Reactions towards racial discriminations seen from the conflicts in Richard Wright`S `Down By The Riverside`.

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“Down by the Riverside” ,created by Richard W irght ,i sa shor tstory t

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i x A R T S B A K n e e S s n o it a n i m i r c s i D l a i c a R s d r a w o T s n o it c a e R . A M I W A N I R A S T A K N I P e d is r e v i R e h t y b n w o D “ s ’t h g i r W d r a h c i R n i s t c il f n o C e h t m o r f ”. , a m r a h D a t a n a S s a ti s r e v i n U , a rt s a S s a tl u k a F , s ir g g n I a rt s a S n a s u r u J : a tr a k a y g o Y 1 0 2 4.

“Down by the Riverside”,dikarang oleh Richard W irght ,adalah sebuah i p a d a h g n e m m a l a d m a ti h t il u k i k a l e l g n a r o e s n a g n a u jr e p g n a t n e t k e d n e p a ti r e c a d a p n a k s u k o fi d i n i i s p ir k s n a s a h a b m e P . h it u p t il u k g n a r o h e l o i s a n i m ir k s i d e m g n a y m a ti h t il u k i k a l e l h a l a d a a i D . n n a M , a m a t u r e t k a r a

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n u p i k s e m t i k a s h a m u r e k a y n ir t s i a w a b m e m k u t n u g n a u jr e b n n a M . a g r a u l e k . u ti l a h n a k a g n u k u d n e m k a d it l a g g n it a i d a n a m i d n a g n u k g n il . i n i i s p ir k s m a l a d s a h a b i d g n a y n a h a l a s a m r e p a g it a d

A Permasalahan

a g i d g n a y k il f n o k n a g n e d n a ti a k r e b , a m a tr e

p mbarkan d i dalam certia .

i r a d n i m r e c r e t g n a y u k u s i s a n i m ir k s i d n a g n e d n a ti a k r e b , a u d e k n a h a l a s a m r e P k e t k a r p p a d a h r e t h o k o t ir a d i s k a e r n a g n e d n a ti a k r e b , a g it e k n a h a l a s a m r e P . k il f n o k ir a

d rasisme.

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D apan .

n a t a k e d n e p h a u b e s n a i d u m e K . a k a t s u p i d u t s n a k u k a l e m s il u n e p , a m a tr e p g n a Y l a r u tl u k o i s o

s -histo irka l dtierapkan untuk menganailsa permasalahannya . a r a t n a n a g n u b u h , i s a n i m ir k s i d i r o e t , k il f n o k i r o e t it r e p e s i r o e t a p a r e b e b , a y n ri h k A t a k a r a y s a m n a d a rt s a

s ,dan juga resens imasyaraka tAmeirca abad ke 19 juga .t u b e s r e t a s il a n a g n u k u d n e m k u t n u n a k p a r e ti d i r a d a m a t u h o k o t , n n a M a w h a b n a k k u j n u n e m t u b e s r e t a s il a n a i r a d l i s a H i m a l a g n e m i n i a ti r e

c banyak konfilk dengan orang kuil tpuith .Konfilk yang h e l o i m a l a i

d Mann mencerminkan disk irminas ira syang tejrad ipada masa tiu . g n a y m a ti h t il u k g n a r o i a g a b e s a y n ri d k a t a m ir e n e m m a i d a y n a h k a d it n n a M , li d a k a d it n a k u k a lr e p i

d namun dia menunjukkan bahwa dia bisa menolak . h it u p t il u k g n a r o i r a d u k u s i s a n i m ir k s i d n a k a d n

it Mannmelakukanaksii n ikarena

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d i s r e v i R e h t y b n w o D “ s ’t h g i r W d r a h c i R n i s t c il f n o C e h

t ”. Yogyaka tra :

1 0 2 , y ti s r e v i n U a m r a h D a t a n a S , s r e tt e L f o y tl u c a F , s r e tt e L h s il g n E f o t n e m tr a p e

D 4.

“Down by t he Riverside” ,created by Richard W irgh,t i sa shor tstory abou t e

h

t s rtuggle o fa blackman t oward sdisc irminaiton bywhtie people .Theanalysi so f s

i e H . n n a M , r e t c a r a h c r o j a m e h t n o s e s u c o f y d u t s s i h

t ablackmanwhoi st hel eade r n

ir b o t s e l g g u rt s e H . y li m a f s i h f

o ghi swfiet ot hehosptia latlhoughhi senvrionmen t .

m i h t r o p p u s t o n s e o d

m e l b o r p t s ri f e h T . y d u t s s i h t n i d e s s u c s i d e b o t s m e l b o r p e e r h t e r a e r e h T

h ti w s l a e

d theconfilct sdesc irbedi n t hestory .The secondproblem deal swtih r acia l c

e lf e r n o it a n i m ir c s i

d ted from t he confilcts .The t hrid one deal swtih the character’ s .

n o it a n i m ir c s i d l a i c a r e h t d r a w o t n o it c a e r

k o o t r e ti r w e h t ,t s ri F . s p e t s l a r e v e s d i d r e ti r w e h t ,s i s y l a n a e h t o d o

T a ilbrary

h c r a e s e

r method on working on t he subject .Then ,sociocu tlural-histoirca lapproach e

m o s , t x e N . s m e l b o r p e h t e z y l a n a o t s n a e m a s a d e il p p a s

i theo ire ssuch ast heo ire s , y t e i c o s d n a e r u t a r e ti l n e e w t e b n o it a l e r e h T . n o it a n i m ir c s i d n o s e ir o e h t ,t c il f n o c n o

s l a d n

a ot he r eview o fAme ircaHistoryi s app iled in19thcenturyarealso employed .s

i s y l a n a e h t e d i u g o t

t a h t s w o h s s i s y l a n a s i h t f o t l u s e r e h

T Mann, t hemain characte rof t hi sstory y

n a m d e c n e ir e p x

e confilct swtih whtie people .The confilct t ha tMann expe irenced .

a r e t a h t n i d e n e p p a h t a h t n o it a n i m ir c s i d l a i c a r s t c e lf e

r Mann i sno tonlyslience and ,

y l d a b d e t a e rt s y a w l a t a h t n a m k c a l b a s a y n it s e d s i h s t p e c c

a bu the also shows t ha t

n o it a n i m ir c s i d l a i c a r s ’ e ti h w y n e d n a c e

h aciton .sMann did hi saciton because he t

e g o t d e t n a

(14)

i x A R T S B A K n e e S s n o it a n i m i r c s i D l a i c a R s d r a w o T s n o it c a e R . A M I W A N I R A S T A K N I P v i R e h t y b n w o D “ s ’t h g i r W d r a h c i R n i s t c il f n o C e h t m o r

f erside”. Yogyakatra :

1 0 2 , a m r a h D a t a n a S s a ti s r e v i n U , a rt s a S s a tl u k a F , s ir g g n I a rt s a S n a s u r u J 4.

