• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

Laporan Biodas (Jaringan Pada Hewan Dan Tumbuhan)

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Membagikan "Laporan Biodas (Jaringan Pada Hewan Dan Tumbuhan)"

Copied!
29
0
0

Teks penuh

(1)

LAPORAN BIOLOGI DASAR 

LAPORAN BIOLOGI DASAR 

ACARA 2

ACARA 2

MEMPELA

MEMPELAJARI

JARI JARINGAN

JARINGAN PA

PADA HEW

DA HEWA

AN DAN

N DAN

TUMBUHAN

TUMBUHAN

 Nama

 Nama

: A

: AISY

ISYA

AH FA

H FAT

THIRIN NURIL

HIRIN NURIL JANNAH

JANNAH

 NIM

 NIM

: 120210101048

: 120210101048

K

K!!aa""

:

: B

B

PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA

PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA

JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN MIPA

JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN MIPA

FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN

FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN

UNI#ERSITAS JEMBER 

UNI#ERSITAS JEMBER 

Sm"$% G&a' 2012 ( 201) Sm"$% G&a' 2012 ( 201)

(2)

LAPORAN BIOLOGI DASAR 

LAPORAN BIOLOGI DASAR 

ACARA 2

ACARA 2

II**

JJ+

+,

,+

+!!

- Mm'!a.a%/ J

- Mm'!a.a%/ Ja%/&a& Pa,a Ha& ,a& T+m+3a&*a%/&a& Pa,a Ha& ,a& T+m+3a&*

IIII**

T

T+

+..+

+aa&

&

1*

1* Da'a$ Da'a$ m&.!m&.!a"5a& a"5a& .a%/&.a%/&a& 'a& '&6+&6+"+& "+& 'a,a 'a,a 3a&3a&** 2*

2* Da'a$ Da'a$ m&.!m&.!a"5a& a"5a& .a%/&.a%/&a& 'a& '&6+"&6+"+& '+& 'a,a a,a T+T+m+3m+3a&*a&*

IIIIII**

D

Daa""aa%

% T

T7

7%%//

Ja%/&a& a,a!a3 "5+m'+!a& "! 6a& mm/!/5/ &$+5 ,a& +&"/ Ja%/&a& a,a!a3 "5+m'+!a& "! 6a& mm/!/5/ &$+5 ,a& +&"/ 6a&

6a&  "am"ama* a* BB%a'%a'a a ma9ama9am m .a%/.a%/&a&a& & a$aa$a+ + "5"5+m+m'+!'+!a& a& .a%/.a%/&a&a& & /&//&/ &a

&a&$&$/&/&66a a a5a5a& a& mmmm&&$+$+5 5 "+"+a$a$+ + 7%7%aa&* &* SS5+5+m'm'+!+!a& a& 7%7%a& a& a5a5a&a& mm&$+5 "+a$+ "/"$m 7%a& ,a& "5+m'+!a& "/"$m 7%a& /&/ a53/%&6a mm&$+5 "+a$+ "/"$m 7%a& ,a& "5+m'+!a& "/"$m 7%a& /&/ a53/%&6a a5a& mm&$+5 "+a$+ ma53!+5 3/,+' 6a& "+$+3&6a a/5 /$+ ma&+"/a a5a& mm&$+5 "+a$+ ma53!+5 3/,+' 6a& "+$+3&6a a/5 /$+ ma&+"/a 3a& ma+'+& $+m+3a&*

3a& ma+'+& $+m+3a&*

D&a& a$a"a& ,/a$a" $%+$ama $&$a& ma5&a a&a5 5a!/ma$ -"+a$+ D&a& a$a"a& ,/a$a" $%+$ama $&$a& ma5&a a&a5 5a!/ma$ -"+a$+ 5+m'+!a& "! 6a& &$+5 ,a& +&"/&6a "ama ma5a ,a'a$ ,/5$a3+/ 5+m'+!a& "! 6a& &$+5 ,a& +&"/&6a "ama ma5a ,a'a$ ,/5$a3+/  a3a

 a3a $+m+3a& $+m+3a& ,a& ,a& 3a& 3a& 59+a!/ 59+a!/ ma&+"/a ma&+"/a a,a a,a 6a& 6a& mm'+&6a/mm'+&6a/  .a%/&a&

 .a%/&a& ,a& ,a& a,a a,a .+a .+a 6a& 6a& $/,a5 $/,a5 mm/!/5/ mm/!/5/ .a%/&a& .a%/&a& 6a& 6a& ,/"+$ ,/"+$ ,&a&,&a& +&/"!!+!a% 6a/$+ 3a& a$a+ $+m+3a& 6a& $%,/%/ ,a%/ "a$+ "! "'%$/ +&/"!!+!a% 6a/$+ 3a& a$a+ $+m+3a& 6a& $%,/%/ ,a%/ "a$+ "! "'%$/  a5$%/ ,a& $+m+3a& $/&5a$ %&,a3* ;S+

 a5$%/ ,a& $+m+3a& $/&5a$ %&,a3* ;S+$%/a& 2011$%/a& 2011: 10<=: 10<= )*1

)*1 Ja%/&Ja%/&a& 'a,a T+ma& 'a,a T+m+3a+3a&& Um+

Um+m&6m&6a a .a%/.a%/&&a&>a&>.a%/.a%/&a&a& & $%$%,a',a'a$ a$ 'a,'a,a a $+m$+m+3+3>$+m>$+m+3+3a&a& 6a

6a& & $/$/&&/ / $/$/&&5a5a$ $ ''%5%5mmaa&&a&a&&6&6a a "m"ma5a5/& /& $/$/&&/ / $/$/&&5a5a$$  '%5ma&a&

 '%5ma&a& "+a$+ "+a$+ $+m+3a& $+m+3a& ma5a ma5a "ma5/& "ma5/& .!a" .!a" '+!a '+!a a,a&6aa,a&6a ,/

,/%&%&"/a""/a"/ / 6a&6a&  mmmm&&$+5 $+5 a!aa!a$>a!$>a!a$ a$ $+m$+m+3+3a& a& 6a&6a&  %%!a/!a/&a&&a&** ;S+$%/a& 2011: 10<=

;S+$%/a& 2011: 10<=

Ja%/&a& 'a,a $+m+3a& $/,a5 %,/%/ "&,/%/ ( "&,/%/ m!a/&5a& Ja%/&a& 'a,a $+m+3a& $/,a5 %,/%/ "&,/%/ ( "&,/%/ m!a/&5a&  %"ama>"ama

 %"ama>"ama ,&a& ,&a& .a%/&a& .a%/&a& !a/& !a/& +&$+5 +&$+5 mm&$+5 mm&$+5 "+a$+ "+a$+ 7%a&*7%a&* O%a& 'a,a $+m+3a& $/&5a$ $/&/ %+'a a5a

O%a& 'a,a $+m+3a& $/&5a$ $/&/ %+'a a5a% a$a& ,a+& +&a% a$a& ,a+& +&a  +a3

 +a3 ,a& ,a& /./* /./* S,a&5a& S,a&5a& 'a,a 'a,a $+m+3a& $+m+3a& $/&5a$ $/&5a$ %&,a3 %&,a3 +m+m&6a+m+m&6a $/,a5

$/,a5 mm/!mm/!/5/ "$%+5$+/5/ "$%+5$+% "'%$/ a5a% ,% "'%$/ a5a% ,a+& ,a& a$a& ;La/a+& ,a& a$a& ;La/!a 2010!a 2010:: 1?=*

1?=* Ja

Ja%/%/&&a& a& ''&6&6++"+"+& & $+$++3 +3 $+$+mm+3+3a& a& ,a,a'a'a$ $ ,/,/7!7!77&&5a5a&&  %,a"a%5a&

 %,a"a%5a& +m+% +m+% 57m'7"/"/ 57m'7"/"/ ,a& ,a& +&"/ +&"/ ,a%/ ,a%/ .a%/&a& .a%/&a& $%"+$*$%"+$* B%,a"a%5a& +m+%&6a .a%/&a& ,/7!7&5a& m&.a,/ .a%/&a& m+,a B%,a"a%5a& +m+%&6a .a%/&a& ,/7!7&5a& m&.a,/ .a%/&a& m+,a 6a& ma"/3 %"/a$ /"a mm!a3 ,/%/ ,a& /"a %5ma& m&.a,/ 6a& ma"/3 %"/a$ /"a mm!a3 ,/%/ ,a& /"a %5ma& m&.a,/  %ma9am>ma9am

(3)

$%,a'a$ .a%/&a& ,a"a* Ja%/&a& /&/ mm'+&6a/ &$+5 6a&  %ma9am>ma9am ""+a/ !$a5 ,a& +&"/&6a*

B%,a"a%5a& 57m'7"/"/&6a .a%/&a& 'a,a $+m+3a& ,/7!7&5a& m&.a,/ .a%/&a& ",%3a&a 6a& $%,/%/ ,a%/ "a$+ ma9am "! ;m/"a!&6a  .a%/&a& 'a%&5/m ,a& .a%/&a& 57!&5/m= ,a& .a%/&a& ma.m+5 6a& $%,/%/ a$a" !/3 ,a%/ "a$+ ma9am "! ;m/"a!&6a .a%/&a& '!/&,+& ,a&  .a%/&a& '&a&5+$=* B%,a"a%5a& +&"/&6a .a%/&a& $+m+3a& ,a'a$ ,/7!7&5a& m&.a,/ .a%/&a& ,a"a% .a%/&a& '!/&,+&  .a%/&a& '&a&5+$ .a%/&a& '&+a$ ,a& .a%/&a& "5%$7%/ ;T/m

