a soc1al event. ft can fully be described only if one;:

knows

all

about the people who are involved in it, their personalities, their beliefs, auitudes,

knowledge of the world, relationship to each other, their

sociaf

status, what activity

they a re engaged in, what they are talking at all₁what has gone before linguistically

and non-l inguistically, what happens after, what they are and a host of other facts

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Radio is an audio medium, cheap. ponable, and audible.

One

of its functions

in indonesia is to educate people. Radio programs report facts, opinion, whtch arc

val ueablc, interesting, and 5>ibrnificant to many people. ln the radio dialogue on family

planning program, there are t()ur people involved in tts progtam They are (I) Radio

Announcer, t2) Radio Reviewer t13KKBN Officer). {3) Expen on Radio Reviewer,

and Radio Listeners.

Radio program

is chosen

by 13adan Koodinasi Kcluarga Berencana

Nasional

{BKKBN) for broadcasting its programs, becau5e of its medium in sending its

messages ro the fndonesian condition related to culture. Jn Indonesia, discussi ng

sexual lite openly in the presence of children is quite ''taboo".

One way to bridge the gap in giving intormaliOn on the family planning

caused

by

cultural constmints "'taboo .. in lndont:sia such as tn North Sumatera, is

using a radio on dialogue interactive is one way to express their gtving and

demanding

infonnation.

Socially, a radio is a very popular language channel used by the sociecy" to

communicate and seek

tor

the information to innovate the

lite

quality standard.

Howevt!r, the communication proc~s5 usc::d by the:: radio speech community need to be

co,nceptualizcd

tor

the

thcorcucal

and practical functions. A speech commumty is a

group of people using the same language rules of the same language in sociocultural

communicative mtcraetton. (Hymes, 1994 ).

A language basica lly

func uons

to convey meaning urtcred by a person to

another one. ijy m eans of language one can convey h1s feeling, tus opinion toward

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the readers or hearers can rccetve the miormauon effecuvety. 1 he message can be

understOod 1i" the readers o r hearers are mvoived m the comext o i" sttuauon where rh e

ianguage ts used.

i iow J:X:Opie use language, what meanmg they want to ~,;onvt: y anti what

elements of imgutsuc structure to refer to m a cerram comext can be anaiyze<.i by

appiymg system u.: iuncuona i grammar (SFL) theones. r uncuonai rheones na ·e three

distinct systems ailhough closely related senses: in itS imerpreta uon t i ' of l exls, (2 )

ur the system, and (3) of the elements of iinguistic srrucmre. Funher .flaliiday

elaborates that:

( l ) Language is functional in the sense that everything in the ianguage can oe

explained, ultimately, by reference to how language is used.

(2) All languages are organized around two main kinds of meaning,

' ideational' or ret1ective, and the ' mterpersonar or active. The components belong to

' metafunctions· , that is, to understand the environment (ideational) and the act on the

others in it (interpersonal). As the combination of the two is called ·textual',

breathing relevance into the other two.

(3) Functional grammar construes all ihe units of a language-its clauses,

phrast.:s,

and so on as orgamc configurations of funct1ons . in other words, each pan

is int~rpreted as functional

with

respect to the whole.

from the elaboration above, it can he said ihat it is through fun~ tional

grammar thal any language can be interpreted through its text, system and the

elements of lmgUJstH; structure used. Interpersonal is denved from the word

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mevnat>ly c:n a~..:t one 01 the

speech

ro t ~::s mtendeo ana tm erprcleO as a statement.

q uestton, command or otter. I he speaker s role can be seen

m

the speech Sttuau on,

hts personal t:urmllttment and tnteracl1un w nh others ( i lali u.iay, I~ 12 :":J':I and

Thom son, I Y96 .61J).

Further Halltday state s t hat the cla use ts a lso orgamz.ed as an mlcracuve event

mvolvmg Spt!Hkcr. or wnter, and audience. And he also states that the m...ost

fundamental types of speech role, whtch lie behand all the more S'J)eCt1ic ty pes lhaL we

may e ventually be able to recogn•ze, are JUSLtwo. (1) gavmg. and ( II ) demanding.