“Downbyt heRiverside”, dikarangolehRichardW irght ,adalahs ebuahcertia i s a n i m ir k s i d i p a d a h g n e m m a l a d m a ti h t il u k i k a l e l g n a r o e s n a g n a u jr e p g n a t n e t k e d n e p , a m a t u r e t k a r a k a d a p n a k s u k o fi d i n i i s p ir k s n a s a h a b m e P . h it u p t il u k g n a r o h e l o e m g n a y m a ti h t il u k i k a l e l h a l a d a a i D . n n a

M njad ikepala keluarga .Mann be jruang l a g g n it a i d a n a m i d n a g n u k g n il n u p i k s e m t i k a s h a m u r e k a y n ir t s i a w a b m e m k u t n u . u ti l a h n a k a g n u k u d n e m k a d it . i n i i s p ir k s m a l a d s a h a b i d g n a y n a h a l a s a m r e p a g it a d

A Permasalahan

g n a y k il f n o k n a g n e d n a ti a k r e b , a m a tr e

p digambarkan d idalamcertia .Permasalahan . k il f n o k i r a d n i m r e c r e t g n a y u k u s i s a n i m ir k s i d n a g n e d n a ti a k r e b , a u d e k ir a d k e t k a r p p a d a h r e t h o k o t i r a d i s k a e r n a g n e d n a ti a k r e b , a g it e k n a h a l a s a m r e P . e m s i s a r a p a r e b e b n a k a n u g g n e m s il u n e p , a y n a s il a n a n a k u k a l e m m a l a

D tahapan .Yang

n a t a k e d n e p h a u b e s n a i d u m e K . a k a t s u p i d u t s n a k u k a l e m s il u n e p , a m a tr e p l a r u tl u k o i s o

s -histo irka ldtierapkan untuk menganailsa permasalahannya .Akhrinya , n a d a rt s a s a r a t n a n a g n u b u h , i s a n i m ir k s i d i r o e t , k il f n o k i r o e t i tr e p e s i r o e t a p a r e b e b r a y s a

m akat ,dan j ugar esens imasyaraka tAme ircaabad ke 19j uga dtierapkan untuk .t u b e s r e t a s il a n a g n u k u d n e m a ti r e c i r a d a m a t u h o k o t , n n a M a w h a b n a k k u j n u n e m t u b e s r e t a s il a n a i r a d l i s a H i m a l a g n e m i n

i banyak konfilk dengan orang kuil tpuith .Konfilk yang dialam ioleh . u ti a s a m a d a p i d a jr e t g n a y s a r i s a n i m ir k s i d n a k n i m r e c n e m n n a

M Mann itdak hanya

, li d a k a d it n a k u k a lr e p i d g n a y m a ti h t il u k g n a r o i a g a b e s a y n ri d k a t a m ir e n e m m a i d n u m a

n dia menunjukkan bahwa dia bisa menolak itndakan disk irminas isuku dar i t u p t il u k g n a r

(15)

1

R E T P A H

C I

N O I T C U D O R T N I

.

A Backgroundo ftheStudy

y n a m s r e d a e r e h t e v i g n a c k r o w y r a r e ti l e h t g n i d a e

R beneifcia lvalues .

o s l a d n a g n i e b n a m u h a s a s u s e t a c u d e e r u t a r e ti l f o k r o w a g n i d a e

R entetrains

s

u .Wecanenjoyt he storyandalso en irch ou rknowledgeand expe irencei n

y ti l a e r e h T . e fi l f o y ti l a e r e h t d n a t s r e d n u y a m e w e r u t a r e ti l h g u o r h T . e fi l r u o

n i d e n e p p a

h thepas to rwhen t heautho rwro tethestory .WellekandWarren

n

i TheTheoryo fLtierature(1956 :102 )statethatl tierarywork scanplayt he

a e l o

r s a histo irca l documen t tha t records socia l reailites , which are

e m o c t a h T . r o h t u a e h t y b d e y a rt r o p y ll a c it s it r

a s to the wrtie rmind to think

e l p o e p k c a l b t u o b

a ’ s reacitons in Ameircan society in the 1930s to face

n

i equaltiytowardst hem .

e l p o e p k c a l

B mc e a fromAfirca,t heycamet o Ameircabecauset hey w ee r

e v a l s r i e h t s a e l p o e p e ti h w y b t h g u o r

b s .Thi sstiuaitonmad eblackpeople ilve

e h t n

i lower status than wh tie people in every stiuaiton .Wh tie people w ere

e l p o e p k c a l b d n a r o ir e p u

s w ere infeiror .A sstated in Ameirca’ sHistory by

,. l a t e a tt e r n e H s e m a J

n a c ir f A f o s e p o h e h t d i d o s , 7 7 8 1 n i d n e n a o t e m a c n o it c u rt s n o c e R n e h

W

-d e s i m o r p p i h s n e z it i c f o s t h g ir l a u q e e h t y o j n e d l u o w y e h t t a h t s n a c ir e m A

o it a c u d e n I .s t n e m d n e m a h t n e e tf i F d n a h t n e e tr u o F e h t y b m e h

t n t herewa s

s a w , e r a fl e w l a i c o s o t d n a , e c it s u j o t , s b o j o t s s e c c A . n o it a g e r g e s t c ir t s

