THE USE OF PROJECT BASED LEARNING METHOD TO ENCOURAGE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL FOR HIGH SCHOOL IN SMAN 2
SEMARANG
Habib Adnan Rahmatullah1
Muhimatul Ifadah2
Dodi Mulyadi
Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Semarang Corresponding authors : hadnan333@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Rahmatullah, Habib Adnan.2022. The use of Project Based Learning Method to Encourage Students’ Speaking Skill For High School in SMAN2 Semarang, Undergraduate Program. Muhammadiyah University, Advisor 1 : Muhimatul Ifadah, MP.d., Advisor 2 : Dodi Mulyadi, MP.d.
Keyword: project based learning, students’ speaking skill, encourage students
Speaking is an interactive process of constructing ideas includes the production and reception, and processing information (Brown, 1994; Burn & Joyce, 1997). Means that speaking is such an activity to produce the ideas orally to the audience. In addition, speaking is the ability to utter a sentence to convey or express intentions, ideas, opinions and feelings that are developed and arranged in appropriate with the needs of the listener so that what is conveyed can be understood by the listener. Based on Bailey and Savage (1994:7) cited in Fauziati (2010:15) stated that speaking is the most demanding skill in Learning English as the foreign or second language. In this research, the use of Project Based Learning to encourage students’ speaking skill is researched, the objective of encouraging students’ speaking skill is to make them become
Introduction
A. Background of the Study
Speaking is an interactive process of constructing ideas includes the production and reception, and processing information (Brown, 1994; Burn & Joyce, 1997). Means that speaking is such an activity to produce the ideas orally to the audience. In addition, speaking is the ability to utter a sentence to convey or express intentions, ideas, opinions and feelings that are developed and arranged in appropriate with the needs of the listener so that what is conveyed can be understood by the listener.
Based on Bailey and Savage (1994:7) cited in Fauziati (2010:15) stated that speaking is the most demanding skill in Learning English as the foreign or second language. Therefore, through the appropriate method that used by the teacher student can mastered the speaking skills as expected. However, speaking is an activity that occurs spontaneously. Therefore, speaking strongly influenced by the circumstances in which speaking activities take place or what is the context that guided the running of this activity in appropriate ways. For example that when we talk about toys as a topic, it can be believed that things discussed will not to be far from their thoughts about toys. Back to the main point why students should be encouraged to be able to speak in English because language are useful when used frequently.
Moreover, speaking is skills that are more practical and should be mastered by the students, because it is a productive skill and the basic competencies that students must achieve according to the syllabus’ assessment. Students not only learn theoretically about speaking but they also have to practice it more often.
Indeed, teacher to consider that there are not all of the student have the same interest in speak in English. According to Munjayanah (2004:17) cited in Fitriani 2016:106) state that learners have their own difficulties in learning the language, improving speaking is not easy for the students. In Indonesia, as English is adopted as a foreign language, therefore it is not easy to learn it. Usually students most common problem in Indonesia is that they were often felt doubt to speak in English in classrooms and worried of making mistakes or simply shy due to the mistakes. Then, they cannot think of something or they cannot speak about what they are trying to speak. Last, the students are not interested to participate actively in speaking English even though in a classroom or a small group on their class.
In this case, we need to stimulate the student to become interested in use of speaking. So, as a teacher we must try to find a lot of ways to encourage students interest in use of speaking in English. For the first thing that we have to know in order to stimulate the student for habitually using English as part of their daily languages is the instance by our self. We have to give an example as a role model in class, no need to expect much or burdening them to use speaking in English for the rest of their activity. We can stimulate them in a simple way first and in a little scale or place for an example is in a small group classroom. Make a little group to
discuss a simple things first but frequently to make sure that the student become more enjoy and be able to speak in English without any anxiety.
Of course there are many things or main topic to started the discussion, that is why use a simple theme that is related to their daily life or anything that can be searched in their environment easily.
Furthermore, related with students speaking performance that is the use of Project Based Learning as the method to encourage the interest of students speaking because this method allowing “students to design, plan, and carry out an extended project that produces a publicy exhibited output such as a product, publication, or presentation”
(Patton, 2012:13). Through PBL, the learners are engaged in purposeful communication to complete authentic activities (project-work), so that they have opportunity to use the language in a relatively natural context (Haines, 1989, as cited in Fragoulis, 2009) and participate in meaningful activities which require authentic language use (Fragoulis, 2009).