D7"& Pm/&a 2012: ?=* 1* Ja%/&a& Da"a% 

a* Ja%/&a& M+,a

Pa,a $a%a aa! '%5ma&a& m%/7 "m+a "! m&.a!a&/  'm!a3a& ,/%/ &am+& ,&a& '%$+m+3a& ,a&  '%5ma&a& !/3 !a&.+$ ma5a 'm!a3a& "! ,a&  '%!/'a$a&,aa&&6a m&.a,/ $%a$a" ,/a/a&>a/a& 53+"+" $+m+3a& 6a& m&+&.+55a& ,/%&"/a"/ "a&a$ ",/5/$* Da!am 5a,aa& /&/ .a%/&a&&6a $$a' %"/a$ m%/7&/5 ,a& "!>"! $%"+$ mm'%$a3a&5a& 5mam'+a&&6a mm!a3 ,/%/* Ja%/&a& m%/7&/5 /&/!a3 'a,a $+m+3a& ,a"a 6a& ,/"+$ ,&a& .a%/&a& m+,a a$a+ .a%/&a& m%/"$m ;Fa3& 1@@1: 82=*

B%,a"a%5a& '7"/"/ m%/"$m ,a!am $++3 $+m+3a& .a%/&a& /&/ ,a'a$ ,/a/ m&.a,/ $/a $/' 6a/$+:

a= M%/"$m A'/5a! 6a& $%,a'a$ ,/ +.+& '+9+5 +$ama ,a& !a$%a! "%$a a5a% 

 = M%/"$m I&$%5a!% 6a& a,a ,/a&$a%a .a%/&a& ,a"a "'%$/ ,/ 'a&5a! %+a" a$a& %+m'+$>%+m'+$a&

9= M%/"$m La$%a! 6a& $%!$a5 ".a.a% ,&a& !/&5a%a& 7%a& $m'a$ ,/$m+5a&&6a "'%$/ 5am/+m 'm+!+3 ,a& !7& ;Fa3& 1@@1: 8)=*

B%,a"a%5a& a"a! $%&$+5&6a m%/"$m ,/a/ m&.a,/ ,+a 6a/$+:

a= M%/"$m P%/m% 

M%/"$m 6a& %5ma& ,a%/ "! m%/7&a! $%,a'a$  'a,a 5+&9+' +.+& a$a& ,a& +.+& a5a%* P%$+m+3a&  '%/m% mm+&5/&5a& a5a% ,a& a$a& %$ama3 'a&.a&

"3/&a $+m+3a& %$ama3 $/&/*  = M%/"$m S5+&,% 

M%/"$m 6a& %5ma& ,a%/ .a%/&a& '%ma&& 6a& $!a3 m&a!am/ ,%&"/a"/ ,a& "'"/a!/"a"/ ;"+,a3 $%3&$/ '%$+m+3a&&6a= $$a'/ m&.a,/ m%/7&a!

(4)

5ma!/* C7&$73&6a a,a!a3 5am/+m a+" 6a& $%&$+5  ,a%/ 'a%&5/m a$a+ 57!&5/m ;Wa!+67 2010: <?=

 * Ja%/&a& Pa%&5/m

Pa%&5/m ,a%/ $++3 $+m+3a& '%/m% %5ma& ,a%/ m%/"$m ,a"a% ,a& 6a& ,/3++&5a& ,&a& +&"+% 'm+!+3 ,a%/ '%75am/+m a$a+ 5am/+m* Fa!7& 'a,a 5a&6a5a& $+m+3a& .+a m&3a"/!5a& 'a%&5/m ;!7,%ma=* Pa%&5/m $%,/%/ a$a" "! 3/,+' ,&a& &$+5 ,a& +&"/ /"/7!7/5 6a&  %!a/&>!a/&a&*

S! 'a%&5/m mm'%$a3a&5a& 5mam'+a&&6a mm!a3 ,/%/ a35a& 5$/5a ,a"a* Ja%/&a& $%"+$ .+a %'%a&  '&$/& ,a!am '&6m+3a& !+5a ,a& %&%a"/* S! 'a%&5/m ,a"a ,a'a$ m!a&.+$5a& a5$//$a" m%/"$ma$/5&6a /!a !/&5+&a&&6a ,/+a3 "9a%a +a$a& ;Fa3& 1@@1: 1)=*

B%,a"a%5a& &$+5&6a 'a%&5/m ,/a/ m&.a,/ %a'a 5!7m'75 6a/$+:

a= Pa%&5/m 'a!/"a, '&6+"+& m"7/! ,a+& 6a& 5a,a& $%,a'a$ 'a,a /./ ,&a& &$+5 "! 'a&.a& $a5  m&a&,+& 5!7%7'!a"*

 = Pa%&5/m +&a 5a%a& '&6+"+& m"7/! ,a+& 6a& &$+5  "%$a "+"+&a&&6a $/,a5 $%a$+% %+a& a&$a% "!&6a %!a$/   "a%*

9= Pa%&5/m /&$a& &$+5&6a "'%$/ /&$a& "a!/&  %"/&am+&a& ,/+.+&&6a "3/&a mm'+&6a/ %+a&

a&$a% "!*

,= Pa%&5/m !/'a$a& ,/&,/& "!&6a m&a,a5a& !/'a$a& 5 a%a3 ,a!am "%$a a&6a5 m&a&,+& 5!7%7'!a" ;Wa!+67 2010: <8=*

B%,a"a%5a& +&"/&6a 'a%&5/m ,/a/ m&.a,/ !/ma 6a/$+: a= Pa%&5/m A"/m/!a"/ $%!$a5 'a,a a/a& $'/ ,a%/ a!a$>a!a$

$+m+3a& 6a& "a&a$ %ma&aa$ ,a!am %!a&"+&&6a 7$7"/&$"/" ,a& a&6a5 m&a&,+& 5!7%7'!a" 6a& %/"/  +$/%>+$/% $'+& a"/m/!a"/ "%$a a&6a5 m&a&,+&

5!7%7/! "3/&a ,/"+$ .+a 5!7%&5/m*

 = Pa%&5/m ma5a&a& $m'a$ '&6/m'a&a& 9a,a&a& ma5a&a& 6a& !$a5&6a aa5 !/3 5 ,a!am ,/a&,/&5a& 'a%&5/m a"/m/!a"/ m/"a!&6a ,a!am a5a% +m/ +a3 a$a& ,a& !a/&> !a/&*

9= Pa%&5/m a/% ,/+&a5a& "aa/ .a%/&a& '&6/m'a& a/% ,/ma&a a/% a5a& $%/5a$ ,a!am a5+7!a ,a%/ "!>"!&6a "9a%a a5$/* B/a"a&6a $%,a'a$ 'a,a $+m+3a& %7/$ ,a& '//$*

(5)

,= Pa%&5/m $a&&/& 'a%&5/m 6a& a&6a5 m&a&,+& a$ $a&&/&* Da!am ,a+& /a"a&6a "!a!+ $%"a% 'a,a 7&a>7&a $%$&$+ "3/&a ,&a& ,m/5/a& ,a'a$ m&6a5a& 5+%a&&6a$/,a5 a,a&6a 3++&a& ,/a&$a%a "!>"! 6a& "a$+ ,&a& 6a& !a/&&6a* S,a&5a& ,a!am a$a& $+m+3a& "!>"! $a&&/& /&/ $am'a5 $%'+"a$ 'a,a 7&a>7&a $%$&$+ ,a& $a5 .a%a& '+!a $am'a5 'a,a a/a& !+a% m'+!+%*

= Pa%&5/m +,a%a 6a& mm'+&6a/ %+a&>%+a& a&$a% "! ;/&$%9!!+!a% "'a9"= 6a& 9+5+' "a%* Da!am %+a& /&/ $%,a'a$ +,a%a ;S+$%/a& 2011: 12>128=*

2* Ja%/&a& P!/&,+& a* Ja%/&a& E'/,%m/"

E'/,%m/" m%+'a5a& !a'/"a& $%!+a% ,a%/ ,a+& a/a&  +&a +a3 ,a& /./ "%$a ,a%/ a$a& ,a& a5a% "!+m m&.a!a&/ '&a!a& "5+&,%* E'/,%m/" /a"a&6a $%,a'a$ ,/ "!+%+3 53/,+'a& 7%a&>7%a& $+m+3a& 6a& $/,a5 m&a!am/  '&a!a& "5+&,%* Pa,a "5!7m'75 59/! $+m+3a& "'%$/  'a,a $+m+3a& m7&757$/! %+m+% 'a&.a& ,a& $/,a5 

m&a!am/ '&a!a& "5+&,% '/,%m/" ,/a&$/5a& 7!3  .a%/&a& a+" 5$/5a 7%a& /$+ m&.a,/ $+a ;Fa3& 1@@1: 24=

E'/,%m/" %+&"/ +&$+5 m!/&,+&/ .a%/&a& !a/&&6a* Ka%&a +&"/ $%"+$ '/,%m/" m&a!am/ m7,//5a"/ "'%$/ %am+$ ;$%/57m= ,+%/ ,a& m+!+$ ,a+&*

Ma9am>ma9am '/,%m/":

• ALLEN: '/,%m/" 'a,a a/a& a5a% ,/"+$&6a "aa/

rizhoderma a$a+ epibelm

• SCHMIDT: '/,%m/" 'a,a a/a& a$a& %a"a!

,a%/!a'/"a& "! 'a!/& !+a% ,a%/ m%/"$m a'/5a! 'a,a ,a%a3 $+&/9a

• HANSTEIN: '/,%m/" 'a,a a$a& 6a& m%+'a5a&

!a'/"a& /$+ %a"a! ,a%/ "a$+ !a'/"a& "! 6a& ,/"+$ dermatogen

• HABERLANDT: '/,%m/" /$+ %a"a! ,a%/ '%/m7,/a!

