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AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES
AND QUALITY OF DIRECT SPEECH
IN THE UTTERANCES IN
BILINGUAL CHILDREN COMIC
ENTITLED “PINOCCHIO”
THESIS
Submitted to Meet a Part of the Requirements for Sarjana Sastra Degree from English Department Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts
Sebelas Maret University by:
PARAMITA WIDYA HAPSARI C0309050
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS AND FINE ARTS
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
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PRONOUNCEMENT
Name : Paramita Widya Hapsari
NIM : C0309050
Stated whole-heartedly that this thesis entitled An Analysis of Translation
Techniques and Quality of Direct Speech in the Utterances in Bilingual Children
Comic Entitled “Pinocchio” is originally made by the researcher. It is neither a
plagiarism, nor made by others. The things related to other people’s works are
written in quotation and included within bibliography.
If it is then proved that the researcher cheated, the researcher is ready to take the
responsibility.
Surakarta, 22 November 2013
The researcher
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MOTTO
“Trust yourself. You know more than you think you do.”
(Benjamin Spock)
Man Jadda Wajada, Man Shabara Zhafira, Man Sara Ala
Darbi Washala
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DEDICATION
I dedicate this thesis to:
My beloved Mom
My beloved Dad in Heaven
My beloved Brother and My
Sister-in-law
My Honest Relatives and
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamin, all praises to Allah and peace be upon His
chosen bondsmen and women. Finally I can finish this thesis as a partial
fulfillment of requirement of the Sarjana Degree. Many parties helped me during
finishing this thesis. Their helps, supports, knowledge, and encouragements were
very important for me. Without their contribution, my thesis would never be
completed.
In this occasion, I would like to say my deepest gratitude to:
1. ALLAH Subhanahu Wa Ta’ala who has been strengthening my life
purpose. He knows what’s best and He will do what’s right.
2. The Dean of the Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts, Drs. Riyadi Santosa,
M.Ed, Ph.D. for approving this thesis.
3. The Head of Regular English Department, Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo,
M.A., Ph.D. for his guidance and approving this thesis.
4. My thesis consultant, Prof. Drs. M.R. Nababan, M.Ed., M.A., Ph.D.
for his guidance and critical advices. Thank you for always giving me
your time. I would like to give my thanks for always giving me the
words which can make me having better knowledge about translation
studies and the spirit to finish this thesis soon.
5. Yusuf Kurniawan, S.S, M.A., as my academic supervisor for his
assistance during my study. Thank you very much for always giving
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6. All the lecturers in English Department UNS, thank you very much for
the important knowledge.
7. All the staffs of Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts UNS, thank you for
helping me dealing with administration stuffs and other importance.
8. Bayu Budiharjo, S.S, M. Hum.; Fenty Kusumastuti, S.S, M. Hum.;
Sumardiono, S.S, M. Hum., thank you very much for being my raters.
Thank you for helping me in dealing with translation studies and for
interesting discussion.
9. My perfect parents, Ibuk and Alm. Bapak in heaven. Your praying and
supports are very meaningful in my life. I am very proud of you.
Always be a strong and extraordinary woman, Mom. May you be
shaded by His mercy, Dad. I do love you.
10.My cute respondents; Riska, Tika, and Rhesa. Thank you for helping
me.
11.My besties; Narrendri Jati .P. (Jeje), Nurul Intan Sari, Nurlita Hapsari
(Suhu), Ratih Dewi .S. (Emak). Thank you for beautiful friendship.
I’m so thankful for every moment I shared with you and I’m so
grateful being among you. May Allah always bless us.
12.The Big Family of ED 09. Our togetherness is one of my joy in life.
Thank you for every beautiful moment and for every laughter. You are
the best, guys. I love you all.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
APPROVAL OF THE THESIS SUPERVISOR ... ii
APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS ... iii
PRONOUNCEMENT ... iv
B. Research Limitation ... 5
C. Research Problems ... 5
D. Research Objectives ... 6
E. Research Benefits ... 6
F. Thesis Organization ... 7
CHAPTER II : LITERATURE REVIEW ... 9
A.Definition of Translation ... 9
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C. Translation Techniques ... 13
D. Translation Quality ... 20
1. Accuracy ... 20
CHAPTER III : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 34
A.Research Type and Design ... 34
B. Data and Source of Data ... 35
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F. Research Procedures ... 44
CHAPTER IV : DATA ANALYSIS ... 47
A. Introduction ... 47
B. Analysis ... 47
1. Translation Technique Analysis ... 47
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2.3 Readability ... 101
2.3.1 Readable Translation ... 103
2.3.2 Less Readable Translation ... 105
C. Discussion ... 108
CHAPTER V : CONCLUSSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ... 119
A. Conclussions ... 119
B. Recommendations ... 121
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Table 4.1.1 Data Numbers of Literal Translation ... 48
Table 4.1.2 Data Numbers of Compensation ... 51
Table 4.1.3 Data Numbers of Transposition ... 54
Table 4.1.4 Data Numbers of Linguistic Compression ... 57
Table 4.1.5 Data Numbers of Adaptation ... 59
Table 4.1.6 Data Numbers of Modulation ... 61
Table 4.1.7 Data Numbers of Generalization... 62
Table 4.1.8 Data Numbers of Calque ... 64
