E-Business and. ATI - Antonius Rachmat C, S.Kom, M.Cs

(1)

E-Business and

E-Commerce Architecture

(2)

Tradisional vs Elektronik

• Sulit promosi & akses pasar

• Harus Face-to-face

• Bersifat Paperwork

• Biaya tinggi & Birokrasi

• Prosedur manual

• Akses pasar mudah

• Penilaian independent

• Negosiasi & penawaran standard

• Bersifat Paperless

• Prosedur manual

• Pasar kurang kompetitif

• Butuh pegawai banyak

• Butuh lokasi fisik

• Alur informasi transparan

• Anywhere-anytime

• Keamanan?

• Bisa bersifat “maya”

(3)

(4)

E-Business

E-Business merupakan kegiatan berbisnis di Internet yang

tidak saja meliputi pembelian, penjualan dan jasa, tapi juga meliputi pelayanan pelanggan dan kerja sama dengan rekan bisnis (baik individual maupun instansi).

E – Business meliputi E-Commerce E – Business meliputi E-Commerce

EC can also be conducted via: •Private networks,

•Local area networks (LANs)

(5)

E-Commerce

• Penggunaan media elektronik untuk melakukan

perniagaan / perdagangan

– Telepon, fax, ATM, handphone, SMS

– Banking: ATM phone banking, internet banking

• Secara khusus

– Penggunaan Internet untuk melakukan perniagaan

– Ada transaksi yang terjadi

• E-Commerce Perdagangan:

– Buy, sell, serving, transfer, exchange

• E-Commerce dimulai sejak 1970-an

(6)

EC model newcomers

• Blog: blogspot.com, wordpress.com

• Chemistry: match.com

• Photo sharing: flickr.com

• Video Broadcast: Youtube.com

• Community: Facebook, Friendster, Hi5

• Radio online: Petra, Swaragama, Yogyastreamers

• Online encyclopedia: Wikipedia.org

• E-learning: E-class, ratemyprofessor.com, collegerecruting.com, powerstudents.com

• Job market: jobsdb.com, karir.com

• Travel Service: expedia.com

• Iklan: Google AdSense & AdWord

(7)

(8)

E-Commerce Business Model

(9)

Google Universe Commerce

• Google Web Search Engine

• Google Mobile Apps (Android)

• Google Translate

• Google+, Blogger

• Google Chrome & Picasa

• Google Docs, QuickOffice

• Google Groups

• Google Scholar

• Google Earth & Google Maps

• Google Analytics, Adsense, Adwords

(10)

E-Commerce Software

• ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)

sistem informasi pendukung e-business, yg

menyediakan berbagai macam kebutuhan

perusahaan seperti supply chain, CRM, marketing,

warehouse, shipping, dan payment, serta mampu

melakukan otomatisasi proses bisnis

• CRM (Customer Relationship management)

sistem kustomisasi real time yang memanajemen

kustomer dan melakukan personalisasi produk dan

servis berdasarkan keinginan kustomer, dan menjaga

hubungan baik dengan kustomer

(11)

E-Business Software

• EAI (Enterprise Application Integration)

merupakan konsep integrasi berbagai

proses bisnis dengan memperbolehkan

mereka saling bertukar data berbasis

message.

• SCM (Supply Chain Management)

manajemen rantai supply secara otomatis

dan terkomputerisasi.

(12)

(13)

(14)

Customer service steps

• Requirement: mengetahui kebutuhan customer, bs

didapat dari catalog / CD

• Acquisition: membantu customer memilih produk,

termasuk order online, nego, dan delivery

• Ownership: support kepemilikan produk dari

customer, dgn forum, FAQ, renewal, mailing list

• Retirement: support ttg layanan purna jual, online

(15)

EAI system

integrating application

(contains the composition logic)

message broker, ex: CORBA, RMI

SmartQuotation DBMS

applications SmartForecasting XYZ

SmartQuotation adapter database adapter SmartForecasting adapter e-mail adapter XYZ adapter

(16)

(17)

(18)

Components of EC

• People: Sellers, buyers, intermediaries, information systems

specialists and other employees, and any other participants

• Public policy: Legal and other policy and regulating issues, such as

privacy protection and taxation

• Marketing and advertising: Like any other business, EC usually • Marketing and advertising: Like any other business, EC usually

requires the support of marketing and advertising

• Support services: Many services are needed to support EC. They

range from payments to order delivery and after sales services

• Business partnerships: Joint ventures, e-marketplaces, and

partnerships are some frequently occurring relationships in e-business

(19)

A framework for E-commerce

(20)

Kemampuan E-Commerce

• OTOMATISASI, proses otomatisasi yang menggantikan proses

manual.(“enerprise resource planning” concept)

• INTEGRASI, proses yang terintegrasi yang akan meningkatkan

efisiensi dan efektivitas proses. (“just in time” concept)

• PUBLIKASI, memberikan jasa promosi dan komunikasi atas produk

dan jasa yang dipasarkan secara elektronik. (“electronic cataloging” concept)

concept)

• INTERAKSI, pertukaran data atau informasi antar berbagai pihak

yang akan meminimalkan “human error” (“electronic data interchange/EDI” concept)

• TRANSAKSI, kesepakatan antara 2 pihak untuk melakukan transaksi

yang melibatkan institusi lainnya (pihak ketiga) sebagai pihak yang menangani pembayaran (“electronic payment” concept)

(21)

Jenis E-Commerce

• Business-to-Consumer (B2C) – Electronic storefronts/mall • Business-to-Business (B2B) – Google/Amazon • Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) – Eceran / Lelang – Eceran / Lelang • Business-to-Employee (B2E)

– Employee juga sebagai customer/supplier • E-Government

– Layanan online pemerintah • M-Commerce

(22)

Auctions and Bartering

The major mechanism for buying and selling on the Internet is the electronic catalog.