'/,%m/" ;a5a! '/,%m/" 6a& ,/5&a! "aa/  protoderm= 6a& a"a!&6a ,a%/ "!>"! /&/$/a! 6a& $%'/"a3

;S+$%/a& 2011: 1)1>1)2=  * Ja%/&a& Ga+"

Ja%/&a& /&/ $%&$+5 ,a%/ "!>"! 6a& ,/&,/&&6a $%,/%/ a$a"  a3a& "+%/& 6a/$+ a3a& ".&/" "!+!7"a 6a& %!ma5* Ja%/&a& a+" m%+'a5a& a/a& 6a& ma$/ ,a& %+&"/

(6)

"aa/ '!/&,+& +&$+5 5!+a% ma"+5&6a a/% ;Wa!+67 2010: <@=*

B/a"a&6a .a%/&a& /&/ %a,a ,/ a/a& $'/ ,a%/ a!a$>a!a$ $+m+3a& $%/"$/ma 'a,a $+m+3>$+m+3a& 6a& %+m+%   'a&.a&* Da!am 3a! /&/ /a"a&6a '/,%m/" $+m+3a& $!a3 ma$/

"!+m&6a a$a+ $!a3 m&.a,/ $/,a5 a5$/ "!+m $%.a,/  '&a+"a& /$+* D&a& ,m/5/a& ,a'a$ ,/5a$a5a& a3a  .a%/&a& a+" /&/ m&a&$/5a& +&"/ '/,%m/"*

Ja%/&a& a+" ,/,a5a& m&.a,/ ) ma9am 6a/$+:

• E5"7,%m/"

P%+a3a& +&"/ ,a%/ !a'/"a& "! ,/ aa3 '/,%m/" 'a,a a5a% $+m+3a& %+a3 "aa/ .a%/&a& '!/&,+& 5m+,/a& %a+"*

• E&,7,%m/"

La'/"a& "! 6a& $%,a'a$ ,/ ,a!am a5a% 6a& ,/&,/& "!&6a "%/& %a+"

• P%/,%m

S+a$+ .a%/&a& '!/&,+& 6a& ,a'a$ %+&"/ "aa/  '&a&$/ '/,%m/" /!ama&a '/,%m/" /&/ %+"a5 m&!+'a" a$a+ m&a!am/ 5ma$/a& ;S+$%/a& 2011: 18> 1@=*

)* Ja%/&a& P&a&5+$

Ja%/&a& '&a&5+$ a$a+ -a"9+!a% $/""+ +m+m&6a 3a&6a $%,a'a$ 'a,a $+m+3a& $/&5a$ $/&/ ",a&5a& 'a,a $+m+3a& $/&5a$ %&,a3 $/,a5 $%,a'a$* Ha! /&/ 5a%&a 'a,a $+m+3a& $/&5a$ /&/ '&a&5+$a& a/% ,a& a$>a$ ma5a&a& 9+5+' ,/!a&"+&5a& ,a%/ "! 5 "!* La/& 3a!&6a 'a,a $+m+3a& $/&5a$ $/&/ $%+$ama 6a& 3/,+' ,a& %5ma& ,/ ,a%a$a& 6a& 7%a& "%$a a!a$>a!a$ 6a& ,/'+&6a/&6a a,a!a3 !/3 "a% ,a& 57m'!5" ,/a&,/& ,&a& $+m+3a& $/&5a$ %&,a3*

Ja%/&a& '&a&5+$ /&/ %+&"/ +&$+5 $%a&"'7%$a"/ 3a"/! 7$7"/&$"/" ,a%/ ,a+& 5 "!+%+3 $++3 "%$a m&a&5+$ a/% ,a& a%am m/&%a! ,a%/ a5a% 5 ,a+&* Ja%/&a& /&/ $%&$+5 ,a%/ "!>"! 6a& 5,+,+5a& a$a+ !$a5&6a mm&$a& m&+%+$ a%a3  '&a&5+$a&* Ja%/&a& '&a&5+$ ,/a/ m&.a,/ 2 ma9am

6a/$+: a* /!m

Pa,a ,a"a%&6a /!m m%+'a5a& .a%/&a& 57m'!5" 5a%&a $%,/%/ ,a%/ %a'a $/' "! 6a& %,a a/5 6a& 3/,+' ma+'+& 6a& $/,a5 3/,+'* P&6+"+& +$ama&6a a,a!a3 $%a5/,

(7)

,a& $%a5a "aa/ "a!+%a& $%a&"'7% a/% ,&a& '&a!a& ,/&,/& 6a& 9+5+' $a! "5a!/+" %+&"/ "aa/ '&+a$ a$a+ '&6757&*

 * F!7m

F!7m m%+'a5a& .a%/&a& 57m'!5" $%,/%/ ,a%/ %a'a +&"+% ,&a& $/'6a& %,a 6a/$+ 'm+!+3 $a'/" "!  '&/%/& 'a%&5/m "%a+$ "5!%/,* Ka,a&>5a,a& a,a "! a$a+ .a%/&a& "5%$7%/ 6a& %a+& ,/ ,a!am&6a m/"a!&6a 5!&.a% $a3* F+&"/ !7m "aa/ .a%/&a& $%a&"!75a"/ a3a& 7%a&/5 ;a"/m/!a$= 6a& $%+$ama %/"/ 5a%73/,%a$ ;S+$%/a& 2011: 1@2>1@)=*

4* Ja%/&a& P&+a$

Ja%/&a& /&/ $%,/%/ ,a%/ "!>"! 6a& &$+5 "+"+&a& ,a& "/a$&6a mm/!/5/ 553+"+"a& '+!a "3/&a ,/"+$ .+a ,&a&  .a%/&a& m5a&/5 ;-m93a&/9a! $/""+=* D&a& a,a&6a .a%/&a&  '&+a$ /&/ '%$+m+3a& a!a$>a!a$ ,a%/ $+m+3a& ,a'a$ ,/$+&.a&*

Ja%/&a& /&/ 'a,a +m+m&6a $%,/%/ ,a%/:

> S!>"! 6a& %,/&,/& $a! m&a&,+& !/&/& ,a& a$>a$ !a/&&6a*

> a$>a$ $%"+$ mm%/ "/a$ 5%a" 'a,a ,/&,/& "!&6a*

B%,a"a%5a& &$+5 ,a& "/a$&6a .a%/&a& '&+a$ ,/a/ m&.a,/ ,+a 6a/$+:

a* Ja%/&a& 57!&5/m

Ja%/&a& '&+&.a& 6a& $%,a'a$ 'a,a $+m+3a& 6a& ma"/3 m+,a ,a& !+m %5a6+* K7!&5/m m%+'a5a& .a%/&a& 6a& 37m7& 6a& $%"+"+& ,a%/ "a$+ ma9am "! 6a/$+ "! 57!&5/m* Ja%/&a& /&/ ,a!am m!a5"a&a5a& +&"/&6a "aa/ .a%/&a&  '&+a$ $+m+3a& mma& '%a&a& 6a& +$ama $%+$ama "5a!/ 'a,a 7%a&>7%a& $+m+3a& 6a& ma"/3 a5$/  m&a,a5a& '%$+m+3a& ,a& '%5ma&a&* B%,a"a%5a& !$a5 ,a& &$+5 '&a!a&>'&a!a&&6a 57!&5/m ,/,a5a& m&.a,/ $/a 6a/$+:

a= K7!&5/m "+,+$ '&a!a&>'&a!a& %!a&"+& 'a,a  a/a&>a/a& "+,+$&6a $am'a5 ma"/ ,a& !+m& "! aa5 

"m'/$*

 = K7!&5/m Pa'a& '&a!a&>'&a!a& a5a& $%.a,/ 'a,a ,/&,/&>,/&,/& "! 6a& $a&&$/a! "a.a

(8)

9= K7!&5/m !a5+&a '&a!a&>'&a!a&&6a 3a&6a  %!a&"+& 'a,a '%m+5aa& %+a& a&$a% "!&6a ;S+$%/a&

2011: 1??>180=*  * Ja%/&a& "5!%&5/m

Ja%/&a& /&/ 3a&6a $%,a'a$ 'a,a 7%a& $+m+3a& 6a& $/,a5  !a/ m&a,a5a& '%$+m+3a& ,a& '%5ma&a& .a,/ 'a,a 7%a& $+m+3a& 6a& $!a3 $$a'* D&a& $%,a'a$&6a .a%/&a& /&/ a5a& mm+&5/&5a& a!a$>a!a$ $+m+3a&&6a %$a3a& m&3a,a'/ "a!a ma9am $5a&a& ,a& ,"a5a& $a&'a m&/m+!5a& a5/a$ a$a+ %'&a%+3 'a,a "!>"!.a%/&a& 6a& 5a,aa&&6a !/3 !ma3 ;$5a&a& ,"a5a& !&$/&a&  'm&$a&a& '+5+!a& %a$ ,a& a6a m5a&/5 !a/&&6a=

;S+$%/a& 2011: 184=*

Ja%/&a& "5!%&5/m ,a'a$ ,/,a5a& m&.a,/ ,+a ma9am 6a/$+:

> K!%/,a ;"! a$+=

S!&6a ma$/ %&$+5 +!a$ ,a& %,/&,/& 5%a" "3/&a $a3a& $%3a,a' $5a&a& %+5+%a& !/3 '&,5  ,a%/'a,a "%a+$*

> S%a+$>"%a+$ "5!%&5/m ;"%a$=

B%+&a a/ $+m+3a& +&$+5 ,a'a$ 5ma!/ 5 &$+5  "m+!a a$a+ '7"/"/ "m+!a 5$/5a $%$/+' a&/&*

* Ja%/&a& S5%$7%/

Ja%/&a& $m'a$ %!a&"+&&6a "5%"/ 6a& $%,a'a$ 'a,a  %aa/ .&/" $+m+3a& a$a+ 7%a&&6a* Ja%/&a& "5%$7%/ /&/ ,/a/ m&.a,/ $/a 5!7m'75 a$a" ,a"a% "&6aa 6a& ,/5!+a%5a&&6a 6a/$+:

a* Ja%/&a& %5%"/ "&6aa 6a& ,/5!+a%5a& ,a%/ $++3 !a$  .a%/&a& /&/ !+m ma"+5 5 ,a!am '%7"" m$a7!/"m