.) 7 9 5 : 3 9 9 1 ( l a u q e n u d n a d e n i m r e t e d y ll a i c a r

e l p o e p k c a l

B w ee r rteate dunequallyand i nhumanly ,manyoft hem even d d ie

e

(16)

y e h

t w erealso t heslaveo fsociety .When wh tie people mad e amistake ,the

y t e i c o

s forgive and forge ti teasliy .On the othe rhand ,when black people

a

m ed a ltilte mistake ,society judged them and punishe d them fo ra big

t s i

m ake .Thiss tiuaitonmad eblackpeople ilveunde rwhtie’ soppression .They

n o it c a l u f m r a h o d o t e c i o h c o n e v a

h s to protectthemselves .They tend t o ilve

r o d e ll i k n a g o l s e h t h ti w e l g n u j e h t n i e k

il to bekilled .Thus ,many case so f

s k l o f e ti h

w weremurdered by black people becauset he black people had no

t c e t o r p o t n o it c a s i h t o d o t e c i o h

c himseflo rhisf amliy.

e h

T 1930s sw a theeraatfer et h Civi lwa rwhentherew asnomores lavery ,

y ti l a e r e h t t u

b wa stha tblackpeopleneve r ilved ni na equa lposiitona swh tie

e l p o e

p ddi .They even stli lh d a to ilvei n sufferi s ng and i n lowe rstatus than

s e ti h

w .Slavery in Un tied State sbecame lega lconsttiuiton atfe rAbraham

. s e v a l s k c a l b r o f y tr e b il d e r a l c e d n l o c n i

L Ame irca a Narraitve History by

l l a d n i

T stated tha t

e h

T newly freed slave ssuffered mos to fall .According to Fredeirck e h t m o r f e e r f s a w “ n a m s d n o b r e m r o f e h t ,t s i n o it il o b a k c a l b e h t ,s s a l g u o D

, y tr e p o r p , y e n o m r e h ti e n d a h e H . y t e i c o s f o e v a l s a t u b r e t s a m l u d i v i d n i

t a t n a l p d l o e h t m o r f e e r f s a w e H . s d n e ir f r o

n ion ,bu thehadnothingbutt he

e v a g e c n o t a h t r e tr a u q d l o e h t m o r f e e r f s a w e H . t e e f s i h r e d n u d a o r y t s u d

e H . r e t n i w f o s t s o r f e h t d n a r e m m u s f o s n i a r e h t o t e v a l s a t u b , r e tl e h s m i h

: 4 8 9 1 ( ” . y k s n e p o e h t o t e t u ti t s e d d n a , y r g n u h , d e k a n , e s o o l d e n r u t s a w

) 1 7

6 .

a m s i h

T d e the work o f Richard W irght , “Down b y the Riverside.”

e t a ir p o r p p

a fo rlearning abou treaciton toward sracia ldiscirminaiton seen

from t h ce onfilcts .Richard Wirgh tw as a Black m an who wa sborn in

i p p i s s i s s i

M no 4 Septembe r1908 .Hew aasg dr n sono fas lave .Hisf athe rwa s

(17)

e h

t Ameircan South and expeirenced bad rteatments from wh tie folks .He

a

w sone o fthe famou sblack authors w ho alway sciritcizes discirminaiton

w o

t a rds the blacks .In March o f1938, he pubilshed his colleciton o ffou r

s e ir o t

s a ndoneoft hem si ne itlted“Downb y theRiverside”(2008 :2-1 6 .)

Thi sshor tstory i sabou t lfood tha thappened i n t heAme ircan South .The

e l p o e p k c a l b t a h t n o it a n i m ir c s i

d expe irenced in thi s story can be seen

. y l s u o u c i p s n o

c A t tha t itme, black people did not ge thelp ,even a black

m o

w an died because she go tno help fo rdeilveirng he rbaby. The wh tie

o

s ldier salso stli l rteate d the black man ilke a slave. They were forced to

p e

r arit hel eveeand fit hey r efused,t hewhtie swouldshoott hem.Thi sma de

e v il e l p o e p k c a l

b d ni a dfi ifcul tposiiton .L dive unde rwhtie’ soppression fo r

a m e m it g n o

l d e them l earn t o survive and ifnally they w ere brave t o speak

r p p o e ti h w t s e t o r p o t t c a d n

a ession . tI could be seen tha tthi sw as thei r

s u j n i s d r a w o t n o it c a e

r itce tha thappene d to them .Thi sw as one o fthei r

n o it c

a s to reach thei r‘real ’freedom. By discussing the topic abou tblack

b ir t n o c l li w s i s e h t e h t t a h t s e p o h r e ti r w e h t , n o it c a e r s ’ e l p o e

p ute some

e h t t u o b a e g d e l w o n

k understanding fo achieving fo rthe j usitce and human

s t h g

ir .

.

B ProblemFormula iton

g k c a b f o n o it p ir c s e d e h t m o r

F roundoft hestudy,t hewrtie rm ead problem

n o it a l u m r o

f s to know abou tthe aspec ttha tw as analyzed .Then ,to suppo tr

u m r o f m e l b o r p e h

t laitons, t hewrtie rneedst o f ormulatesomequesitons ,and

(18)

.

1 Howaret heconfilcts desc irbedi nt hestory?

.

2 Howdot heconfilctsr elfectr acia ldisc irminaiton?

.

3 Howdot hecharacter sreactt owardracia ldisc irminaiton?

.

C Objec itves fo theStudy

n o it a l u m r o f m e l b o r p e h t n o d e s a

B s ,thi spar tha sa funciton to state the

e h t g n ir e w s n A . s e v it c e j b o e e r h t s a h s i s y l a n a s i h T . h c r a e s e r e h t f o s e v it c e j b o

r e d i s n o c r e ti r w e h t , e n o r e b m u n n o it s e u

q e d identfiying t heconfilctsthatl ate r

e h t t n e s e r p e

r interna lconfilct sand externa lcon lfilct sbetween Mann wtih

t n e m n o ri v n e s i h h ti w n n a M d n a f l e s m i

h a s revealed in Richard Wirgh t

. ” e d i s r e v i R e h t y b n w o D “

s n o it p ir c s e d e s o h

T late rconitnued ot thequesiton numbert wo .Thewrtie r

a

w ntst o r evealr acia ldiscirminaitonexpeirencedbyblack peoplei n Ameirca

n i n e e s s a s r e t c a r a h c f o e c n e ir e p x e e h t h g u o r h t s 0 3 9 1 n i y t e i c o

s thestorytha t

s a

w re lfecte dfromt heconfilct.

e l p o e p k c a l b f o n o it c a e r e h t t u o d n if o t s t n a w r e ti r w e h t , d ri h t e h

T toward s

n o it a n i m ir c s i d l a i c a

r .The confilct shappene d because o fwhtie oppression

e s u a

c d o fsrtuggleand black people’ sstirked againstt hewh tiepeople.I nt hi s

s d r a w o t n o it c a e r s ’ e l p o e p k c a l b e h t t u o b a d n a t s r e d n u o t s t n a w r e ti r w e h t , e s a c

. m s i c a r e h t

.