Butt ct all ( 191}5:64) states that mte~rs onal meanmgs cover two main art:~.

tlrst . , . concerns the type of interaction which takmg place the kind nf

commodity whtch ts bem g exchanged. The second, ... concerns the way the speakers

take a pos1t1on m thetr messages.

In Indonesia, a radio is strategic mcdta used by the government to

communicate t he government's program, such as the tamtly panning program. ln

.Medan, the Radto Repubtik lndonesta ts one of the pubhc

rad1o

stauon,

ti.mctwns

as

the microphone of the government to commumcate the government messages to

Indonesian cittzcns. The mc::ssages may contam facts, ideas. hopes of the

dt:xdopments m any sector such as c ulture, educatiOn. economic , health and

family

p l anning pro gr;:t m ~ . One

intcrcstmg

phenomena m the commumcau on

ts

m the

topao

of the lamily planmng. The government seems to pay attent1on in this program

senous ly. Th1s essence as realt:ccd th the way 11 IS communtcated m Rad1o Republik

lndonesta. For tllc sake of th1s thes1s, a survey ts conducted to tdentit)' how the

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Indonesia Mt:dan. l hey regularly conduct a senes ot rau1o diaiogues oroa<lcasied

tw1ce m a

momll. Compan ng

w the

other government

s

pro!:,rrams lor mstance,

Kadio

l<.epubllk

lndoncs1a

Me<laR" only

acctdentally broadcasts messages m economy,

culture, polttrc, etc I hey only oroad(;asl m the headtmes news. I hey arc not deSt!,,tned

m a

spec11ic prof,rram suc h as tn rad 1o

dialogues.

Thcorcttcall), a research m rht: llt:ld ot l mgm s uc~ can be con<Jul:tcd to otter a

solulion to the problem ot the

consc1ous

know ledge ot

the

speech commumry

ot

Radio Rcpubllk Indonesia on the t:.umly planrung message of the

.,government

broadcastcd

m

th.e rad1o

dtalogues program.

Accordmg to Halliday ( 1994)

language rs

a set of rules used

by

human

to

communicate and mterpret meaning. Further, it

i~~d

that a ctause

1s

the smallest lingutsttc urut used to measure human

expenence.

An

tnterpersonal

meaning

of

a Janguagc ts rea hzed

by

the

Mental

Process.

Mental Process reters to verbs

ind icatmg

perception, atlectJon,

and

cognition.

f'he Modality is known as the

mterrm:diatc

degree between the posauve and the

negative. In general the term modalaly ts used as stgns of speaker's opmton. The

Modality includes

probab1hty,

usuality, known as modalt7.atton, mchnation and

obligation. The modal ity

can b~

seen

congruently and

metaphorically. It is said

con!:,rruent when

modal

verb operator

as

apphed m

the

clause and the uses of

adJunct

such as; prubub/y, c ltrtam~y. ulwuys and the use ot modal

grammatical

metaphor

sucn

as 1 think .- . 1 hd t~ ve a rc used m metaphoncal modalay T he

Epithet indtcates

some quality

or

rhc subset cxprcssmg tb ~ speak'er attitude that represents an

mterpersonal element m the nommal group. rhe F.ptther mclu-des evaluauve,

etlect,

(18)

I)

order to lind oui, whtch Epithet 1s apphed m the radio matogucs on tile ram1iy

planning program.

Tht: rt:asons tor studying interpersonal meanings ust;d m the radio programs

are

as

foilow.

I. Radio dialogues arc one of the many ways to communicate pohcy of the

governmt:;nt to citizens logically and systematically.

Analyzing radio dtalogues on the Hunily planning program is meant to

tina

out the proportion of Mental Process, Modality and Epithet applied.

Analyzing rad1o dialogues will encourage other writers to make further

research m diftcrcnt filed of writing.