 * Ja%/&a& 5"5%"/ "&6aa 6a& ,/5!+a%5a& m%+'a5a& 3a"/! a53/% "+a$+ '%7"" m$a7!/"m

c. Ja%/&a& "5%"/ "&6aa 6a& ,/3a"/!5a& /$+ ma"/3 /5+$  %'%a& ,a!am '%7"" m$a7!/"m

Ja%/&a&>.a%/&a& 6a& $!a3 ,/"+$5a& ,/a$a" &a&$/&6a %"ama> "ama ,&a& .a%/&a& 6a& !a/&&6a mm&$+5 "+a$+ 7%a&* O%a& $a$/ '%/m% 'a,a $+m+3a& $%,/%/ a$a":

• Da+&

O%a& 'a,a $+m+3a& 6a& %+&"/ "aa/ $m'a$ 7$7"/&$"/"* S9a%a a&a$7m/ $%,/%/ a$a" .a%/&a& '/,%m/" a$a" ,a& aa3 6a& ,/,a!am&6a $%,a'a$ "$7ma$a ,a& "!>"! !a/&

(9)

6a& m%+'a5a& ,%/a$ ,a%/ .a%/&a& '/,%m/"* Da/& ,a+& $%,/%/ a$a" .a%/&a& 57!&5/m ,a& %5a" '&a&5+$*

• Ba$a&

O%a& 6a& m%+'a5a& "+m+ +$ama 'a,a $+m+3a& "9a%a aa&a$7m/ $%,/%/ a$a" .a%/&a& '/,%m/" a$a+ .a%/&a& a+" ,/  a/a& $%!+a% .a%/&a& 57%$5" 'a,a a/a& !/3 ,a!am ,a&  .a%/&a& %5a" '&a&5+$ "%$a $%,a'a$ .+a .a%/&a&  '&+a$ 6a& !$a5&6a %a%/a"/ m&+%+$ .&/" $+m+3a&&6a*

• A5a% 

O%a& $+m+3a& 6a& %+&"/ "aa/ '&a&5+$ a/% ,a& m/&%a! ,a%/ ,a!am $a&a3* S9a%a a&a$7m/ '&am'a& m!/&$a& a5a% 'a,a ,/57$/! $%,/%/ a$a" '/,%m/" 57%$5" &,7,%m/" ,a& .a%/&a& '&a&5+$ ;T/m ,7"& Pm/&a 2012: ?=*

)*2 Ja%/&a& 'a,a Ha&

S9a%a a%/" "a% .a%/&a& 'a,a 3a& ,/a/ m&.a,/ m'a$ 5!7m'75 6a/$+:

1* Ja%/&a& E'/$!

Ja%/&a& '/$! mm/!/5/ ,a6a %&%a"/ 6a& "a&a$ "a%* Um+m&6a .a%/&a& /&/ %a"a! ,a%/ !a'/"a& m%/7&a! 6a/$+ 5$7,%m ,a& &,7,%m 59+a!/ &,7$!/+m ,a& m"7$!/+m 6a&  %a"a! ,a%/ !a'/"a& m"7,%m* B%,a"a%5a& .+m!a3 ,a%/ !a'/"a&

"!&6a .a%/&a& /&/ ,/a/ m&.a,/ ,+a 6a/$+: a* Ja%/&a& E'/$! S!a'/"

D/a&+& 7!3 "!a'/" "!>"! 6a& ,a'a$ ,/.+m'a/ 'a,a $m'a$>$m'a$ 6a& $/,a5 a&6a5 m&a!am/ 5%+"a5a& ;m5a&/"= /a"a&6a %'%a& ,a!am 3a! /!$%a"/ ,a& a"7%"/* Ja%/&a& /&/ a,a %a'a ma9am 6a/$+:

• E'/$! S!a'/" P/'/3 6a& $%,a'a$ 'a,a ,/&,/& 'm+!+3

,a%a3 ,a& 'm+!+3 !/ma ,/"+$ &,7$!/+m 6a& mma$a"/ %7&a a,7m/&a! ,/"+$ m"7$!/+m 6a& mma$a"/ %7&a .a&$+& ,/"+$ '%/5a%,/+m ,a& 6a& mma$a"/ %7&a 'a%+>'a%+ ,/"+$ '!+%7$&+m*

• E'/$! S!a'/" K++" 6a& %+&"/ +&$+5 /!$%a"/ ,a&

$%!$a5 'a,a 7!/5!>7!/5! 5!&.a% $/%7/, ,a& '!'a"a& ,/ ,a!am /&.a! "%$a mm/!/5/ &$+5 +.+% "a&5a% 6a& mma$a"/ !+m&*

• E'/$! S!a'/" S/!/&,%/" 6a& $%,a'a$ 'a,a ,/&,/& +"+"

"a!+%a& $!+% "%$a 'a,a "a!+%a& '!'a"a& 'a,a %a'a 5!&.a% &$+5&6a "/ 'a&.a& a$a+ "/!/&,%/" mma$a"/

(10)

!+m& ,a& %+&"/ +&$+5 '%7$5"/ !+%/5a"/ a,"7%"/ a$a+ "5%"/*

• E'/$! %!a'/" a&6a5 'a!"+ %"/!/a 6a& ,/a&+& 7!3

"a$+ !a'/" "a.a &am+& $%!/3a$ "'%$/ %!a'/"* Ha! /&/ ,/"a5a& 5a%&a "! 6a& mma&+& '/$! /&/ $/,a5  "ama $/&/ ,m/5/a& '+!a !$a5 /&$/&6a* Sm+a "! !a&"+& %3++&a& ,&a& mm%a& ,a"a%* E'/$! /&/ ,/a&+& 7!3 $/a ma9am "! 6a/$+ "! a"a! "! "/!/&,%/"  %"/!/a ,a& "! a,a*

 * Ja%/&a& E'/$! B%!a'/" Ba&6a5 

Ja%/&a& /&/ $%,a'a$ 'a,a $m'a$>$m'a$ 6a& a&6a5  m&a!am/ 5%+"a5a& m5a&/" ,a& +m+m&6a mm'+&6a/ +&"/ "aa/ '%7$5"/* Ma9am>ma9am .a%/&a& /&/ 6a/$+:

• E'/$! %!a'/" a&6a5 '/'/3 $%,a'a$ 'a,a '%m+5aa&>

 '%m+5aa& 6a& $,,a3 'a,a a&+a& m5a&/5 a$a+ 5/m/a/ "'%$/ 'a,a 5+!/$ %7&a m+!+$ ,a& a/&a* La'/"a& '%m+5aa&&6a ,a'a$ m&a&,+5 a$a+ $/,a5  m&a&,+5*

• E'/$! %!a'/" a&6a5 "/!/&,%/" $%,a'a$ 'a,a +%$%a a%/&

'/!7$/" "%$a 'a,a "a!+%a& '!'a"a& 6a& "a% ,a%/  %ma9am>ma9am 5!&.a%* Pa,a '%m+5aa& 6a& a" "!>"!&6a %&$+5 "/!/&,%/" aa5 m+5 ",a&5a& "!>"!  a"a!&6a %&$+5 5++"*

• E'/$! $%a&"/"/7&a! $%,a'a$ 'a,a '!/" +%$% ,a& 5a&$+&

a/% "&/* E'/$! /&/ mm/!/5/ &$+5 6a& %+a3>+a3 ;S+'%/a&$7 200): )>=*

2* Ja%/&a& I5a$

Ja%/&a& /&/ %a"a! ,a%/ !a'/"a& m%/7&a! m"7,%m &am+& a,a '&9+a!/a& m/"a!&6a .a%/&a& /5a$ ,a%/ "a%a 6a& ,/"+$ &+%7!/a +5a& %a"a! ,a%/ m"7,%m $$a'/ ,a%/ !a'/"a& m%/7&a! 5$7,%m* Ja%/&a& /&/ %+&a "aa/ '&6757& m5a&/5 ,a& m5a&/"m '%$a3a&a& ;a7"/$/5 ,a& +&"/ /m+&7!7/5=* S!a/& /$+ $%,a'a$ %a'a +&"/  6a/$+:

• M!$a55a& "+a$+ .a%/&a& 5 .a%/&a& 6a& !a/& • M&6a!+$ %a/ "a!+%a& ,a& %7&a*

• M&/&/"/ %7&a ,a& 9!a3 • M&3a"/!5a& a3a& '&a&5a! • M&+&.a& a!a$ ,a& a3a&

• Ca,a&a& a/% !5$%7&/5 m/&%a! ,a& &%/*

B%,a"a%5a& 5+$+3a& +&"/7&a! .a%/&a& /&/ ,/a/: 1* Ja%/&a& I5a$ S.a$/

(11)

Ja%/&a& /&/ mm/!/5/ %a'a '&!7m'75a& 6a/$+: a* Ja%/&a& /5a$ !7&a% 

Ja%/&a& 6a& +&"/ +$ama&6a a,a!a3 m&/5a$ .a%/&a& $++3 aa% %"a$+ ,a& "5a!/+" mm+&5/&5a&& %a5a& ,/a&$a%a m%5a*

 * Ja%/&a& /5a$ 'a,a$

Ja%/&a& /&/ mm&$+5 $&,7& "aa/ $m'a$ '!5a$a& 7$7$ ,a& $+!a& ,a& !/am& "aa/ $m'a$ '%"&,/a& $+!a& ,&a& $+!a&* T%,a'a$ ,/ ,%m/" ,a&"a!+%a&  '&9%&aa&*

