AN ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE PERSONALITY ON LEADING CHARACTER AS PORTRAYED IN DANIEL KEYES’S THE MINDS OF
BILLY MILLIGAN
A THESIS
BY
FATIH AMALIA NASUTION REG. NO. 100705105
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
AN ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE PERSONALITY ON LEADING CHARACTER AS PORTRAYED IN DANIEL KEYES’S THE MINDS OF
BILLY MILLIGAN
A THESIS
BY
FATIH AMALIA NASUTION REG. NO. 100705105
SUPERVISOR CO-SUPERVISOR
Dr. Martha Pardede, M.S. Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum.
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatra Utara Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from
Department of English
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatra Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.
Head, Secretary,
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatra Utara,Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatra Utara on Wednesday February 11, 2015
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatra Utara
Dr.H.Syahron Lubis, MA NIP.19511013 197603 1 001
Board of Examiners
Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS. ………..
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D. ………..
Dr. Martha Pardede, M.S. ………..
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, FATIH AMALIA NASUTION DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed :
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME : FATIH AMALIA NASUTION
TITLE OF THESIS : AN ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE PERSONALITY
ON LEADING CHARACTER AS POTRAYED
IN DANIEL KEYE’S THE MINDS OF BILLY
MILLIGAN
QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISRECTION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT
USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW
OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed :
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Bissmillahirrahmanirrahim,
First of all, I would like to thank and praise to the Almighty God, Allah SWT
who gives strength, health, and patience for me as finishing this thesis, entitled An
Analysis of Multiple Personality on Leading Character as Portrayed in Daniel Keyes’s The Minds of Billy Milligan. Thanks for blessing me in order to get a S1 Degree in English from Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara.
I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to the Dean of Faculty of
Cultural Studies, University of Sumatera Utara, Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A. Dr. H.
Muhizar Muchtar,M.S, as the Head of English Department, and Rahmadsyah
Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D, as the Secretary of English Department, for supporting my
academic study. I would also like to give thanks to all lectures in English Department
for giving me valuable knowledge, advices, times, and facilities during my academic
years. I would also like to express my special thanks to my supervisor Dr. Martha
Pardede, M.S. and Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum as co-supervisor for helping
me finishing this thesis.
My deepest gratitude is dedicated to my beloved family, to my parents, Ir. H.
Bachri Syamsul Nasution my beloved father, Dra. Hj. Christina Winarsih my
beloved mother who are always give me supports and love. I would also like to say
my dearest sister Annisa Rosa Nasution for the support and help me resolved the
problem of this thesis, honestly I can’t do it without you. Least but not last, thanks to
my lovely Brothers, Togar Rio Nasution and Bima Adiguna Nasution, you guys are
rock!
I also thank to all my friends in English literature especially class of 2010,
Yuni Erika, Annisa Musa, Nadia Marcelina, Uswatun Nisa, Balqis Astarini,
Khairunisa Aziz, Chaesa Ria, and Mak Kiki for the amazing school times, can’t
never forget how crazy we were, I love you all! To my best classmates, best friends,
Mentari, Ozafizah Landau, Depika Shaela, I don’t know how much I have to say
thanks to them, you guys are diamond. To my special friends, Febby Priscilla &
Romi Sandy, thank you so much. Also, to my beloved senior high best friends, Maya
Wulandari, Agung Nugraha, Yudo Utomo, Ahmad Suraya, Yati Sarfina, and Rana
Safira who are the best for me, and can’t never be replaced.
May God Almighty bless them all, Amin.
Medan, February 2015
ABSTRACT
In discussing a literary work, there are many elements that can be made as the object
of problems, one of them is psychology. The Minds of Billy Milligan is a literary
work that discusses the psychological element, is multiple personality. A novel by Daniel Keyes revealed the disorder in leading character, Billy Milligan. Billy suffers from multiple personality where there are several completely different person in one body. This condition is also known as dissociative identity disorder. This condition occurs due to childhood trauma. To understand more about multiple personalities experienced by Billy, it would be require a discussion of the character, which is one important element in understanding literature. This thesis analyzes the characteristics of which is found in multiple personality through psychological theories, and what impact of abuse is that happen to the victim. The conclusion of this thesis is to find out and to know about multiple personality that may happens to the people around us.
ABSTRAK
Dalam membahas sebuah karya sastra, terdapat banyak unsur yang dapat dijadikan
objek permasalahan, salah satunya adalah psikologi. The Minds of Billy Milligan
merupakan sebuah karya sastra yang membahas tentang unsur psikologi, yaitu kepribadian majemuk. Novel karya Daniel Keyes ini membuka tabir kekacauan yang terjadi pada tokoh utama yaitu, Billy Milligan. Billy mengalami kepribadian ganda dimana terdapat beberapa pribadi yang sepenuhnya berbeda dalam satu tubuh. Kondisi ini juga dikenal sebagai penyimpangan disosiasi identitas. Kondisi ini terjadi disebabkan adanya trauma semasa kecil. Untuk lebih memahami tentang kepribadian ganda yang dialami oleh Billy, maka diperlukan pembahasan tentang karakter yang merupakan salah satu unsur penting dalam memahami karya sastra. Skripsi ini menganalisis tentang karakteristik apa saja yang terdapat pada kepribadian majemuk melalui teori-teori psikologi, dan apa akibat dan/dari kekerasan yang terjadi pada si penderita. Kesimpulan dari tesis ini adalah untuk mengenal kepribadian majemuk pada seseorang, yang mungkin ada disekitar kita.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ……….. 1
1.1 Background of the Study ………..1
1.2 Problems of the Study ………...5
1.3 Objective of the Study ………...6
1.4 Scope of the Study ……….6
1.5 Significance of the Study ………...7
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE ……….8
2.1 Psychology and Literature ………8
2.2 Character ………...11
2.3 Child Abuse ………...14
2.4 Multiple Personality Disorder or DID ………16
2.4.1 The Characteristic of DID ……… 19
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ………...21
3.1 Research Design ……….21
3.2 Data Collecting ………...23
CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS AND FINDING ………..25
4.1 Multiple Personality Pictured in the Novel The Minds of Billy Milligan ………...25
4.1.1 Characteristics of Multiple Personality Disorders ………...25
4.1.2 Leading Character Has Two or More Distinct Personalities ……….25
4.1.3 Leading Character’s Personalities: Own Name, Gender, History, Behavior, and Social Relationship ……...30
4.1.4 Leading Character Experience a Form of Amnesia or Gaps of Time ………...36
4.2 The Cause of Multiple Personality Portrayed in the Novel The Minds of Billy Milligan ………...38
4.2.1 The Causes of Multiple Personality ………...39
4.2.1.1 Emotional Abuse ………..39
4.2.1.2 Verbal Abuse and Physical Abuse ………..41
4.2.1.3 Sexual Abuse ………44
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ………...48
5.1 Conclusion ………..48
REFERENCES ………50
APPENDICES ……….xiv
APPENDIX I: DANIEL KEYE’S BIOGRAPHY AND WORKS ………..xiv
APPENDIX II: SUMMARY OF THE MINDS OF BILLY MILLIGAN ………xvi