Table 4.1.9 Data Numbers of Established Equivalence ... 65
Table 4.1.10 Data Numbers of Particularization ... 66
Table 4.1.11 Data Numbers of the Utterances Using Two or More Techniques67 Table 4.1.12 Percentage of Translation Techniques Data... 80
Table 4.2.1 Percentage of Accurate Translation ... 82
Table 4.2.2 Percentage of Acceptable Translation... 91
Table 4.2.3 Percentage of Readable Translation ... 101
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Figure 4.1.11.1 Literal translation and Borrowing ... 69
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Figure 4.1.11.3 Literal translation and Generalization ... 71
Figure 4.1.11.4 Literal translation and Compensation ... 72
Figure 4.1.11.5 Literal translation and Established Equivalence ... 73
Figure 4.1.11.6 Adaptation and Borrowing ... 74
Figure 4.1.11.7 Established Equivalence and Linguistic Compression ... 75
Figure 4.1.11.8 Linguistic Amplification and Transposition ... 76
Figure 4.1.11.9 Literal translation, Compensation, and Reduction ... 77
Figure 4.1.11.10 Adaptation, Linguistic compression, and Generalization . 79 Figure 4.2.1.1.1 Accurate translation ... 83
Figure 4.2.1.1.2 Accurate translation ... 84
Figure 4.2.1.1.3 Accurate translation ... 85
Figure 4.2.1.1.4 Accurate translation ... 86
Figure 4.2.1.2.1 Less accurate translation ... 87
Figure 4.2.1.2.2 Less accurate translation ... 88
Figure 4.2.1.2.3 Less accurate translation ... 89
Figure 4.2.1.2.4 Less accurate translation ... 90
Figure 4.2.2.1.1 Acceptable translation ... 92
Figure 4.2.2.1.2 Acceptable translation ... 93
Figure 4.2.2.1.3 Acceptable translation ... 94
Figure 4.2.2.2.1 Less acceptable translation ... 95
Figure 4.2.2.2.2 Less acceptable translation ... 96
Figure 4.2.2.2.3 Less acceptable translation ... 97
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Figure 4.2.2.2.5 Less acceptable translation ... 99
Figure 4.2.2.3 Not acceptable translation ... 100
Figure 4.2.3.1.1 Readable translation ... 103
Figure 4.2.3.1.2 Readable translation ... 104
Figure 4.2.3.1.3 Readable translation ... 104
Figure 4.2.3.2.1 Less readable translation ... 105
Figure 4.2.3.2.2 Less readable translation ... 106
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ABSTRACT
Paramita Widya Hapsari. An Analysis of Translation Techniques and Quality of Direct Speech in the Utterances in Bilingual Children Comic Entitled Pinocchio. Thesis: English Department. Faculty of Letters and Fine Arts. Sebelas Maret University.
The research focuses on the analysis of techniques and quality of translation of direct speech in the utterances in bilingual children comic entitled Pinocchio.
The purposes of this study are to find out the translation techniques and quality of direct speech translation in terms of accuracy, acceptability, and readability.
The research counducts a descriptive-qualitative method. The data were collected by employing a purposive sampling technique. The research was conducted by using content analysis and questionnaire. In the content analysis, the researcher collected the data from bilingual children comic. the total data were 135 data. This research used a close and open-ended questionnaire that was contributed to the raters.
The result of the data analysis shows that: 1) The translation techniques used by the translator are 13 techniques, they are: literal translation (88 data); compensation (17 data); transposition (16 data); adaptation (15 data); borrowing (11 data); linguistic compression (8 data); generalization (7 data); established equivalence (4 data); modulation (3 data); particularization (2 data); linguistic amplification (1 datum); calque (1 datum); and reduction (1 datum). 2) The result of the accuracy translation shows that: 115 data (85,19%) are accurate translation and 20 data (14,81%) are less accurate. Meanwhile, relating to the acceptability aspect, the result shows: 96 data (71,11%) are acceptable, 38 data (28,15%) are less acceptable, and 1 datum (0,74%) is not acceptable translation. The result of the readability shows that: 104 data (77,04%) are categorized as readable translation and 31 data (22,96%) are categorized as less readable translation.
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ABSTRAK
Paramita Widya Hapsari. Analisis Teknik dan Kualitas Penerjemahan dalam Ujaran Langsung di Komik Dwibahasa Anak Pinocchio. Skripsi: Sastra Inggris. Fakultas Sastra dan Seni Rupa. Universitas Sebelas Maret.
Penelitian ini fokus pada analisis teknik dan kualitas penerjemahan dalam ujaran langsung di komik anak dwibahasa Pinocchio.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui teknik dan kualitas penerjemahan pada ujaran langsung dalam hal keakuratan, keberterimaan, dan keterbacaan.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif-kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan
dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data
dilakukan dengan analisis isi dan kuesioner. Dalam analisis isi, peneliti mengumpulkan data dari komik dwibahasa anak. Total data adalah 135 data. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner tertutup dan terbuka yang dikontribusikan kepada rater.
Hasil dari analisis data menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Teknik penerjemahan yang digunakan oleh penerjemah adalah 13 teknik, yaitu: terjemahan literal (88 data); data (14,81%) adalah terjemahan yang kurang akurat. Sementara itu, berhubungan dengan aspek keberterimaan, hasil menunjukkan bahwa: 96 data (71,11%) adalah terjemahan yang berterima, 38 data (28,15%) adalah terjemahan yang kurang berterima, dan 1 data (0,74%) adalah terjemahan yang tidak berterima. Hasil dari keterbacaan menunjukkan bahwa: 104 data (77,04%) dikategorikan sebagai terjemahan yang terbaca dan 31 data (22,96%) dikategorikan sebagai terjemahan yang kurang terbaca.