9* Ja%/&a& /5a$ %$/9+!a% 

Ja%/&a& /&/ m%+'a5a& .a%/&a& .&/" /5a$ '%/m/$/ 6a& ,/$a&,a/ a,a&6a .a%/&a&>.a%/&a& "%a$ %$/9+!a% ,&a& "!> "! %$/9+!+m '%/m/$/* Ja%/&a& /&/ mm/!/5/ /&$/ 6a&  "a% '+9a$ ,&a& a&6a5 "/$7'!a"ma a"7/! ,a& mm&$+5 5%a&5a 7%a&>7%a& !/m7/, "+m"+m $+!a& ,a& 3a$/*

,* Ja%/&a& !ma5 

P&6+"+& +$ama .a%/&a& !ma5 a,a!a3"! !ma5 ,a!am ma$%/5" .a%/&a& /5a$ !7&a%* Ja%/&a& !ma5 %+&"/ +&$+5 /&"+!a$7% ,a& '%,am 7&9a&a& "%$a 'ma&5/$  'a&a" 5$/5a $++3 m&a!am/ 5,/&/&a&* A,a ,+a .&/" !ma5 6a/$+ '+$/3 ,a& 975!a$* Ja%/&a& !ma5 '+$/3 $%,a'a$ ,/ a/a& aa3 5+!/$ ,/ a&$a%a 7$7$* Lma5 '+$/3 m&3a"/!5a& &%/* Lma5 975!a$ $%,a'a$ 'a,a /&$%"5a'+!a* Lma5 975!a$ $/,a5 m&3a"/!5a& &%/ m!a/&5a& 'a&a"*

* Ja%/&a& '/m&

Ja%/&a& /&/ .+a m%+'a5a& .a%/&a& /5$ 5&,+% 3a&6a "a.a "!>"! 6a& mma&+&&6a a,a!a3 "!>"! '/m& a$a+ m!7&77%*

2* Ja%/&a& I5a$ 53+"+" a* T+!a&

T+!a& m%+'a5a& .a%/&a& /5a$ 6a& 5a5+ 5%a",&a& "%a+$ 57!a& 6a& %a,a ,a!am ma$%/5"* T%,a'a$ ,+a  .&/" $+!a& 6a/$+ $+!a& 57m'a5 ,a& $+!a& "'7&"* T+!a& 57m'a5 m%+'a5a& $/' $+!a& ,&a& ma$%/5" 6a& $%"+"+& %a'a$ ,a& 'a,a$* M/"a!&6a 'a,a $+!a&>$+!a&  'a&.a&* S,a&5a& $+!a& %aa& m%+'a5a& $$/' $+!a&

(12)

,&a& ma$%/5" 6a& m&a&,+& "%a+$ 57!a& ,a& !a"$/&*

 * T+!a& %aa&

Ja%/&a& /&/ .a+3 !/3 5+a$ "!&6a $/,a5 "%a'a a&6a5 ,/ ,a!am ma$%/5" 6a& m&a&,+& "%a$ 57!a& ,a& !a"$/& a$ /&$%"!+!%&6a 'a,a$ ,a& 5%a" 6a& ,/"+$ ma$%/5"* T+!a& %aa& $/,a5!a3 "5+a$ $+!a& $a'/ %"/a$ !&$+%* 9* Da%a3 ,&a& ma$%/5 9a/% 

Da%a3 m%+'a5a& .a%/&a& /5a$ 6a& $%,/%/ ,a%/"! ,a& 5'/& "! 6a& %a,a ,a!am 9a/%a& 6a& ,/"+$ '!a"ma* Ma9am>ma9am "! ,a%a3 6a/$+:

• E%/$%7"/$

B&$+5 +!a$ !7&.7& ,a%/ "am'/& &$+5 9a5%am ,a&  %/&$/* D/"+$ "! ,a%a3 m%a3 5a%&a m&a&,+& '/m& m%a3* Wa%&a m%a3 'a,a ,a%a3 %a"a! ,a%/ 3m7!7/& 6a& ,a'a$ m&/5a$ 75"/&*

• L+57"/$

S! ,a%a3 '+$/3 %+&"/ +&$+5 55a!a& $++3* S! !+57"/$ mam'+ %%a5 "9a%a a" a35a& m&m+"  'm+!+3 ,a%a3 5 .a%/&a& $++3* B%,a"a%5a& a%a&+!a% 

,/a/ m&.a,/ 2 6/$+ !/m7"/$ ,a& m7&7"/$* S,a&5a& %a&+!a% ,/a/ m&.a,/ ) 6a/$+: a"7/! &+$%7/! ,a& 7"/&7/!

• T%7m7"/$

S!&6a 59/!5/%a>5/%a "'%$/a +5+%a& "! ,a%a3 m%a3* P%a&a&&6a "a&a$ '&$/& ,a!m 'm5+a& ,a%a3 ,a& $/,a5   %/&$/* A,a'+& +&"/ +$ama&6a a,a!a3 "aa/ "/"$&  '%$a3a&a& ;a!+67 2010: 4>4=*

)* Ja%/&a& O$7$

Sa/a& "!>"!&6a %&$+5 "%a+$ ,&a& +5+%a& 6a&  %a%/a"/* S$%+5$+% .a%/&a& /&/ ,/53+"+"5a& +&$+5 m!a5+5a& %a5a& a/5 7!3 a,a& "9a%a 5"!+%+3a& ma+'+& 7!3 %aa/ 7%a& $++36a& "a$+ $%3a,a' 6a& !a/&* Ma9am>ma9am .a%/&a& 7$7$ 6a/$+:

a* Ja%/&a& 7$7$ '7!7"

Ja%/&a& 6a& $%,/%/ a$a" "! 'a&.a& ,a& $/,a5 %a%/" m!/&$a&* O$7$ '7!7" 5%.a "9a%a $/,a5 "a,a% "3/&a "%/& ,/"+$7$7$ $a5 "a,a% a$a+ 7$7$ a!a$ ,a!am* O$7$ /&/ $%"+"+& a$a" "!>"! 6a&  %&$+5 5+m'a%a& 3a!+" /&$/ "!&6a %a,a ,/ $&a3* K7&$%a5"/

(13)

 * Ja%/&a& 7$7$ %a&5a

T%,/%/ a$a" %5a">%5a" "! 6a& 'a&.a& %&$+5 "/!/&,%/"  %/&$/ a&6a5* K7&$%a5"/ $%3a,a' %"'7& 9'a$ 5%.a ,/ aa3 5"a,a%a& 5/$a*'a,a +m+&6a 7$7$ %a&5a m!5a$ 'a,a $+!a&> $+!a& 59+a!/ 'a,a 7$7$ !/,a3* O$7$ %a&5a %+&"/ +&$+5  m&%a55a& '%"&,/a&*a/a&>a/a& ,a%/ 7$7$ %a&5a a,a!a3:

• I&$/

• Sa%57!ma ;mm%a& "!= • Sa%57'!a"ma ;"/$7'!a"ma= • M/7/%/!

9* Ja%/&a& 7$7$ .a&$+&

O$7$ /&/ "'%$/ 7$7$ %a&5a $$a'/ 7$7$ .a&$+& %9aa&>9aa&* O$7$ /&/ 5%.a $/,a5 m&+%+$ 53&,a5 5/$a* I&$/ "!&6a $%!$a5 ,/ $&a3* O$7$ .a&$+& 3a&6a ,/$m+5a& ,/ .a&$+&* Pa&.a&&6a a&$a%a 8m,&a& a%/" $&a3 5+%a& !/3 1 &m ;Wa!+67 2010: ><1=

4* Ja%/&a& "a%a 

B%+&"/ +&$+5 m!a5+5a& 577%,/&a"/ ,a%/ $++3 5a%&a 5mam'+a&&6a +&$+5 m&3a&$a%5a& /m'+!" "a%a 6a& %a"a! ,a%/ "+a$+ %a&"a&* S! "a%a /a"a&6a $%"+"+& a$a" &+%7& ,a& &+%7!/a* N+%7& mm/!/5/ "5+%a&>5+%a&&6a "%/+ 3++&a& a&$a%a &+%7& 6a& "a$+ ,&a& &+%7& 6a& !a/&* N+%7!/a %+'a  .a!+%a& '&,5 6a& m!/&,+&/ &+%7&* S/"$m "a%a 'a,a ma&+"/a ,/ a/ m&.a,/ ,+a 6a/$+ "/"$m "a%a '+"a$ ,a& "/"$m "a%a $'/* Ba/a&>a/a& ,a%/ "! "a%a ;&+%7&= a,a!a3:

a* Ba,a& "!

