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UJI EFEKTIVITAS SEDIAAN GEL EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SAMBUNG RAMBAT (Mikania cordata (Burm.f.) B.L.Rob.)
TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN LUKA SAYAT
Abstrak
Latar Belakang: Sambung rambat (Mikania cordata (Burm.f.) B.L.Rob.) termasuk jenis gulma yang terdapat di perkebunan kelapa sawit dan karet. Tumbuhan ini secara tradisional telah digunakan sebagai obat untuk mengatasi bengkak, disentri, gatal-gatal, tukak lambung, batuk, sakit mata, sakit kepala dan mengobati luka. Metabolit sekunder yang terdapat pada tumbuhan ini dapat membantu proses penyembuhan luka.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasi ekstrak etanol daun sambung rambat dalam bentuk sediaan gel dan menguji efektivitasnya terhadap penyembuhan luka.
Metode: Serbuk daun sambung rambat dimaserasi dengan pelarut etanol 80%. Maserat yang diperoleh diuapkan dengan alat rotary evaporator (±500C) dan bantuan vakum, kemudian dilakukan pengeringan beku dengan freeze dryer suhu -400C. Terhadap serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak etanol daun sambung rambat (EEDSR) dilakukan karakterisasi dan skrining fitokimia. Ekstrak yang diperoleh diformulasi menjadi sediaan gel berbasis HPMC dengan konsentrasi 0,5, 1, 1,5, 2 dan 2,5%. Sediaan gel diuji efektivitasnya terhadap luka sayat pada punggung kelinci dengan diameter 2 cm dan dievaluasi sediaan gel selama 90 hari.
Hasil: Hasil skrining fitokimia serbuk simplisia dan EEDSR mengandung flavonoida, tanin, saponin, glikosida dan triterpenoid/steroid. Hasil karakterisasi simplisia dan ekstrak masing-masing diperoleh kadar air (6,66% dan 11,31%), kadar sari larut air (27,68% dan 39,68%), kadar sari larut etanol (33,83% dan 66,58%), kadar abu total (3,61% dan 2,18%) dan kadar abu yang tidak larut asam (0,64% dan 0,25%). Hasil uji efektivitas sediaan gel EEDSR terhadap penyembuhan luka sayat untuk konsentrasi 0,5, 1, 1,5, 2 dan 2,5% berturut-turut sembuh setelah pemberian gel selama 20, 19, 18, 17 dan 16 hari. Hasil statistik menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kelompok sediaan gel EEDSR dengan kontrol negatif yaitu 22 hari dan tanpa perlakuan sembuh selama 24 hari (p<0,05). Penyembuhan tercepat terjadi pada kelompok yang diberi gel EEDSR 2,5% dan lebih cepat menyembuhkan luka sayat pada kelinci dibandingkan betadine salep sembuh selama 17 hari. Hasil evaluasi gel EEDSR stabil dalam penyimpanan 90 hari, homogen, pH yang diperoleh 6,2-6,9. Nilai viskositas untuk basis gel, gel EEDSR 0,5, 1, 1,5, 2 dan 2,5% berturut-turut adalah 3900, 3700, 3500, 3300, 3100 dan 2900 cps.
Kesimpulan: Ekstrak etanol daun sambung rambat dapat diformulasi dalam bentuk sediaan gel dan mempercepat penyembuhan luka sayat.
Kata kunci : ekstrak etanol daun sambung rambat, sediaan gel, luka sayat, skrining fitokimia
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EFFECTIVITY TEST OF GEL DOSAGE FORMS USING ETHANOL EXTRACT OF SAMBUNG RAMBAT (Mikania cordata (Burm.f.) B.L.Rob.)
LEAF FOR WOUND HEALING
Abstract
Background: Sambung rambat (Mikania cordata (Burm.f.) B.L.Rob.) is one type of weed that is often found in oil palm and rubber plantations. Traditionally, this plant has been used as medicine by the people to cope with the swelling, dysentery, itching, stomach ulcers, cough, sore eyes, headaches and treat wounds. Secondary metabolites contained in this plant can help the process of wound healing.
Objective: The purpose of this research was formulated ethanol extract of sambung rambat leaf in gel dosage forms and test its effectiveness on wound healing.
Method: The powder of sambung rambat’s leaf was macerated by ethanol 80%. The macerate was evaporated by using rotary evaporator (± 500C), then was dried
by freeze dryer (-400
C). Simplicia powder and ethanol extract of sambung rambat (EEDSR) was characterized and screened phytochemically. The extract was formulated into dosage form by using HPMC as gel base with its concentration 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5%. Further preparations of gel was evaluated and then tested its effectiveness against wound with a diameter of 2 cm on a rabbit and gel was evaluated for 90 days.
Result: The result from phytochemical screening showed that the powder and EEDSR contained flavonoids, tannins, saponins, glycosides and steroid/ triterpenoid. The characterization of simplicia powder and EEDSR were obtained with water content (6.66% and 11.31%), water soluble extract content (27.68% and 39.68%), ethanol soluble extract content (33.83% and 66.58%), total ash content (3.61% and 2.18%) and ash content which was insoluble in acid (0.64% and 0.25%). The result of effectivity test of EEDSR gel preparations against wound healing at a concentration of 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2 and 2.5% in a row recovered after was given of the gel for 20; 19; 18; 17 and 16 days. The results of the statistics showed that there were significant differences with the negative control that was cured on 22 days and without treatment was cured on 24 days (p<0.05). The fastest healing occured in that was given 2.5% EEDSR gel and the effect of wound healing was faster than Betadine ointment which was 17 days. The evaluated result from EEDSR gel preparations were stable for 90 days in storage, homogeneous, pH values from 6.2 to 6.9. Viscosity values for base gel, gel EEDSR 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2 and 2.5% in a row were 3900; 3700; 3500; 3300; 3100 and 2900 cps.
Conclusion: Ethanol extract of sambung rambat leaf can be formulated into gel preparation and accelerates wound healing.
Keywords: sambung rambat leaf ethanol extract, gel, wound, phytochemical screening.