D Deifni itono fTerms

n i a l p x e o t s d e e n r e ti r w e h t g n i d n a t s r e d n u s i m e h t d i o v a o t , y d u t s s i h t n I

r a h c i R n o d e s u t a h t m r e t e h t t u o b

(19)

t c il f n o

C a sstated in A Handbook to Ltierature by Wliilam Harmon and

“ t a h t d i a s n a m l o H h g u

H Thestruggle t ha tgrow sou toft he i nterplay oft wo

.s e c r o f g n i s o p p

o ”( 2009 :123). I n t hi sdiscussion whati smean tbyconfilcti s

k c a l b e h t o s l a d n a e ti h w e h t d n a k c a l b e h t n e e w t e b r u c c o s i h c i h w m e l b o r p

h ti

w himselfi nordert or eac tagains twhtie’ soppresion.

l a i c a

R Disc irminaitona sstated i nTheNewEncyclopediaBrtiannica si al l

s i e c a r y b n o it a g e r g e s l a c i s y h P . e c a r n o d e s a b r u o i v a h e b l a it n e r e f fi d f o s m r o f

h c u s s r e h t o y n a m e r a e r e h t t u b , n o it a n i m ir c s i d l a i c a r f o m r o f e l b a t o n t s o m e h t

b e tt e u q it e f o s e l u r s

(20)

6 R E T P A H

C II

W E I V E R L A C I T E R O E H T .

A Reviewo fRelatedStudies

k c a l b s u o m a f e h t f o e n o s i t h g ir W d r a h c i

R authors who i s brave to speak y

ti l a e r e h t t u o b

a tha thappene d toward black people.He i sone o fblack authors

n o it u b ir t n o c s a h o h

w s toAf ircan-Ame ircanl tierature.

f o s t n e r r u c e h t o t d n o p s e r o t y ti li b a n a y b d e k r a m s a w t n e m p o l e v e d s ’t h g ir W

t n a c if i n g i s t s o m s i H . e m it s i h f o y r o t s i h l a u t c e ll e t n i d n a l a i c o s e h t

e ti h w o t s k c a l b y a rt r o p y l e t a r u c c a o t e ri s e d s i h s a w , r e v e w o h , n o it u b ir t n o c

readers , thereby desrtoying the whtie myth o f the paitent , humorou ,s t

n e i v r e s b u

s blackm an.

(http://www.olemis .sedu/mwp/di /rw irght_ irchard/)

s i ” e d i s r e v i R e h t y b n w o D

“ a shor ts y tor tha tha sbeen collected wtih othe r

t r o h

s sto ires andpubilshedin t hebookenitltedUncleTom’ sChlidrenin1938by e

c n e u lf n i e v it i s o p s e v i g y r o t s t r o h s s i h T . s n il l o C r e p r a

H s into hi scareer .A si t e

t a t

s d int hebiography.comtha t“thebookprovedt obeasigni ifcantt urningpoin t .r

e e r a c s i h n

i Thesto ire searnedhima$500p irzef romStorymagazineandl edto p

i h s w o ll e F m i e h n e g g u G 9 3 9 1

a ” (http://www.biography.com/people/ irchard

-t h g ir

w -9537751).

y r o t s t r o h s s i h

T wa sw irtten i n t he era when et h civi lwa rendedi nAme irca ,

e a r e t a h t n i d e d n e t o n s a h n o it a n i m ir c s i d e h t t u

b speciallyi nt heAme ircanSouth . s

y r o t s s i h t n i s t c il f n o c f o l l a t s o m l

A how tha t black people expe irenced i

m ir c s i

(21)

o r

w tealmos tal lo fhi sexpe irence i nhisl tierarywork .s Theundergraduate t hesi s h

c i h

w i sdone byDeasySeitaMayasa ir enitltedTheI nlfuenceo fRichard Wrigh t e

fi

L u np to he Main Character i n Naitve Son states tha t“almost al lo fW irgh’t s s e ti h W e h t n e e w t e b p a g e h t t u o b a y ti l a e r e h t s ll e t e H . n a m o r g e N t u o b a e r a s k r o w

l e v o n s i h t a h t s m e e s t I .s l e v o n s i h t u o h g u o r h t s k c a l B e h t d n

a s a er ther e lfecitono f

y ti l a e r e h

t ”(2002 :2). t h g ir W d r a h c i

R wa sbornandr aised i nthe Ame ircanSouth,i tmadehim il ve y

ti l a t u r b d n a e c n e l o i v f o l l u f s i e fi l s i H . d lr o w d r a h e h t n

i tha ti scaused b y

n o i s e r p p o s ’ e ti h

w .A sstated byFredyWjiayainhi sundergraduatet hesis enitlted s ’t h g i r W d r a h c i R f o r e t c a r a h C n i a M e h t n i n e e S s a y ti l a n o s r e P c it a p o h c y s P

. h t u o Y d n a d o o h d li h C f o d r o c e R A : y o B k c a l B

f o t o l a e v a h s k c a l b e h t , m e h t r o f e fi l r e tt e b a t e g o t s s e c o r p e h t h ti w g n o l A

fl e

s -confilc tin thei rown lfie .I ti saffected in thei rpersonaltiy , ilke wha t , l e v o n e h t n i r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h T . l e v o n e h t n i r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t o t d e n e p p a h

r W d r a h c i R s i h c i h

w igh thimsel ,fs ufferedf romakindo fpersonaltiydisorder . e fi l e h t d e c n e ir e p x e t h g ir W d r a h c i R , d o o h d li h c s i h n i e s u a c e b d e n e p p a h s i h T

m i h r o f d r a h y l e m e rt x e t a h

t a sachlid

) 3 : 7 0 0 2

( .

e c n e l o i v f o l l u f d lr o w e h t n i g n i v i

L make shimreailzetha thehast ospeakup

t s n i a g a t h g if d n

a thewhties tostopt hei rbad rteatments towardblacks . tIi sstated n

i the A+ETelevision Networks that t hemore he r ead about t he wo lrd,t he more a

m d n a t i e e s o t d e g n o l e

h deapermanen tbreakf romt heJ imCrowSouth ." Iwan t

d n e ir f a d l o t e h " , g n i h t e m o s r o f t n u o c o t e fi l y

m .