B&$+5&6a %"+,+$ a&6a5 %a&+!!a a"7/!/5 +&$+5  m&3a&$a%5a& /m'+!" 5 a,a& "!*

 * D&,%/$

D&,%/$ /$+ %9aa&>9aa&* D&,%/$ m%+'a5a& $7&.7!a& a$a+ "%a+$ 6a& m&3a&$a%5a& /m'+!" 5 a,a& "!*

9* A5"7&

B%+&"/ m&3a&$a%5a& /m'+!" m&.a+3/ a,a& "!* B&$+5&6a  %+'a "/!/&,% "+m+ 6a& m%+'a5a& "a$+ +!+%a& 'a&.a& ,a%/  a,a& "! 6a& mm'+&6a/ 9/%/ $/'/" ,a& 'a&.a&*

A,a $/a ma9am "! "a%a 6a/$+:

• S! "a%a "&"7%/5 

B%+&"/ m&%/ma %a&"a& ,a%/ %"'$7% 

• S! "a%a m7$7%/5 

B%+&"/ m&3a&$a%5a& %a&"a& 5 5$7% 6a/$+ 7$7$ ,a& 5!&.a% 

(14)

ng, otot polos, otot lurik, jaringan ikat padat teratur, jaringan ikat padat tidak teratur, dan jaringa

Preparat diamati dengan mikroskop dari perbesaran

lemah ke kuat

Bagian-bagian dari preparat yang terlihat pada mikroskop, digambar dan diberi keterangan se

tang Ficus Alternis, melintang daun bayam, akar dikotil (Arachis ypogea), daun, batang, dan aka

Preparat diamati dengan mikroskop dari perbesaran

lemah ke kuat

Bagian-bagian dari preparat yang terlihat pada mikroskop, digambar dan diberi keterangan s

• S! "a%a '&3++&

B%+&"/ m&3++&5a& a&$a%a "! "a%a 6a& "a$+ ,&a& "! "a%a 6a& !a/&&6a* Sa%a '&3++& /&/ $%!$a5 'a,a "+m"+& $+!a& !a5a& ;a!+67 2010: <2><4=*

S,a&5a& "! !/a a$a+ &+%7!/a ,a'a$ ,/a/ m&.a,/ ,+a 6a/$+:

a* M/5%7!/a

B%a"a! ,a%/ m"7,%m "!&6a 'a!/& 59/! '& ,&a& 9aa&>9aa& ,&,%/$ 6a& '&,5 ,a& /&$/ 6a& '&*

 * Ma5%7!/a

B%a"a! 5$7,%m %5ma& ,a%/ !m'& &+%7&* T%,/%/ a$a" a"$%7"/$ ,a& 7!/7,&,%7"/$*

I#*

M$7, P&!/$/a&

A!a$ ,a& Ba3a&

1* A!a$: M/5%7"57' 2* Ba3a&

a* P%'a%a$ a$a& 7$7$ .a&$+&

 * P%'a%a$ a$a& .a%/&a& /5a$ 'a,a$ $%a$+%  9* P%'a%a$ a$a& 7$7$ %a&5a!+%/5 

,* P%'a%a$ a$a& .a%/&a& /5a$ 'a,a$ $/,a5 $%a$+% * P%'a%a$ a$a& 7$7$ '7!7"

* P%'a%a$ a$a& .a%/&a& /5a$ 5&,+% ;Subcutan Moilory) * P%'a%a$ '&am'a& m!/&$a& a$a& Ficus Alternis 3* P%'a%a$ '&am'a& m!/&$a& ,a+& a6am

/* P%'a%a$ '&am'a& a5a% ,/57$/! ; Aratius Hypogra)  .* P%'a%a$ '&am'a& ,a+& .a+& ; Zea Mays)

5* P%'a%a$ '&am'a& a$a& .a+& !* P%'a%a$ '&am'a& a5a% Ja+&

Ca%a K%.a

1* P&ama$a& Ja%/&a& Ha&

(15)

#*

Ha"/! P&ama$a&

 N7* Gama% K$%a&a&

1* Ba$a&  Ficus Elastica 1* E'/,%m/" 2* K7%$5" )* E&,7,%m/"

P%"a%a& 4  10

2* O$7$ Ja&$+& 1* I&$/ "! 2* S/$7'!a"ma )* Mm%a& "! P%"a%a& 40  10

)* Ja%/&a& I5a$ Pa,a$ T%a$+% 1* R+a& a&$a% "! 2* I&$/ "!

)* Mm%a& "! P%"a%a& 400

4* P%'a%a$ M!/&$a& Da+& Ba6am 1* E'/,%m/"

2* Ja%/&a& 'a!/"a, )* Ja%/&a& "'7&" 4* B%5a" '&a&5+$ * E'/,%m/" aa3

P%"a%a& 400

* P%'a%a$ A5a% D/57$/! ; Arachis 1* E'/,%m/" 2* K7%$5"

(16)

hypogea) )* F!7m 4* /!m * Kam/+m P%"a%a& 40 <* O$7$ Ra&5aL+%/5   P%"a%a& 40 ?*

Da+& Ja+& ; Zea Mays)

1* E'/,%m/" 2* K7%$5" )* Ja%/&a& '&a&5+$ 4* /!m * F!7m <* S'7&" ?* S$7ma$a P%"a%a& 40 8* Ja%/&a& I5a$ Pa,a$ T/,a5 T%a$+% 

P%"a%a& 40 @* Ja%/&a& Ba$a& Ja+& 1* E'/,%m/"

2* K7%$5"

)* B%5a" '&a&5+$

P%"a%a& 100 10* O$7$ P7!7"

P%"a%a& 100

11* Ja%/&a& I5a$ K&,+% ;Subcutan  Mailory)

1* Ka!7& 2* F/%7"a

(17)

12* A5a% Ja+& 1* E'/,%m/"

2* B%5a" P&a&5+$

P%"a%a& 100

#I*

Pma3a"a&

P%a5$/5+m 5a!/ /&/ mma3a" m&&a/ .a%/&a& 'a,a 3a& ,a&  .a%/&a& 'a,a $+m+3a&* S'%$/ 6a& "+,a3 ,/ .!a"5a& ,/,a!am ,a"a% 

$7%/ a3a .a%/&a& '&6+"+& 'a,a 3a& $%,/%/ ,a%/ m'a$ 5!7m'75 "aa/ %/5+$:

a* Ja%/&a& E'/$! 6a/$+ !a'/"a& "! 6a& mma$a"/ '%m+5aa& a,a& 5+!/$ ,a& mm%a& m+57"a* B%,a"a%5a& .+m!a3 ,a%/ !a'/"a& "!&6a '/$! ,/a/ m&.a,/ ,+a 6a/$+ '/$! "!a'/" 6a& $%,/%/ ,a%/ '/$! "!a'/" '/'/3 '/$! "!a'/" 5++" '/$! "!a'/" "/!/&,% ,a& '/$!  %!a'/" a&6a5 'a!"+ %"/!/a "%$a '/$! %!a'/" a&6a5 6a& $%,/%/ ,a%/ '/$! %!a'/" a&6a5 '/'/3 '/$! "/!/&,%/" ,a& '/$! $%a&"/"/7&a!*

 * Ja%/&a& I5a$ 6a/$+ .a%/&a& '&6am+& '&/5a$ ,a& '&6757&  .a%/&a& ;+&"/7&a! a5$/= !a/&* B%,a"a%5a& +&"/7&a!&6a .a%/&a& /&/ ,/a/ m&.a,/ ,+a 6a/$+ .a%/&a& /5a$ ".a$/ 6a& $%,/%/ ,a%/  .a%/&a& /5a$ !7&a% .a%/&a& /5a$ 'a,a$ .a%/&a& /5a$ %$/9+!a%  .a%/&a& !ma5 ,a& .a%/&a& '/m& "%$a .a%/&a& /5a$ 53+"+" 6a&

$%,/%/ ,a%/ $+!a& $+!a& %aa& ,a& ,a%a3 ,&a& ma$%/5 9a/%*

9* Ja%/&a& O$7$ 6a/$+ .a%/&a& 6a& ,/53+"+"5a& +&$+5 m!a5+5a& %a5a& a/5 7!3 a,a& "9a%a 5"!+%+3a& ma+'+& 7!3 %aa/ 7%a& $++3 6a& "a$+ $%3a,a' 6a& !a/&&6a* P&7!7&a& .a%/&a& 7$7$ 6a/$+ .a%/&a& 7$7$ '7!7" 7$7$ %a&5a ,a& 7$7$ .a&$+&*

,* Ja%/&a& Sa%a 6a/$+ .a%/&a& 6a& mm/!/5/ 5mam'+a& +&$+5  m&3a&$a%5a& /m'+!" "a%a 6a& %a"a! ,a%/ "+a$+ %a&"a&a&* S9a%a "$%+5$+%a! .a%/&a& /&/ ,/a/ m&.a,/ ,+a 6a/$+ &+%7& 6a& $%,/%/ ,a%/ a,a& "! ,&,%/$ ,a& a5"7& "%$a &+%7!/a 6a& $%$,/%/ m/5%7!/a ,a& ma5%7!/a*

Ja%/&a& '&6+"+& 'a,a $+m+3a& ,a'a$ ,/7!7&5a& %,a"a%5a& +m+% 57m'7"/"/ ,a& +&"/ .a%/&a& $%"+$* Ja%/&a&>.a%/&a& '&6+"+& $%"+$ 6a/$+:

(18)

a* Ja%/&a& m+,a ;.a%/&a& m%/"$m= mam'+ mm!a3 ,/%/ "9a%a $%+">m&%+" ,a& mm&$+5 "%$a %5ma& m&.a,/ %ma9am> ma9am .a%/&a& a%+

 * Ja%/&a& '/,%m/" mam'+ m!/&,+&/ .a%/&a& "! ,/ "!a3 ,a!am 9* Ja%/&a& a+" "aa/ '&a&$/ '/,%m/" 5$/5a a$a& a$a+ a5a% 

m&.a,/ ,a"a

,* Ja%/&a& 'a%&5/m +&$+5 mm&$+5 ,a/& +a3 mm&$+5  &,7"'%m m&6/m'a& ma5a&a& 9a,a&a& $m'a$ 7$7"/&$"/" ,a& "aa/ '&6757& $++3 /!a a5+7!a&6a %/"/ a/%

* Ja%/&a& 57!&5/m .a%/&a& '&+&.a& 6a& $%,a'a$ 'a,a $+m+3a& 6a& ma"/3 m+,a ,a& !+m %5a6+* T+a"&6a a,a!a3 "aa/  '&6757& $++3

* Ja%/&a& "5!%&5/m .a%/&a& 6a& "!>"!&6a m&a!am/ '&a!a& ,a%/ a$ 5a6+ ;!/&/&= ,/&,/& "!&6a $/,a5 !a"$/" &am+& 5+a$ ,a& "!> "!&6a "+,a3 ma$/* T+a"&6a .+a "aa/ '&6757&

* Ja%/&a& F!7m m&a&5+$ a3a&>a3a& a$a+ 3a"/! 7$7"/&$"/" ,a%/ a$a" 5 aa3 6a/$+ ,a%/ ,a+& 5 a/a& $++3 $+m+3a& 6a& !a/&&6a

