NIP : 19540220 198011 1 001
PREVALENSI FAKTOR RESIKO MAYOR PADA PASIEN SKA YANG DIRAWAT INAP DI RSUP H. ADAM MALIK MEDAN PERIODE
JANUARI 2013 HINGGA DESEMBER 2013
Abstrak
Sindroma Koroner Akut (SKA) adalah sebuah kondisi yang melibatkan ketidaknyamanan dada atau gejala lain yang disebabkan oleh kurangnya oksigen ke otot jantung (miokardium). SKA ini merupakan sekumpulan manifestasi atau gejala akibat gangguan pada arteri koronaria. SKA mencakup penyakit jantung koroner yang bervariasi mulai dari angina pektoris tidak stabil dan infark miokard tanpa elevasi segmen ST sampai infark miokard dengan elevasi segmen ST. Ketiga gangguan ini disebut sindroma koroner akut karena gejala awal serta manajemen awal sering serupa. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional dimana pada penelitian ini dilakukan observasi data untuk menggambarkan tentang prevalensi faktor resiko mayor pada pasien sindroma koroner akut yang dirawat di unit rawat kardiovaskular RSUP H.Adam Malik Medan berdasarkan data sekunder yakni rekam medik pasien. Faktor resiko mayor pada pasien sindroma koroner akut yang diobservasi adalah hipertensi, diabetes mellitus, hiperlipidemia dan merokok.
Populasi dalam penelitian adalah seluruh pasien dengan diagnosis sindroma koroner akut yang dirawat di unit rawat kardiovaskular RSUP H.Adam Malik Medan selama periode Januari 2013 sampai Desember 2013, dengan sampel sebesar 158 orang. Penelitian ini menunjukkan prevalensi faktor resiko mayor pada pasien STEMI sebesar 104 orang (65,8%), NSTEMI sebesar 32 orang (20,3%) dan APTS sebesar 22 orang (13,9%). Prevalensi faktor resiko mayor pada pasien STEMI, NSTEMI dan APTS adalah hipertensi, masing-masing sebesar 80 orang (50,6%), 29 orang (18,9%) dan 18 orang (11,4%).
Kata Kunci: SKA, STEMI, NSTEMI, APTS, Diabetes Mellitus, Hipertensi,
Hiperlipidemia, Merokok
PREVALENCE OF MAJOR RISK FACTORS IN PATIENT WITH ACUTE
CORONARY SYNDROME WHO WERE TREATED IN
CARDIOVASCULAR CARE UNITS IN HAJI ADAM MALIK HOSPITAL
IN MEDAN DURING PERIOD JANUARY 2013 TO DECEMBER 2013
Abstract
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a condition that involves chest discomfort or other symptoms caused by lack of oxygen to the heart muscles (myocardium). ACS is a set of manifestations or symptoms due to the disturbances in the coronary arteries. ACS includes coronary heart disease, ranging from unstable angina pectoris and myocardial infarction without ST-segment elevation up to myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation. All three of these disorders are called Acute Coronary Syndrome because the initial symptoms and initial management are often similar. This research is a descriptive study with a cross sectional design in which the study was conducted to describe the observation of data on the prevalence of major risk factors in patient with acute coronary syndrome who were treated in cardiovascular care units in Haji Adam Malik Hospital in Medan, based on the secondary data which is the patients’ medical record. The major risk factors in patients with acute coronary syndrome observed were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia and smoking.
The population in the study was all the patients with a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome who were treated in cardiovascular care units Haji Adam Malik Hospital in Medan during the period January 2013 to December 2013, with a sample of 158 patients. This study showed that the prevalence of major risk factors in patients with STEMI by 104 people (65.8%), NSTEMI by 32 people (20.3%) and UAP by 22 people (13.9%). The prevalence of major risk factors in patients with STEMI, NSTEMI and UAP is hypertension, respectively by 80 people (50.6%), 29 (18.9%) and 18 (11.4%).
Keywords: ACS, STEMI, NSTEMI, UAP, Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, Hyperlipidaemia, Smoking
