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KARAKTERISASI SIMPLISIA DAN SKRINING FITOKIMIA SERTA UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK N-HEKSAN ETILASETAT DAN
ETANOL DAUN SISIK NAGA (Pyrrosia piloselloides (L.) M.G.Price)
ABSTRAK
Daun sisik naga (Pyrrosia piloselloides (L.) M.G.Price) merupakan tumbuhan epifit, pada umumnya digunakan masyarakat untuk mengobati beberapa penyakit seperti radang gusi, batuk, sariawan dan kanker. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan karakteristik simplisia, kandungan senyawa kimia dan aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak n-heksan, etilasetat dan etanol daun sisik naga.
Pemeriksaan karakteristik simplisia meliputi pemeriksaan makroskopik, mikroskopik, penetapan kadar air, penetapan kadar sari larut air, penetapan kadar sari larut etanol, penetapan kadar abu total dan penetapan kadar abu tidak larut asam. Skrining fitokimia dilakukan terhadap serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak n-heksan, etilasetat dan etanol daun sisik naga meliputi pemeriksaan golongan senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, glikosida, saponin, tanin dan steroid. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan terhadap ekstrak n-heksan, etilasetat dan etanol daun sisik naga menggunakan metode pemerangkapan radikal bebas DPPH
(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil) setelah 60 menit dengan panjang gelombang 516 nm dan vitamin
C sebagai pembanding.
Hasil pemeriksaan karakteristik simplisia diperoleh kadar air 4,31%, kadar sari larut air 24,34%, kadar sari larut etanol 8,31%, kadar abu total 6,38%, kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,47%. Hasil skrining fitokimia serbuk simplisia mengandung senyawa flavonoid, glikosida, tanin dan steroida. Hasil pengujian aktivitas antioksidan menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak n-heksan dan ekstrak etilasetat daun sisik naga memiliki kekuatan sangat lemah, ekstrak etanol dengan kekuatan sangat kuat, dengan nilai Inhibtory Concentration (IC50) yang diperoleh dari ekstrak n-heksan, ekstrak etilasetat dan ekstrak etanol adalah sebesar 648,26 ppm, 453,46 ppm dan 42,62 ppm sedangkan vitamin C diperoleh IC50 sebesar 4,16 ppm.
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SIMPLEX CHARACTERIZATION AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING A LONG WITH ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY ASSAY OF
N-HEXANA ETHYLACETATE AND ETHANOL EXTRACT OF DRAGON SCALES LEAVES (Pyrrosia piloselloides (L.) M.G.Price)
ABSTRACT
Dragon scales leaves (Pyrrosia pyloselloides (L.) M.G.Price) is an epiphytic plant, is generally used by the community for treating several diseases such as gingivitis, mounth sores, cough and cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of the crude drug, chemical compounds and antioxidant activity of the n-hexane, ethylacetate and ethanol extract of dragon scales leaves.
Simplex characterization included macroscopic, microscopic, water content, water-soluble extract, ethanol-soluble extract, total ash and ash insoluble in acid. Phytochemical screening of simplex powder included determination alkaloid, flavonoid, glycoside, saponin, tanin, and steroid. The antioxidant activity assay of the n-hexane, ethylacetate and ethanol extract of dragon scales leaves used DPPH (1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil) free radical scavenging method after settling for 60 minutes at room temperature with wave length of 516 nm and vitamin C as standard of comparison.
The result obtained from simplex characterization were level of water content 4.31%, level of water-soluble extract 24.34%, level of ethanol-soluble extract 8.31%, level of total ash 6.38%, and level of ash insoluble in acid 0.47%. The result of phytochemical screening, contained flavonoid, glycoside, tanin and steroid. The result of the antioxidant activity in reducing DPPH free radical showed that n-hexane extract and ethylacetate has very low power, ethanol extract has very high power, with Inhibitory Concentration (IC50) obtained from n-hexane extract, ethylacetate extract and ethanol extract amounted to 648.26 ppm, 453.46 ppm dan 42.62 ppm as for IC50 of vitamin C obtained was 4.16 ppm.