3* Ja%/&a& /!m m&a&5+$ a3a& m/&%a! ,a& a/% ,a%/ a5a% "ama'a/ ,a+&*

P&ama$a& '%$ama 6a/$+ $&$a& '&ama$a& .a%/&a& $+m+3a& ,&a& /9+" !a"$/9a "aa/ 7.5 6a& ,/ama$/* Da%/ 3a"/! '&ama$a& 6a& $!a3 ,/,a'a$5a& ,a'a$ ,/5$a3+/ a3a .a%/&a&>.a%/&a& 6a& $%!/3a$ "aa$ '&ama$a& /9+" !a"$/9a ,&a& '%"a%a& 4  10 a,a!a3  .a%/&a& '/,%m/" 57%$5" ,a& &,7,%m/"* E'/,%m/" ,/"/&/ %+&"/ "aa/ '!/&,+& +&$+5 a/a&>a/a& !a/& 6a& %a,a ,/aa3&6a* K7%$5" ,a'a$ $%,/%/ ,a%/ %aa/ $/' "! 97&$73&6a 57%$5" $%,/%/ "!+%+3&6a a$a" .a%/&a& 'a%&5/m 6a& $/'/"* S!a/& /$+ 57%$5" .+a ,a'a$  %/"/5a& "5!%/, "! "5%"/ ,a& !a$/"/%* S,a&5a& &,7,%m/" "&,/%/ m%+'a5a& !a'/"a& "! 53+"+" 6a& mma$a"/ 57%$5" ,a%/ "/!/&,%   'm+!+3 ,a& /a"a&6a $/,a5 m&a!am/ '%5ma&a&* Ha"/! $%"+$  ./5a ,/a&,/&5a& ,&a& $7%/ ,a& '%&6a$aa& "%$a '%97aa& 6a& ,/!a5+5a& 7!3 %a'a 7%a& 6a& '%a5$/5a& ,a'a$5a& ,a%/ /&$%&$ $%,a'a$ %a'a '%,aa&* P%,aa& $%"+$ a,a!a3 $/,a5 $%!/3a$&6a  %5a" '&a&5+$ ,a& .a%/&a& "'7&" 'a,a '&ama$a& 6a& ,/!a5+5a& 7!3 '%a5$/5a&* S"+a/ ,&a& $7%/ a3a "3a%+"&6a a$a& mm/!/5/  .a%/&a& "'7&" ,a& %5a" '&a&5+$ .a,/ 3a"/! 6a& ,/,a'a$5a& 7!3  '%a5$/5a& ,a'a$ ,/5a$a5a& 5+%a& %3a"/! 3a! /&/ .+a ,a'a$ $%!/3a$ ,a%/ ama% 3a"/! '&ama$a& ,&a& ama% 6a& '%a5$/5a& $m+5a& ,/ /&$%&$ 5,+a&6a mm/!/5/ a/a&>a/a& 6a& %,a* P%,aa& /&/

(19)

,a'a$ $%.a,/ 5a%&a 5+%a&&6a '%"a%a& 6a& ,/+&a5a& 7!3 '%a5$/5a& 5a%&a 5$%a$a"a& a!a$ ,a& .+a 5a%&a 5"a!a3a& 6a& ,/!a5+5a& 7!3  '%a5$/5a&*

P&ama$a& 5,+a 6a/$+ $&$a& '&ama$a& .a%/&a& 3a& ,&a& 7$7 .a&$+& "aa/ 7.5 6a& ,/ama$/* Da%/ 3a"/! '&ama$a& 6a& $!a3 ,/,a'a$5a& ,a'a$ ,/5$a3+/ a3a .a%/&a&>.a%/&a& 6a& $%!/3a$ "aa$  '&ama$a& 7$7$ .a&$+& ,&a& '%"a%a& 40  10 a,a!a3 /&$/ "! "/$7'!a"ma ,a& mm%a& "!* Ha"/! $%"+$ ./5a ,/a&,/&5a& ,&a& $7%/ ,a& '%&6a$aa& "%$a '%97aa& 6a& ,/!a5+5a& 7!3 %a'a 7%a& 6a&  '%a5$/5a& ,a'a$5a& ,a%/ /&$%&$ $/,a5 $%,a'a$ '%,aa&* Ja,/ 3a"/! 6a& ,/,a'a$5a& 7!3 '%a5$/5a& ,a'a$ ,/5a$a5a& 9+5+' %3a"/! 3a! /&/ .+a ,a'a$ $%!/3a$ ,a%/ ama% 3a"/! '&ama$a& ,&a& ama% 6a&  '%a5$/5a& $m+5a& ,/ /&$%&$ 5,+a&6a $%!/3a$ "ama ,a& mm/!/5/  a/a&>a/a& 6a& "ama '+!a*

P&ama$a& 5$/a 6a/$+ $&$a& '&ama$a& .a%/&a& 3a& ,&a&  .a%/&a& /5a$ 'a,a$ $%a$+% "aa/ 7.5 6a& ,/ama$/* Da%/ 3a"/!  '&ama$a& 6a& $!a3 ,/,a'a$5a& ,a'a$ ,/5$a3+/ a3a .a%/&a&>  .a%/&a& 6a& $%!/3a$ "aa$ '&ama$a& .a%/&a& /5a$ 'a,a$ $%a$+% ,&a&  '%"a%a& 400 a,a!a3 R+a& a&$a% "! /&$/ "! ,a& mm%a& "!* R+a& a&$a% "! ,/"/&/ m%+'a5a& %+a& 57"7& 6a& $%,a'a$ ,/a&$a%a %a'a "!* I&$/ "! m%+'a5a& '+"a$ '&7&$%7! "m+a a5$//$a" "!* S,a&5a& mm%a& "! a,a!a3 !a'/"a& 6a& m!/&,+&/ 7%a& !a/&&6a ,a& "/$7'!a"ma* Ha"/! $%"+$ ./5a ,/a&,/&5a& ,&a& $7%/ ,a& '%&6a$aa& "%$a '%97aa& 6a& ,/!a5+5a& 7!3 %a'a 7%a& 6a& '%a5$/5a& ,a'a$5a& ,a%/ /&$%&$ "+,a3 9+5+' "ama &am+& ma"/3 $%,a'a$ ",/5/$  '%,aa&* P%,aa& $%"+$ a,a!a3 $/,a5 a,a&6a 5$%a&a& $&$a& "/$7'!a"ma 'a,a '&ama$a& 6a& ,/!a5+5a& 7!3 '%a5$/5a&* S"+a/ ,&a& $7%/ a3a "3a%+"&6a .a%/&a& /5a$ 'a,a$ .+a mm/!/5/ "/$7'!a"ma .a,/ 3a"/! 6a& ,/,a'a$5a& 7!3 '%a5$/5a& ,a'a$ ,/5a$a5a& 5+%a& %3a"/! 3a! /&/ .+a ,a'a$ $%!/3a$ ,a%/ ama% 3a"/! '&ama$a& ,&a& ama% 6a& '%a5$/5a& $m+5a& ,/ /&$%&$ 5,+a&6a mm/!/5/  a/a&>a/a& 6a& "ama* Ja,/ '%,aa&&6a 3a&6a $%,a'a$ 'a,a 5$%a&a& 3a"/! '&ama$a& "a.a /&/ ,a'a$ $%.a,/ 5a%&a 5"a!a3a& ,a& $/,a5 5$!/$/a& '%a5$/5a& ,a!am mm%/ 5$%a&a& 'a,a 3a"/!  '&ama$a&*

P&ama$a& 5m'a$ 6a/$+ $&$a& '&ama$a& .a%/&a& $+m+3a& ,&a& '&am'a& m!/&$a& ,a+& a6am "aa/ 7.5 6a& ,/ama$/* Da%/ 3a"/! '&ama$a& 6a& $!a3 ,/,a'a$5a& ,a'a$ ,/5$a3+/ a3a

(20)

 .a%/&a&>.a%/&a& 6a& $%!/3a$ "aa$ '&ama$a& '&am'a& m!/&$a& ,a+& a6am ,&a& '%"a%a& 400 a,a!a3 .a%/&a& '/,%m/" a$a"  .a%/&a& 'a!/"a, .a%/&a& +&a 5a%a& %5a" '&a&5+$ ,a& '/,%m/" aa3* E'/,%m/" ,/"/&/ %+&"/ "aa/ '!/&,+& +&$+5   a/a&>a/a& !a/& a/5 6a& %a,a ,/aa3&6a ma+'+& ,/a$a"&6a*

Ja%/&a& 'a!/"a, m%+'a5a& .a%/&a& 57!&5/m 6a& %+&$+5 'a&.a&>  'a&.a& ,a& $%"+"+& %a'a$* Ja%/&a& +&a 5a%a& m%+'a5a& .a%/&a& 57!&5/m 6a& &$+5&6a $/,a5 %a$+%a& ,a& $%"+"+& 5+%a& %a'a$* S,a&5a& %5a" '&a&5+$ m%+'a5a& .a%/&a& 6a& %+&"/ m&a&5+$ "m+a a3a& a/5 /$+ 3a"/! 7$7"/&$"/" ma+'+& a/% ,a& a%am m/&%a! ,/ ,a!am $++3 $+m+3a&* Ha"/! $%"+$ ./5a ,/a&,/&5a& ,&a& $7%/ ,a& '%&6a$aa& "%$a '%97aa& 6a& ,/!a5+5a& 7!3 %a'a 7%a& 6a& '%a5$/5a& ,a'a$5a& ,a%/ /&$%&$ $%!/3a$ 9+5+' "ama* T/,a5  $%,a'a$ '%,aa& 6a& 9+5+ %a%$/ ,&a& '&ama$a& 6a& ,/!a5+5a& 7!3 '%a5$/5a&* S"+a/ ,&a& $7%/ a3a .a%/&a&>.a%/&a& 6a& $%!/3a$ mma& "+,a3 &a% a,a&6a .a,/ 3a"/! 6a& ,/,a'a$5a& 7!3 '%a5$/5a& ,a'a$ ,/5a$a5a& 9+5+' %3a"/! 3a! /&/ .+a ,a'a$ $%!/3a$ ,a%/ ama% 3a"/!  '&ama$a& ,&a& ama% 6a& '%a5$/5a& $m+5a& ,/ /&$%&$ 5,+a&6a $%!/3a$ ,a& mm/!/5/ a/a&>a/a& 6a& "ama* Nam+& m"5/'+& /$+  'a"$/ ma"/3 $%,a'a$ '%,aa& a!a+'+& 3a&6a ",/5/$ /&/ ,a'a$ $%.a,/