Table 1.
Questionnaire of the effectiveness of Project Based Learning into encouraging students interest, their difficulties when in speaking performance, and their response due to Project Based Learning techniques as a stimuli for learning process
No Statement SA (Strongly Agree)
A (Agree)
N (Neutral)
D (Disagree)
SD (Strongly Disagree)
1. The effectiveness Project Based
Learning to encouraging students interest in
speaking English
0% 68,65%
(25)
12,3%
(4)
19,05%
(7)
0%
2. Students problem whether if using
Project Based Learning in learning process or
not using it
0% 39,40%
(14)
33,78%
(12)
19,05%
(7)
7,77%
(3)
3. Are those difficulties affect
their whole learning progress
7,77%
(3)
37,72%
(13)
23,85%
(8)
15,33%
(6)
15,33%
(6)
4. Is it possible to learn speaking skill
in a few meeting
0% 79,29%
(28)
7,77%
(3)
7,77%
(3)
5,17%
(2)
5. Are the difficulties in speaking English can be
0% 5,17%
(2)
23,85%
(8)
58,68%
(22)
12,3%
(4)
learning process in school
6. Are Project Based Learning method
can stimuli their learning process in
speaking English
0% 58,68%
(22)
29,02%
(10)
12,3%
(4)
0%
7. Project Based Learning is a good
method to encourage student
in speaking progress
0% 43,89%
(15)
50,95%
(19)
2,58%
(1)
2,58%
(1)
The questionnaire above was given to 36 amount of students and fill the answer which the first of the question, “The effectiveness Project Based Learning to encouraging students interest in speaking English”. It was clearly that no other students are choosing strongly agreed, 25 students agreed, 7 students showed about disagreement, whereas 4 students choose neutral. It means that 68,65% of students agreed that project based learning can encourage them to be interested in speaking in English when learning process was occurred.
Then, the next questionnaire was about “Students problem whether if using Project Based Learning in learning process or not using it”. In this question there
be used in classroom or discussion section, and around 33,78% exactly 12 students choose to be between in use of it, last about 7 students (19,05%) disagreed with the used of project based learning in the study meeting. Seems that there is a 50-50 toward using this method in class, when it comes to observation students in SMAN 2 Semarang tend to adjust any method.
Third, “Are those difficulties affect their whole learning progress”. The difficulties are talked about the extent to which students understanding the subject using project based learning method. The answer is around 13 students or 37,72%
answered that indeed they facing some difficulties due to project based learning method in their learning section, but 12 students seems opposite and answered that there is the same whether using it or do a study in ordinary method.
In statement fourth “Is it possible to learn speaking skill in a few meeting”.
There are so many students choose agreed and its about 79,29% or 28 students.
Means that learning speaking may easy for them when it come to a few meeting only, as far as researcher observing, a lot of students in SMAN 2 Semarang already have innate knowledge in their previous school. Learning language actually not as hard as it seems for them, and using Project Based Learning kinda encourage them more in order to be able to speaking in English fluently.
The fifth question, ”Are the difficulties in speaking English can be fixed in a few meeting due to learning process in school”. There is a differences between learning and fixing the difficulties of learning speaking in a few meeting, in this case 58,68% (22 students) are disagree that speaking can be fixed in just a few meetings. There are many factor that require to be able to speak properly, unlike
our own mistake to become good at something need a bit more time. Therefore, only 2 students seems able to good at fixing their speaking problems just in a few meeting.
Late in sixth questions,”Are Project Based Learning method can stimuli their learning process in speaking English”. Students choose agreed that require 58,68% (22 person) of them, about 29,02% or 10 students choose neutral, and 4 students choose disagree. It can be concluded that above half of the class agreed Project Based Learning can stimuli their learning process especially in speaking English.
SUGGESTIONS
Based on the result of research conducted and conclusions obtained, the researcher would like to suggest as the students are suggested to be active in learning process in order the can understand the material and improve their result especially in speaking in English more confident and more often, the English Teacher are suggested to use Project Based Learning because this method is effective to encourage students’ speaking in learning process. The principle is supposed to give more motivation to the students in order to the students can be more excite in English
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