1.2. The Problems of the Sludy

z

I. What is the proportion of Mental Process used in radio dialogues on family The problems are fonnulated as the fo llowing:

planning program of the Radio Republik Indonesia?

2. What is the proportion of Modality used in radio dialogues on family planmng

program ofthe Radio Repuhlik Indonesia?

3. What is the proportion of Epithet are applied to realize reaction in radio

(19)

I

l.J. The Ohjectiv~ ol the Study

In

relatiOn to the problems. the OOJectJves of th1s research are:

I.

lo t.:xammc

proponion

of

Mental Proct:ss in the radio dialogues

program.

2. to discover the proportion of Modality in the tadi"' dialogues, and

Y. to mvcsttgate the proportion of Epithet to realize

the

reason in the

rad1o d1alogues.

1.4. Tbe Scope of the Study

The study applies the theories of Sf .F as developed by Halliday and otner

systemicists. The analysis is aimed at observing speaker' s roles in the speech

situation and interaction with others. These can be seen in one of the component.-;; of

functional linguistics, interpersonal m eanings that include the Mental Process.

Modality and Epithet, available in the radio dialogues on family planning program on

Radio Republik Indonesia Medan.

13ased on that, the study is conducted in order to obtain the data describing the"'

proposition

of

the Mental Process that is dominantly used, Modality and Epithet in

the ~ adio dialogues on tamily planning program and the describtion will give some

useful mterpr~talions that can lead to the

findings

required in the study.

1.5. The Significance of the Study

i"he tindmgs of this study are expected to be significant -in two respects,

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SFi ., panicuiariy on the use of indones1~m spoken ianguagc. Pracucaiiy, tile i'mumgs

wiil be helpful tor the audience m undersrandmg the programs. Funhcrmore, the

findings would be of some use tor the radto broadcasters who are in charge of

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5.1. Conclusion

CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

40

After analy:ling the data on the radio dialogues, conclusions are drawn as

follows:

I. The dominant proportion of Mental Process used

by

the speakers in the radio

dialogues, m~ns that the types of experience negotiated in the. text is

dominately used by the action within of human mind. Further,

it

means that

the function of the speakers is to develop both the nation and eowJtry.

The dominant proportion of Modality used by the speakers five seventh of the

total clauses in the radio dialogues means that the speakers have certainty

towards something and give some logical and real predictions in expressing

the arguments.

3. The dominant proportion of Epithet used in the radio dialogue is eight

eleventh of the total clauses, implies that in expressing the arguments t~

speakers are influenced

by

their subjectivity in judging, giving facts, value,

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-II

5.2.

Suggestions

z

':)

In relation to the conclusiOns, suggesttons arc staged as tollows:

It is suggestt!d lor other researchers w ho wanl to conduct further studies on

interpersonal runction to apply different criteria to have more extended

studies.

2. lt is suggested lor the BKK~N Officers who are a l ~o get mvolved m the radio

d ialogue should be more certain to every explainalton

that

he/she delivers,

seems BKKBN mfonnation as in thei r field.

3.

It

is suggested for that the radto listeners in the radio dialogue should learn the

use of metaphoncaJ expressiOn in the radio program

by

which they can

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(24)

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INTERPERSONAL MEANINGS IN RADIO DIALOQUES.

··-···-A THESIS

Arranged by :

English

Sibarani,

UNIMEO.

lov<;;,

ABSTRAK

pendekatan

yang diperole11

ABSTRACT

Purba,

Process,

Modality,

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER THREE :THE RESEARCH M ETHOD .. . . .. . . ... . .. .. . . 29

: THE RESEARC H FINDINGS .. .. .. ... ... .. ...

LIST OF FIGURE

Language

interacllons

knows

is chosen

infonnation.

func uons

phrast.:s,

speech

ti.mctwns

Kadio

consc1ous

ind icatmg

adJunct

lo t.:xammc

findings

CHAPTER FIVE

Suggestions