(22)

t n a w t h g ir W t a h

t s the wo lrd see the injusitce happened toward shi speople by .s

k r o w s i h g n i d a e

r W irghta sablackmanha sadutyt ospeakupf o rhi speople .

m o r f t n e r e f fi d s i r e ti r w e h t y b d e t c u d n o c s i h c i h w y d u t s e h t , n o i s u l c n o c e h t s A

f e h t n I . e v o b a s e i d u t s e h t f o h t o

b ris tstudy ,Deasy Seita Mayasa ir focuse son e

h t n i r e t c a r a h c n i a m e h t o t s ’ e fi l t h g ir W d r a h c i R f o e c n e u lf n

I NaitveSon.I n t he

, y d u t s d n o c e

s FredyWjiayafocuse sont hePsychopaitcPersonal tiya sSeeni nt he s

’t h g ir W d r a h c i R f o r e t c a r a h C n i a

M BlackBoy .Meanwhlie, t hestudyconducted e

s u c o f r e ti r w e h t y

b s ont hereacitonstowardsracia ldisc irminaitonsseenf romt he

n i s t c il f n o

c RichardW irgh’t s“Downbyt heRiverside”. .

B Reviewo fRelatedTheories

.

1 Theorie so fConfilct

s

A statedi nAHandbookt oLtieraturebyHughHolman da n WliilamHarmon t

a h

t confilct si thes rtugglet ha tgrow sou toft hei nterplayoft woopposingf orce .s n

o i s n e t d n a , e s n e p s u s , t s e r e t n i s e d i v o r p t c il f n o

C .They also state tha tconfilc t

s d n i k t n e r e f fi d r u o f n i d e v l o v n i e b y a

m namely srtuggle agains tnature ,agains t r

e h t o n

a person ,agains tsociety ,andagains tdesitny(2009 :123) .I tmeans to say t

a h

t confilc thappenedbetweent woconrtar yforcesandconfilc tmosltydea lwtih

. n o i s n e

t Confilc ti salsodividedi ntof ou rdfiferentkinds .Fristi ssrtuggleagains t e

r u t a

n .Nex ti sthe srtuggle agains tanothe rperson where a protagonis tha sa T

. r e t c a r a h c r e h t o n a h ti w t c il f n o

c he confilct nc a happen between na individua l

d n

a anothe rindividua lo ran individua land a group o fpeople. The thrid i s n

i a g

(23)

.s e v il e h e r e h w y t e i c o s e h t y b d e v e il e

b The l as tconfilc ti sagains tdes itny, t he r

e t c a r a h c t s i n o g a t o r

p hast os rtugglef o rhi sowndesitny.

e r e h t s ’ n o t n a t S n

I are two kind so fconfilct ,interna lconfilc tand externa l :)

6 1 : 5 6 9 1 ( t c il f n o c

.

a Interna lConfilc.t

s i h T . r e t c a r a h c a n i h ti w s e ri s e d o w t n e e w t e b d e n e p p a h s t c il f n o C l a n r e t n I

o t fl e s m i h h ti w s e u g r a r e t c a r a h c e h T . fl e s m i H s V n a M n e e w t e b s i t c il f n o c

e d i c e

d somethingwhenhef ace saproblemi nhisl fie. .

bExterna lConfilct

d n a r e t c a r a h c a n e e w t e b r o s r e t c a r a h c n e e w t e b d e n e p p a h s t c il f n o C l a n r e t x E

m e l b o r p a s e c a f r e t c a r a h c e h t n e h w d e n e p p a h t c il f n o c s i h T . t n e m n o ri v n e s i h

r e t c a r a h c r e h t o h ti

w s and ifgh tagainstt oothe rcharacte .r s

i t c il f n o c t a h t s e t a t s o s l a n o t n a t

S a n impo tran t elemen t o f plot . Two

s t n e m e l e t n a tr o p m

i o fplo tareconfilc tandcilmax.I tmeaningt osayt ha tconfilc t a

h ev animportantr oleoft hel tieraryworksbecausei talway sdeals wtiht he tp . lo .

2 Theorie so fDiscrimina iton

e t a t s s

A d in Internaitonal Encyclopedia o fEthics tha t“disc irminaiton i s e v it a g e n s a h t I . n o it a il if f a l a i c o s d n a l a c i s y h p n o d e s a b t n e m t a e rt l a it n e r e f fi d

impact on t he human’ smora lbehaviour”(Roth ,1995 :231). Ame irca can be a

e v it a t n e s e r p e

r counrty which has high disc irminaiton inside .People who ilve i n .

n o i g il e r d n a s e c a r y n a m f o t s i s n o c a c ir e m

A There are many kind o f

e b n a c t a h t n o it a n i m ir c s i

d found i n the US .“The crueles tdiscirminaiton i s t he

o it a n i m ir c s i

d nagainstt heAf ircan-Ame ircans” (Roth ,1995 :232). d

e lt it n e k o o b s i h n i z u r C n a n r e H o t g n i d r o c c

A Discriminaiton American e

l y t

(24)

o t s u c l a i c o s n i d e h c n e rt n

e m” (1977 :67) . tIi ncludes segregaitoni n ilvingplace, s

n o it u ti t s n i l a i c n a n

if refusal ,andt hepracitceo fl -owpayingj obtoward sminortiy

e l p o e p k c a l b s i e s a c s i h t n i p u o r

g .“Int he US,t hecrueles tact so fdisc irminaiton .

s e it ir o n i m l a i c a r e h t n i d e tt o p

s Af ircan Ame ircan in the lowes tstatu sin the ,s

s e n s s e lr e w o p e v it a l e r , y t e i c o

s mate ira l dep irvaiton , and sociopsychic

t n e m t n e s e

r ”(1977 :67). .

