Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri ekstrak Etanol, Fraksi n-heksan, Fraksi Kloroform dan Fraksi Etilasetat daun Jambu Mete (Anacardium occidentale L.)
Abstrak
Masyarakat Indonesia telah lama mengenal dan menggunakan tanaman berkhasiat obat, sebagai upaya dalam menanggulangi masalah kesehatan. Salah satunya daun jambu mete yang biasa dikonsumsi sebagai sayur oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Daun jambu mete mengandung flavonoid dan tanin yang berkhasiat sebagai antibakteri.
Skrining fitokimia serbuk simplisia, ekstrak etanol, fraksi n-heksan, fraksi kloroform dan fraksi etilasetat. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut alkohol 80% dan dilanjutkan dengan fraksinasi secara berturut-turut menggunakan pelarut n-heksan, kloroform dan etilasetat. Masing-masing ekstrak dan fraksi dilakukan uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli dengan metode difusi agar menggunakan silinder logam.
Hasil skrining fitokimia serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak etanol daun jambu mete menunjukkan adanya glikosida, saponin, flavonoida, tanin dan triterpenoida/steroid. Fraksi n-heksan menunjukkan adanya triterpenoida/steroida, fraksi kloroform mengandung senyawa alkaloid, fraksi etilasetat menunjukkan adanya glikosida, saponin, flavonoida dan tanin. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol dan fraksi etil asetat memberikan efek terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli dengan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) sebesar 10 mg/ml dengan diameter berturut-turut sebesar 11,66 mm; 11,10 mm; 11,13 mm; dan 10,98 mm. Fraksi etilasetat pada konsentrasi 5 mg/ml dengan diameter sebesar 13,33 mm; 13,33 mm; 14,11 mm dan 14,10 mm. Fraksi n-heksan dan kloroform tidak memberikan aktivitas antibakteri.
Antibacterial Activity Of Ethanol Extract, n-Hexane Fraction, Chloroform Fraction and Aethylacetate Fraction Of Cashew Nut Leaves
(Anacardium occidentale L)
Abstract
Indonesian society has rocignized and consumed medicinal plants as taking health care. One of them is cashew nut leaves which consumed as vegetable by Indonesian people. It contains flavonoid and tanin which use as antibacterial activity.
The phytochemical screening of simplex powder, extract ethanol, n-hexane fraction, chloroform fraction and aethylacetate fraction. The extration process by maceration method using ethanol as solvent and fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform then aethylacetate. The antibacterial activity for each extract and fractination was measured by means of agar diffusion method using punch hole.
The phytochemical screening result of cashew nut leaves shows the presence of glycoside, saponine, flavonoid, tanin and triterpenopida/steroid. n-hexane fraction presence of triterpenoid/steroid. aethylacetate fraction presence of glycoside, saponine, flavonoid and tanin. Chloroform fraction presence of alkaloid. The result of antibacterial activity examination showed ethanol extract and aethylacetate fraction gave antibacterial activity effect against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were 10 mg/ml and inhibition diameter were consecutively as follows 11.66 mm, 11.10 mm, 11.13 mm and 10.98 mm. For aethylacetate fraction were 5 mg/ml and inhibition diameter were consecutively as follows 13.33 mm, 13.33 mm, 14.11 mm and 14.10 mm. The n-hexane fraction and chloroform fraction has no antibacterial effect.