There are two common mechanisms used in its implementation: electronic auctions and bartering online

• Electronic Auctions (e-Auctions): A market mechanism by which sellers place offers and buyers make sequential bids

• Forward auctions are auctions where sellers place items at sites for auction and buyers bid continuously for the items.

• Reverse auctions, have one buyer, usually an organization, that wants to buy a product or a service. Suppliers are

(23)

Manfaat E-Commerce

• Jenis bisnis baru

–

Bisa menjual tanpa modal besar

• Market exposure, melebarkan jangkauan

• Memperpendek waktu product cycle

–

Tidak perlu banyak tangan

• Meningkatkan customer loyality

• Mengurangi biaya produksi dan promosi

(24)

Manfaat E-Commerce

• Mengurangi biaya komunikasi

• Hampir tidak terlihat perbedaan antara perusahaan

besar dan kecil

• Memudahkan konsumen memilih barang, 24 jam

nonstop

• Mempercepat dan mempermudah transaksi,

anywhere

(25)

Layanan E-Commerce Khas Indonesia

• Contoh layanan khas Indonesia

– Wartel & Warnet

– SMS

– Berganti-ganti handphone (lifestyle?)

– Games, kuis

• Peluang bisnis baru yang khas Indonesia

– SMS/Mobile-based applications

– nonton TV dengan chatting

– Games, kuis

– Sport (World Cup)

– Jual Buku online (bukabuku.com, bukukita.com)

(26)

Hambatan / Tantangan

• Infrastruktur telekomunikasi yang masih terbatas dan mahal

• Delivery channel

– Pengiriman barang masih ditakutkan hilang di jalan.

– Ketepatan waktu dalam pengiriman barang

– Jangkauan daerah pengiriman barang • Kultur dan Kepercayaan (trust)

• Security

• Munculnya jenis kejahatan baru

– Penggunaan kartu kredit curian / palsu

– Penipuan melalui SMS, kuis • Ketidakjelasan hukum

– Digital signature

– Uang digital / cybermoney

(27)

Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Kegagalan

E-Business

• Tidak ada komitmen yang utuh dari manajemen.

• Penerapan e-business tidak diikuti proses change management.

• Tidak profesionalnya vendor teknologi informasi yang menjadi mitra bisnis

• Buruknya infrastruktur komunikasi

• Tidak selarasnya strategi TI dengan strategi perusahaan.

• Adanya masalah keamanan dalam bertransaksi

• Kurangnya dukungan finansial

• Belum adanya peraturan yang mendukung dan melindungi pihak-pihak yang bertransaksi (cyberlaw),

• Menggunakan target jangka pendek sebagai pijakan investasi e-business.

(28)

Web Commerce Technologies

• Server hardware

• Database Server

• Server side programming language

• Web Commerce Framework:

–

Openchart

–

Zenchart

–

OsCommerce

–

Magneto

(29)

(30)

(31)

(32)

E-Commerce Framework Features

• Unlimited Categories • Unlimited Products • Unlimited Manufacturers • Multi Currency • Multi Language • Product Reviews • Product Reviews • Product Ratings • Open Source • Free Documentation • Templatable

• Automatic Image Resize

• 20+ Payment Gateways

(33)

Jenis E-Payment

(34)

(35)

Mobile Commerce: Overview

• Mobile commerce (m-Commerce,

m-Business)—any e-Commerce done in a

wireless environment, especially via the

Internet

–

Can be done via the Internet, private

communication lines, smart cards, etc.

–

Creates opportunity to deliver new services to

existing customers and to attract new ones

(36)

Contoh M-commerce

• Pengenalan suara melalui mobile phones untuk

pembelian musik

• Pembelian tiket melalui mobile phones

• SMS informasi dan iklan

• Ringtone, Games, dan aplikasi

• Pembayaran uang melalui bank

• Transfer dana melalui bank

• Informasi kurs dan saham

(37)

m-Commerce Terminology

• Generations

–

1G: 1979-1992 wireless technology

–

2G: current wireless technology; mainly

accommodates text

–

2.5G: interim technology accommodates graphics

–

3G: 3

rd

generation technology (2001-2005) supports

rich media (video clips)

(38)

Terminology and Standards

• GPS: Satellite-based Global Positioning System

• PDA: Personal Digital Assistant—handheld wireless

computer

• SMS: Short Message Service

• EMS: Enhanced Messaging Service

• MMS: Multimedia Messaging Service

• WAP: Wireless Application Protocol

• Smartphones—Internet-enabled cell phones with

attached applications

(39)

Tantangan m-commerce

• Security, protocol, standards

• Usability user interface

• Heterogeneous Technologies

–

Platform, programming language, databases, etc

–

Platform, programming language, databases, etc

(40)

Limitations of m-Commerce

• Usability Problem

–

small size of mobile devices (screens,

keyboards, etc)

–

limited storage capacity of devices

–

limited storage capacity of devices

–

hard to browse sites

• Technical Limitations

–

lack of a standardized security protocol

(41)

Limiting technological factors

Networks •Bandwidth •Interoperability •Cell Range Localisation •Upgrade of Network •Upgrade of Mobile Devices Mobile Middleware •Standards •Distribution Mobile Devices •Battery •Memory •CPU •Display Size •Roaming •Precision Security •Mobile Device •Network •Gateway