CONTENTS
APPROVAL SHEET ... i
DECLARATION... ii
PREFACE ... iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... iv
ABSTRACT... v
CONTENTS ... vi
LIST OF TABLES ... vii
LIST OF DIAGRAM ... viii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ... 1
1.1Background of the study ... 1
1.2Research Questions ... 4
1.3Purposes and significances of the study... 4
1.4The scope of study ... 4
1.5Clarification of terms ... 5
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW... 8
2.1 Academic writing ... 8
2.2.1 Defining academic writing ... 8
2.2.2 Skripsi of quantitative and qualitative research ... 10
2.2.3 Academic writing of non-native English... 12
2.2.4 Academic writing and metadiscourse... 13
2.2 Hedging and discourse ... 15
2.2.1 Basic Notion ... 16
2.2.2 Hedging and epistemic modality ... 17
2.2.3 Categories of hedging surface features ... 20
2.2.4 Polypragmatic models of hedging ... 26
2.3 Hedging in academic writing... 29
Erfan Muhamad Fauzi, 2014
An Analysis Of Hedging Uses In Skripsi-S Employing Quantitative And Qualitative Research Method
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY... 32
3.1 Statement of problems... 32
3.2 Research design... 32
3.3 Data Source... 33
3.4 Data collection ... 34
3.5 Data analysis... 36
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ... 40
4.1Surface features of hedging in skripsi-s ... 40
4.1.1 Descriptive statistic display of distributional information of the surface features of hedging uses ... 41
4.1.1.1Lexical hedging ... 41
4.1.1.2Non-Lexical hedging ... 50
4.1.2 Total hedges used in skripsi-s... 51
4.1.3 The reconstruction of hedging identified from surface features ... 53
4.1.3.1Lexical Hedging... 53
4.1.3.2Non-Lexical Hedging ... 72
4.2Polypragmatic models of hedging in skripsi-s ... 74
4.2.1 Content-oriented ... 75
4.2.1.1Accuracy-oriented ... 76
4.2.1.2Writer-oriented ... 79
4.2.2 Reader-oriented ... 81
4.3Hedging uses in quantitative and qualitative skripsi-s ... 81
4.3.1 Comparison of surface features of hedging in quantitative and qualitative skripsi-s ... 82
4.3.2 Comparison of polypragmatic models of hedging uses in quantitative and qualitative skripsi-s ... 86
4.4Discussions and implications of hedging uses in skripsi-s employing qualitative and quantitative research method... 87
4.4.1 Discussions of hedging uses in skripsi-s employing qualitative and quantitative research method... 87
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS... 92
BIBLIOGRAPHY ... 96
APPENDICES ... 102
Appendix 1 ... 102
Appendix 2 ... 113
Appendix 3 ... 120
Erfan Muhamad Fauzi, 2014
An Analysis Of Hedging Uses In Skripsi-S Employing Quantitative And Qualitative Research Method
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Characteristics of quantitative and qualitative research method ... 11
Table 2.2 Categorization of metadiscourse from Crismore ... 14
Table 2.3 Realization of hedging in auxiliary verbs ... 21
Table 2.4 Realization of hedging in full verbs... 22
Table 2.5 Realization of hedging in adverb ... 24
Table 3.1 Data sources of this study ... 34
Table 3.2 Table to display expressions containing hedging potential ... 37
Table 3.3 The example of table for fourth step ... 37
Table 4.1 The occurrence of modal auxiliaries in all skripsi-s per 1000 words ... 41
Table 4.2 The occurrence of full verbs in all skripsi-s per 1000 words ... 42
Table 4.3 The occurrence of adverbs in all skripsi-s per 1000 words ... 44
Table 4.4 The occurrence of adjectives in all skripsi-s per 1000 words ... 46
Table 4.5 The occurrence of nouns in all skripsi-s per 1000 words ... 48
Table 4.6 The occurrence of other hedges in all skripsi-s per 1000 words ... 50
Table 4.7 The overall occurrences of hedging uses in all skripsi-s ... 51
Table 4.8 Models of hedging occurring in form of sentences per 100 lines ... 74
Table 4.9 The percentage of distributional information of overall hedging uses ... 82
Table 4.10 Hedging in qualitative and quantitative research methods ... 84