3 T Rhe ela itonbetweenLtieratureandSociety

n i d e t a t s s

A Theory o fL tierature by Wellek and Warren tha tltierature ha s s a h d n a s n o it u ti t s n i l a i c o s r a l u c it r a p h ti w n o it c e n n o c e s o l c n i n e s ir y ll a u s

u alsoa

, e s u r o , n o it c n u f l a i c o

s can no tbe purely i ndividual (1956 :94). Ltierature can r

e ti l e h t n e h w n e p p a h y t e i c o s e h t t c e lf e

r ature i sproduced ,because usually

e r u t a r e ti

l se ta ce train society a sthe setitng o fthe play. Graham Ltilte in the d o h t e M d n a t n e t n o C f o y d u t S l a c it i r C o t n o it c u d o r t n I n a : e r u t a r e ti L o t h c a o r p p A

g n it i r W n

i s say tha t“ltieraturei st hep irncipleo facutlure”(1963 :1). n

o it a l e r e h

T between l tierature and society aret hat l tieraturei san expression .

) 5 9 : 6 5 9 1 , n e r a W d n a k e ll e W ( y t e i c o s e h t f

o “Ltierarywork scanplay tisr olea s t

a h t t n e m u c o

d r c de o r socia lreailites ,happen in society ,which i saritsitcally

y b d e y a rt r o

p theauthors”(1956 :102). Ltieraturecanbemadef ort heoutilne so f .

y r o t s i h l a i c o

s Fo rexample,l tieraturecanbe a sa socia lpictureo fAmeircanl fie )

3 0 1 : 6 5 9 1

(25)

.

C Reviewo fAmericanSocietyi n et h early 02 thCentury

“Down by t he Riverside” i sset i n t he 1900-1930s i n Mississippi ,Ame ircan

. h t u o

S tI is t he era a tfe rthe civi lwa rendedi n Ame irca .TheNo trh tha twon t he r

a

w wante d to aboilsh slavery .Unfo trunately how the society behaved toward s o

h w e l p o e p k c a l B . h c u m s a e g n a h c t o n d i d k c a l

b weref reestli lcouldno t ilvei n

n

a equa lposi itona st hewhtie ,s t heystli lha d to r espec twhtie and rtea twhtie i n n

i d e t a t s s A . y t e i c o s e h t n i e c a l p t s e h g i h e h

t The Shappingo ftheAmerican Past y

e ll e K t r e b o R y

b tha t“thoughf ree ,black swere expectedt oshowdeference and

, s e s a r h p d n a s e r u t s e g l l a m s f o t s o h a y b , t c e p s e

r jus tas i n t he day so fslavery” t

a e rt l li t s y t e i c o s e h T . ) 7 5 3 : 6 8 9 1

( e dthema sslaves event heblack shave t ocal l ”

r e t s i M “ h ti w n a m s e ti h w l l

a .John K .Roth in the Encylopedia o fEthics also d

e t a t

s tha t“theend o fslavery i nt he Untied State sdid not ,and couldnot ,b irng n

o it a n i m ir c s i d o t d n e n

a ” (1995 :233 .) n

e e b e v a h e l p o e p k c a l

B e s en lav d fo ra long itme and people’ s stereotype

t o n e v a h m e h t t u o b

a changedyet .Theys itllt hought tha tblackpeoplea rewhtie’ s e

v a l s .s

d e s a b m e h t e g d u j e r p t o n s e o d t a h t y t e i c o s a d e c n e ir e p x e t o n e v a h o s l a y e h T

d n a s c it s ir e t c a r a h c l a c i s y h p n o p

u stereotypes . I t could be said tha t m o n o c e d n a , l a c it il o p , l a i c o s e h t n i d e d d e b m e e b o t s e u n it n o c n o it a n i m ir c s i

d ic

s e t a t S d e ti n U e h t f o c ir b a

f (R oth1995 :233). e

h

T quotaitonaboveshowe dthatt hedisc irminaitont oward sblackpeoplecanbe m

o r f d e if it n e d

(26)

.

1 Socia lCondi iton

e l p o e p k c a l

B never ge tthe equa l rteatmen tfrom society ,atlhough they are

y r e v a l s m o r f e e r

f .Whtie people alway sunderesitmated black people because e

r e w r o t s e c n a s ’ e l p o e p k c a l

b slaves .Tha tcondiiton make swhtiepeople assume y

e h t t a h

t are supe iro rthan black people .Whtie people alway sthink tha tblack

n a m u h n a h t s s e l e r a e l p o e

p (Thernsrtomand Thernstorm ,1997 :27) .Cha lre sS . n

o s n h o

J int heAmericai nBlackandWhtie yb ThernsrtomandThernstormstated :t

a h t

s i e r e h t t a h t w o n k I d n a , o r g e N a m a I w o n k I d n a o r g e N a e r a u o y w o n k y e h T

y a t s o t u o y t n a w y e h T . o r g e N a t a e rt o t g n i o g e r a e l p o e p e ti h w y a w n i a tr e c a

t g n i o g e r a y e h t h c u m o o t ti f o t u o t e g u o y f i d n a , e c a l p r u o y n

i opu tyouback

o t t o g u o y d n a h t u o S e h t n i s s o b e h t s i n a m e ti h w e h t t a h t s i h t y b n a e m I . ti n i

) 4 4 : 7 9 9 1 ( s s o b e h t s i e h e k il m i h o t k l a

t .

The quotaiton above shows tha tthe whtie people alway swanted to be in the f

o s s a l c r e p p

u the society .Theywanted t o show t heblack peoplet hat t hey used e

h t e b o

t bos sandweres itllthei rbos satlhought hes laveryerai sove .r

n o it a n i m ir c s i d s e ti h w e h

T can a lso be seen from the socia lcondiiton in the T

. h t u o

S heplacei nt hepubilcf aciilite sareseparatedi nto twoseciton :whtieand r e h t o e h t n o t u b , n o it c e s d e r o l o c e h t h g u o r h t s s a p n a c s e ti h w e h T . d e r o l o

c hand

n i d e t a t s s A . s n o it c e s e ti h w e h t h g u o r h t s s a p o t d e w o ll a t o n e r e w d e r o l o

c The

t s a P n a c i r e m A e h t f o g n i p p a h

S , Black swere segregated i n almos tal lo fpublic s e ir e t e m e c n e v e d n a , s e h c r u h c , s l a ti p s o h , s n o s ir p , s l o o h c s s a h c u s , s e it il i c a f

r e v o g e h T . ) 9 5 3 : 6 8 9 1 y e ll e K

(27)

e n ir t c o

d regards fo rthe reailite so fsouthern ilves ,i ti s neve rmade black and r

e d n u o t y l n o e c a l p n o it a g e r g e s e h t d n a ” l a u q e “ e ti h

w score the infeirortiy o f

s k c a l

b (Henrettae ta.l ,1993 :599 .)