5a%&a 5"a!a3a& ,a& 5$/,a5$!/$/a& 6a& ,/!a5+5a& 7!3 '%a5$/5a&*

P&ama$a& 5!/ma 6a/$+ $&$a& '&ama$a& .a%/&a& $+m+3a& ,&a& '&am'a& a5a% ,/57$/! ;arachis hypogea) "aa/ 7.5 6a& ,/ama$/* Da%/ 3a"/! '&ama$a& 6a& $!a3 ,/,a'a$5a& ,a'a$ ,/5$a3+/  a3a .a%/&a&>.a%/&a& 6a& $%!/3a$ "aa$ '&ama$a& '&am'a& a5a% 

,/57$/! ;arachis hypogea) ,&a& '%"a%a& 40 a,a!a3 .a%/&a& '/,%m/" 57%$5" !7m /!m ,a& 5am/+m* E'/,%m/" ,/"/&/ %+&"/ "aa/ '!/&,+& +&$+5 a/a&>a/a& !a/& a/5 6a& %a,a ,/aa3&6a ma+'+& ,/a$a"&6a* K7%$5" ,a'a$ $%,/%/ ,a%/ %aa/ $/' "! 97&$73&6a 57%$5" $%,/%/ "!+%+3&6a a$a" .a%/&a& 'a%&5/m 6a& $/'/"* S!a/& /$+ 57%$5" .+a ,a'a$ %/"/5a& "5!%/, "! "5%"/ ,a& !a$/"/%* F!7m ,a& /!m ,/"/&/ m%+'a5a& .a%/&a& '&a&5+$ 6a& %+&"/ m&a&5+$ "m+a a3a& a/5 /$+ 3a"/! 7$7"/&$"/" ma+'+& a/% ,a& a%am m/&%a! ,/ ,a!am $++3 $+m+3a&* S,a&5a& 5am+/m mm/!/5/ a5$//$a" 6a/$+ 5 a%a3 !+a% mm&$+! 5+!/$ ,a& 5 a%a3 ,a!am mm&$+5 5a6+* Ha"/! $%"+$ ./5a ,/a&,/&5a& ,&a& $7%/ ,a& '%&6a$aa& "%$a '%97aa& 6a& ,/!a5+5a& 7!3 %a'a 7%a& 6a& '%a5$/5a& ,a'a$5a& ,a%/ /&$%&$

(21)

$%!/3a$ 9+5+' "ama* T/,a5 $%,a'a$ '%,aa& 6a& 9+5+ %a%$/ ,&a&  '&ama$a& 6a& ,/!a5+5a& 7!3 '%a5$/5a&* S"+a/ ,&a& $7%/ a3a  .a%/&a&>.a%/&a& 6a& $%!/3a$ mma& "+,a3 &a% a,a&6a .a,/ 3a"/! 6a& ,/,a'a$5a& 7!3 '%a5$/5a& ,a'a$ ,/5a$a5a& 9+5+' %3a"/! 3a! /&/  .+a ,a'a$ $%!/3a$ ,a%/ ama% 3a"/! '&ama$a& ,&a& ama% 6a&  '%a5$/5a& $m+5a& ,/ /&$%&$ 5,+a&6a $%!/3a$ ,a& mm/!/5/ a/a&>  a/a& 6a& "ama* Nam+& m"5/'+& /$+ 'a"$/ ma"/3 $%,a'a$  '%,aa& a!a+'+& 3a&6a ",/5/$ /&/ ,a'a$ $%.a,/ 5a%&a 5"a!a3a& ,a&

5$/,a5$!/$/a& 6a& ,/!a5+5a& 7!3 '%a5$/5a&*

P&ama$a& 5&am 6a/$+ $&$a& '&ama$a& .a%/&a& 3a& ,&a&  .a%/&a& 7$7$ %a&5a!+%/5 "aa/ 7.5 6a& ,/ama$/* Da%/ 3a"/!  '&ama$a& 6a& $!a3 ,/,a'a$5a& 'a,a .a%/&a& 7$7$ !+%/5 ,&a&  '%"a%a& 40 $%!/3a$ a3a mm/!/5/ %a'a .a%/&a& $%$&$+ &am+&  '%a5$/5a& $/,a5 mm%/ 5$%a&a& a'a'+& 'a,a ama% 3a"/! '&!/$/a&* Ha"/! $%"+$ ./5a ,/a&,/&5a& ,&a& $7%/ ,a& '%&6a$aa& "%$a  '%97aa& 6a& ,/!a5+5a& 7!3 %a'a 7%a& 6a& '%a5$/5a& ,a'a$5a& ,a%/ /&$%&$ "+,a3 9+5+' "ama &am+& ma"/3 5+%a& ,a!am 3a! 5$%a&a& 3a"/! '&ama$a&&6a* Ja,/ ,a'a$ ,/5a$a5a& a3a "&a%&6a 3a"/! 6a& ,/,a'a$5a& 7!3 '%a5$/5a& ,a'a$ ,/5a$a5a& 9+5+' %3a"/! ./5a "a.a ,/!&5a'/ ,&a& 5$%a&a& 3a"/! '&ama$a& 3a! /&/ .+a ,a'a$ $%!/3a$ ,a%/ ama% 3a"/! '&ama$a& ,&a& ama% 6a& '%a5$/5a& $m+5a& ,/ /&$%&$ 5,+a&6a $%!/3a$ ,a& mm/!/5/ a/a&>a/a& 6a& "ama* Ja,/ '%,aa&&6a 3a&6a $%,a'a$ 'a,a 5$%a&a& 3a"/! '&ama$a& "a.a 6a& $/,a5 a,a /&/ ,a'a$ $%.a,/ 5a%&a 5"a!a3a& ,a& $/,a5 5$!/$/a&  '%a5$/5a& ,a!am mm%/ 5$%a&a& 'a,a 3a"/! '&ama$a&*

P&ama$a& 5$+.+3 6a/$+ $&$a& '&ama$a& .a%/&a& $+m+3a& ,&a& '&am'a& m!/&$a& ,a+& a6am "aa/ 7.5 6a& ,/ama$/* Da%/ 3a"/! '&ama$a& 6a& $!a3 ,/,a'a$5a& ,a'a$ ,/5$a3+/ a3a  .a%/&a&>.a%/&a& 6a& $%!/3a$ "aa$ '&ama$a& '&am'a& m!/&$a& ,a+& a6am ,&a& '%"a%a& 400 a,a!a3 .a%/&a& '/,%m/" 57%$5"  .a%/&a& '&a&5+$ .a%/&a& "'7&" ,a& "$7ma$a* E'/,%m/" ,/"/&/  %+&"/ "aa/ '!/&,+& +&$+5 a/a&>a/a& !a/& a/5 6a& %a,a ,/aa3&6a ma+'+& ,/a$a"&6a* Ja%/&a& '&a&5+$ m%+'a5a& .a%/&a& 6a& %+&"/ m&a&5+$ "m+a a3a& a/5 /$+ 3a"/! 7$7"/&$"/" ma+'+& a/% ,a& a%am m/&%a! ,/ ,a!am $++3 $+m+3a&* Ja%/&a& "'7&" m%+'a5a& .a%/&a& 57!&5/m 6a& &$+5&6a $/,a5 %a$+%a& ,a& $%"+"+& 5+%a& %a'a$* S,a&5a& "$7ma$a m%+'a5a& $m'a$ 9!a3 6a& ,/a'/$ 7!3 ,+a "! '&+$+' 'a,a '/,%m/" 6a& %+&"/ ,a!am '%7""

Referensi

Dokumen terkait

Dalam hal terdapat perbedaan data antara DIPA Petikan dengan database RKA-K/L-DIPA Kementerian Keuangan maka yang berlaku adalah data yang terdapat di dalam database

Pakar Untuk Mendiagnosa Gangguan Perilaku Abnormal Anak dengan Metode Dempster- Shafer ” untuk mendiagnosa 11 j enis gangguan yang diimplementasikan dalam bahasa

Sedangkan pada komposit fraksi volume serat 40% sampai 70% terlihat susunan dan penyebaran seratnya ada yang tidak merata, selain itu oleh karena jumlah serat

Akibatnya, proses perubahan UUD 1945 tidak didasari oleh suatu desain yang komprehensif, minimnya keterlibatan masyarakat secara substantif, dan hasil perubahan UUD

Standar akuntansi yang digunakan sebagai prinsip syariah merupakan kunci sukses bagi bank atau lembaga keuangan syariah untuk menjalankan sistemnya dalam rangka

Kondisi ini membuat proses inisiasi bonding menjadi lebih lambat, oleh karena bayi yang kurang responsif cenderung menginduksi ibu atau orangtua menjadi tidak responsif

Fungsi mikrokontroler dalam sub sistem ini adalah memisahkan isi SMS dari informasi lainnya dan hanya mengambil isi SMS-nya. Selanjutnya isi SMS tersebut diubah

berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media dan alat (bola) yang dimodifikasi memberikan pengaruh terhadap keterampilan gerak dasar menendang dan