n I . r a W l i v i C e h t r e tf a d e n e p p a h l li t s t n e m t a e rt l e u r c d n a y ti l a t u r b e h

T 1865 ,

s i h T . e e s s e n n e T n i d e z i n a g r o t s ri f s a w n a l K x u l K u K d e m a n n o it a z i n a g r o n a

t s i s n o c e l p o e p f o p u o r

g e d o fwhtie people who initmidated black people .U.S e

i m m u D r o f y r o t s i

H s statedt hat

m o r f s k c a l b e t a d i m it n i o t s l a u ti r y f o o g d n a s e m u t s o c d ri e w d e s u y e h T

s b o m e ti h w r e h t o d n a y e h t , d e li a f n o it a d i m it n i n e h W . s t h g ir r i e h t g n i s i c r e x e

s n a c ir e m A n a c ir f A f o s d e r d n u H . e c n e l o i v o t d e tr o s e r s p u o r g y r a ti li m a r a p d n a

e s e h t f o t l u s e r a s a d e r e d r u m y ll a t u r b r o , s e m o h r i e h t m o r f n e v ir d , n e t a e b e r e w

a g e i W ( s n o it c a ’ s p u o r

g n ,d 2009:180).

m e h t f o y n a M . e l p o e p k c a l b s d r a w o t n e p p a h o t d e u n it n o c t n e m t a e rt n a m u h n i e h T

. y ti l a t u r b s ’ e ti h w f o e s u a c e b d e i

d Int heJ imCrowSouth ,whtiepeoples eemed ot r

o w a l r o f d r a g e r y n a t u o h ti w y l d a b e l p o e p k c a l b t a e rt o t e s n e c il a e v a

h moraltiy

I . d e h s i w y e h t r e v e n e h

w tmade t he black people scared o fwhtie people for t ha t n

o s a e

r (Thernsrtom and Thernstorm ,1997 :46) .America’ sHistorystatedthati n y

tr o f m o r f e s o r s g n i h c n y l f o r e b m u n e h t , h t u o S e h

t -eighti n1917t os eventy-eigh t

. s m r o fi n u y r a ti li m r i e h t g n ir a e w l li t s e li h w d e h c n y l e r e w s k c a l b l a r e v e S . 9 1 9 1 n i

n o it i d n o c t a h

T became worse eb cause fo Ame ircan i mpe irailsm and also black i

e c i v r e

s nWo lrd WarI .The rteatmen tofl ynchingblackpeoplei ncreased int he

n e w t d n a , 0 3 9 1 n i d e h c n y l e r e w k c a l b y t n e w t e r e h w s 0 3 9 1 y lr a

e t -y four i n 1933

.l a t e a tt e r n e H

( ,1993:771) .In the South ,race harted ,manfiested in a wave o f s

g n i h c n y

(28)

e l y t s e fi l s ’ e ti h w f o t r a

p (Henretta e ta.l,1993: 95 ). 9 This i ssue desc irbed t hat i n e

l p o e p k c a l b g n il li k a r e t a h

t w as so easy ,even t hel aw did no twork prope lry t o

a h e l p o e p k c a l B . e l p o e p k c a l b t c e t o r

p d to ifgh tagains twhtie sbyt hemselve .s . s e v l e s m e h t y b w a L w o r C m i J t s n i a g a t h g if e l p o e p k c a l b , s e it i c l a r e v e s n I

, .l a t e a tt e r n e

H int heAmerica’sHistorystatedt hat n r e h t u o s , y t n u o C s e m ir G f o s k c a l b e h t e k i

L black sin many place sresisted m i J t s ri f e h t d e t p o d a a i g r o e G n e h W . d l u o c y e h t t s e b s a n o i s s e r p p o e ti h w

, tt o c y o b a d e r a l c e d s k c a l b a t n a lt A , 1 9 8 1 n i s r a c t e e rt s o t g n i y l p p a w a l w o r C

d e t a g e r g e s t s n i a g a s tt o c y o b e r e w e r e h t s r a e y n e e tf if t x e n e h t r e v o d n a

t e e rt

s carsi natl eastt wenty ifveciites( 1993 :599 .)

e l p o e p k c a l

B ea r triedo filvingunde rwhtie’ soppression . tIi ss hownoneoft hei r t s n i a g a k c a b t h g if y e h T . s e c a l p c il b u p e h t n i y ti l a u q e n a t e g o t n o it c a e v a r

b the

n o it a r a p e s d e g n a r r a t a h t w a l w o r C m i

J o fpubilcplacesi ntot wo secitonbetween

.s k c a l b d n a s e ti h

w Atlhough blackpeoplecouldbekilledbecauseoft hei raciton t x e n r i e h t r o f e r u t u f r e tt e b e h t d e t n a w y e h t e s u a c e b d i a r f a t o n e r e w y e h t

. n o it a r e n e g

.

2 Economy

b , n o it i d n o c c i m o n o c e e h t n

I lack people who i sused to be slaves have to t

e p m o

c e wtih poore rwhties t o ge ta j ob .I tmakes t he black lfie’ sharder, t hey

b o j a t e g o t s e ti h w r e r o o p h ti w g n it e p m o c y b e v i v r u s d n a e fi l ri e h t e v a s o t e v a

h .

m r o t s n r e h T d n a m o rt s n r e h

T int heAmericai nBlackandWhtiestatedt hat

o t d e n if n o c e r e w y e h t e s u a c e b r o o p e r e w s k c a l b n r e h t u o s f o y ti r o j a m t s a v e h T

ll

i -paid , insecure , menia l jobs—job s tha t few whtie s would take . In r e v o , e t a t s k c a l b y li v a e h t s o m e h t s a l l e w s a n a ir a r g a t s o m e h t , i p p i s s i s s i M

o w

(29)

n r e h t u o s n i d e k r o w o h w s e ti h w e h t f o t n e c r e p 0 4 r e v o h ti w d e r a p m o c

r c e r a h s “ r e h ti e e r e w e r u tl u c ir g a n i d e y o l p m e s k c a l b t s o M . e r u tl u c ir g

a oppers”

) 4 3 : 7 9 9 1 ( ” s r e r o b a l “ r

o .

k c a l b f o w e f y l n o t a h t n w o h s s i

tI s can have thei rown l and because t he whtie s k

c a l b t n a w t o n d i

d s t ohavet hei rownl and .Theywan tblacktoconitnueworki ng y l n o s e m it e m o s , y tr e p o r p l a r u r y l n o n w o d l u o c n e m k c a l b s e m it e m o S “ . m e h t r o f

9 5 3 : 6 8 9 1 , y e ll e K ( ” . n a b r

u ).

e s u a c e b e s r o w e m a c e b n o it i d n o c s i h

T Maulana Karenga in Introduciton to n

o it i d E d n 2 s e i d u t S k c a l

B statedtha t

However ,economically ,Congres s did no t give Black s the suppor t they y m o n o c e n r e h t u o s e h t o t n i k c a b d e t a r g e t n i e r y ll a it n e s s e e r e w y e h t d n a d e d e e n

i m e s r e d n

u -enslavedcondiiton sass harecroppers(1993 :145).

r e d r a h e m a c e b e fi l ri e h t s 0 3 9 1 e h t g n ir u d d n a d r a h n e e b s y a w l a d a h e fi l ri e h T

e b n a h

t fore.I tmadet hemt riedo filvingunde rpovetry ,butt hestiuaitonchanged k

a m d e tr a t s e l p o e p k c a l B , s 0 6 9 1 y lr a e e h t d n a s 0 5 9 1 e h t n

i i ng thei rown move .

a t e a tt e r n e H s e m a

J l., inAmerica’ sHistorystatedtha t e ti h w y n a m d e m r a l a s s e n e v it r e s s a w e n s ’ k c a l

B Ame ircans .They had been , s 0 6 9 1 y lr a e d n a s 0 5 9 1 e h t f o s m r o f e r e t a r e d o m e h t h ti w g n o l a o g o t g n il li w

o t s s e c c a e t a i d e m m i g n i d n a m e d d e tr a t s s k c a l b n e h w y r a w e r e w y e h t t u b

r e h g i

h -paying jobs , bette r housing in previously whtie neighborhoods , o

o h c s d e t a r g e t n

i ls ,andi ncreasedpoilitca lpowers( 1993 :957 .)

e v il o t t n a w y e h t e s u a c e b n o it i d n o c c i m o n o c e t s n i a g a n o it c a e r ri e h t f o e n o s i s i h T

n i g n i v il r e g n o l o n e r e w y e h t t a h t e z il a e r y e h T . e r o f e b n a h t n o it i d n o c r e tt e b e h t n i

c o t t n a w m e h t e d a m t i d n a a r e y r e v a l

s hanget he rif ate and ifghtf or t heri l fie t o .

(30)

. 3 L aw

w a l e h

T ta tha t itme did no twork a s ti w as supposed to be .The law stli l

s a w e l p o e p k c a l b t a h t e s a c a s a w e r e h t n e h W . e d i s s ’ e ti h w e h t n i d e k r o w

e h t n O . e k a t s i m g i b a r o f m e h t d e h s i n u p d n a m e h t e g d u j d l u o w w a l e h t , d e s u c c a

r e h t

o hand ,whenwhtie peoplemade any kindo fc irmet oward sblack,t he cour t

m e h t h s i n u p d l u o

w mli dlyandevenf orgeti teasliy .

t s n i a g a s e m ir c f o d e s u c c a s e ti h w e t u c e s o r p o t d e s u f e r , e li h w n a e m , s tr u o c e h T

e r o m s a w g n i h t o N . e c n e l o i v d n a y c n e u q e r f n i y l d i p a r w e r g h c i h w , s k c a l b

l a t o t r i e h t n a h t , t c a f n i , s k c a l b o t g n i n e tr a e h s i

d inab litiy to receive anything r o y fi t s e t r o t i u s g n ir b o t n e v e , s e t a t s n r e h t u o S e h t f o s tr u o c e h t n i e c it s u j e k il

.) 7 5 3 : 6 8 9 1 , y e ll e K ( s e ir u j n o t i s

n i y fi t s e t o t d e w o ll a t o n e r e w s k c a l b e h t , e ti h w d n a k c a l b n e e w t e b s e s a c f o l l a n I

i e s a c e h t s s e l n u t r u o

c nvolvedothe rblacks( Kelley ,1986 :359) .Thisi sanothe r o

r

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e ti h

w -dominatedcasteorder(1997 :48).

y b y t e i c o s d e t a g e r g e s y ll u f a e m it t s ri f e h t r o f e m a c e b h t u o S e h t ,s 0 9 8 1 e h t n I

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. l a u q e t u b e t a r a p e s m e h t e k a m d n a e l p o e p s k c a l b s d r a w o t n o it a n i m ir c s i d s ’ e ti h w

l a t e a tt e r n e H

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d e t s i s e r s e c a l p y n a m n i s k c a l

b whtieoppression a sbestt heycould ,even Altanta s tt o c y o b e r e w e r e h t s r a e y n e e tf if t x e n e h t r e v o d n a t t o c y o b a d e r a l c e d s k c a l b

e w t t s a e l t a n i s r a c t e e rt s d e t a g e r g e s t s n i a g

a nty ifveciites ( Henretta e ta.l ,1993 :

.) 9 9 5

e l d d i m e h t n

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. n e z it i c e h t r o f s e g a t n a v d a s i d d e s u a c

s a s n a k r A n i d o o lf y lt s o c d n a e v it c u rt s e d t s o m e h t s a w 7 2 9 1 f o d o o l F e h T

r o w e h t f o e n o d n a y r o t s i

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e h t n i s e t a t s d e t c e f f a r e h t

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e r e w e l p o e p k c a l b e h t ,t e y r e v o t o n s a w g n ir e f f u s r i e h t ,r e v o s i d o o lf e h t n e h W

.r e d r o s ’ e ti h w e h t r e d n u e e v e l e h t ri a p e r o t d e c r o

f When t he black srefused ,the .

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d e r u c c o d o o lf 7 2 9 1 e h t f o y s r e v o rt n o c d e t a e h t s o m e h t s p a h r e p , i p p i s s i s s i M n I

e h t r e v o y lr a l u c it r a p d n a , e ll i v n e e r G n i s e e g u f e