NIM. 8126111033 COVER
THE LINGUISTIC REALIZATION OF ILLOCUTIONARY
ACT OF TOBA BATAK CULTURAL VALUES IN TOBA
BATAK WEDDING CEREMONY
A THESIS
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program in Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for the Degree of Magister Humaniora
By:
ROIKESTINA SILABAN Registration Number: 8126111033
s
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY
PROGRAM POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
NIM. 8126111033 ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
Roikestina, S. Registration Number: 8126111033. The Lingusitic Realization of Illocutionary Act of Toba Batak Cultural Values in Toba Batak Wedding Ceremony A Thesis. English Applied Linguistics. Study Program; Postgraduate School. State University of Medan. 2015.
ABSTRAK
Roikestina, S. NIM: 8126111033, Realisasi Linguistik dari Tindak Tutur Ilokusi dari Nilai-Nilai Budaya Batak Toba dalam Pernikahan Batak Toba, Tesis Program Studi Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris, Pascasarjana, Universitas Negeri Medan, 2015.
NIM. 8126111033 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Thanks to God, the lord of the universe who has given me the opportunity to finish this thesis. Thank you so much my dear lord. It is also impossible to be finished without guidance, support and valuable knowledge from many people whose names cannot be mentioned one by one.
First, the writer would like to express her sincere gratitude to Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S her first adviser and Dr. Siti Aisyah Ginting, M.Pd her second adviser, for their valuable advice, guidance, constructive comments and previous time spent on supervising and commenting the process of writing until it come to its present form. Second her special gratitude goes to the head of English applied linguistics, Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd, who has generously encouraged her in completing this study, all lecturers, for her valuable knowledge and instruction they have implemented to her during the years studying and librarians of the state university of Medan for leading some useful books and other sources that are needed in writing this thesis.
Then, a very special debt of gratitude is directed to her beloved father Manuppan Silaban and beloved mother Sarli Malau together with her beloved Brothers, Jimson Silaban, Julianto Silaban, Jetro Silaban and her sisters Relawasdi Silaban
, Tirama Silaban and Adiwaty Silaban for their full love, support, care and prayers.
Finally, a special debt of gratitude is addressed to all her beloved best friend Veracy Silalahi, S.S, M.Hum, Novita C. Hutabarat, S.S, M.Hum, Mariana Siburian, S.S and Hazkia Manurung, S.Pd all her classmates LTBI A1, A2 for their close friendship and encouragement in finishing this thesis.
Last but not least, she must confess that she has done her most to accomplish this thesis but she realized it is still far from being perfect. Therefore, any constructive, criticisms, suggestions or comments will be highly appreciated.
Medan, 23 Juni 2015 The writer
2.3.3 Pride (Hasangapon)……….. 32
3.5.3 Conclusion: Drawing and Verifying ... 45
3.6 Trustworthiness of The Study ... 46
3.6.1 Credibility ... 46
3.6.2 Transferability... ... 47
3.6.3 Dependability... ... 47
3.6.4 Confirmability... 48
CHAPTER VI . DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 49 4.1 Data Analysis………. 49
4.2 The Linguistic Realizations of Illocutionary Acts in Toba Batak Wedding Ceremony ... 49
4.2.1 The Linguistic Realization of Illocutionary Act in J.Silaban/L.Tambunan Wedding Ceremony……….. 49
4.2.1.1 Expressive Speech Act…… ... 50
4.2.1.2 Declarative Speech Act ... 53
4.2.1.3 Representative Speech Act………. . 55
4.2.1.4 Directive Speech Act…... ... 56
4.2.1.5 Commisive Speech Act……….. 60
4.3 The Linguistic Realizations of Toba Batak
4.3.2 The Linguistic Realizations of Toba Batak Cultural Values in F.Silaban/R.Sianipar Wedding Ceremony……… 87
4.3.2.1 Descendant (Hagabeon)………. 88
4.3.2.2 Wealth (Hamoraon)……… 93
4.3.2.3 Pride (Hasangapon)……… 95
NIM. 8126111033 APPENDICES
LIST OF APPENDICES
Pages
Appendix 1. The Utterances of Illocutionary Act and Cultural
NIM. 8126111033 CHAPTER I
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1The Background of the Study
North Sumatera has six Batak sub-ethnics such as Toba, Simalungun,
Karo, Pakpak, Angkola and Mandailing. Every tribe has its own ceremonial
culture which is their wedding ceremony.
Wedding ceremony is an important thing in traditional ritual for Batak
people. Batak people conduct special traditional rituals for those who get married.
Based on Batak culture, Batak people practice namely: Mangaririt, Mangalehon
Tanda, Marhusip, Martumpol, Marhata Sinamot, Martonggo Raja, Paulak Une
and Maningkir Tangga as the introductory rituals before holding the traditional
wedding ceremony. These procedures are done due to the importance of marriage
for Batak people.
Since wedding ceremony is a major event, inviting the Hulahula, Boru,
Dongan Tubu and Dongan Sahuta as the witnesses of the prevailing custom is an
obligation. It is true that the application of Dalihan Na Tolu, i.e. Somba
Marhula-hula, Manat Mardongan Tubu, Elek Marboru and the actualization of the concept
of Batak’s life that once someone gets married, prevent them from getting a
divorce easily.
The real meaning of Dalihan Na Tolu estimology is three stones stove
which are used for cooking. The size of three miles stones is to support cooking
get the objectives. The metaphorical meaning of Dalihan Na Tolu is a triangle bon
between brothers, sisters, and brothers of the mothers Hula-hula as respected
person from the other elements, which are Boru and Dongan Tubu.
One important aspect of the wedding ceremony is Marhata. Marhata is the
realization of communication among the three elements. Based on Austin theory
(1962) the meaning of the utterances can be divided into three kinds, they are
locutionary acts, illocutionary acts and perlocutionary acts. For instance, could
you pass the salt? It is identified as locutionary act because this utterance
indicated as literal meaning, then the utterance above on illocutionary act means
“pass the salt, please” it is indicated as the hearer would assume whether the
addressee would able to pass the salt. As a perlocutionary act, the utterance above
is indicated to realize the speaker’s intention to ultimately get hold of the salt.
From the explanation can be realized if one utterance may have some
interpretation.
Different person has different expressions and actions to express
something. It occurred in wedding ceremony of the Batak Toba culture. For
instance, when the speakers or elements of Dalihan Na Tolu started to speech on
Marhata, some of the speaker are directly say “Mauliate ma hudok hami parjolo
tu Amanta Debata”( Firstly, we say thanks to the Almighty God). This utterance
shows that the speaker has lost their honors or manners as a cultural values to
hearer because some of them have not used greeting speech act on their speech.
Greeting speech act is honored words that used by Toba Batak society to greet
king, Hula-Hula (in-law-families), Dongan Tubu (ancestor of the clan), Boru
(daughter) and Dongan Sahuta (a hometown friends) in wedding ceremony event.
So, in wedding ceremony of the Toba Batak culture the speaker should greet the
participants by say “ Sattabi di hula-hula, Dongan Tubu, Boru dohot sudena na
adong di paradatan on”. It is clear that in Toba Batak culture upholds cultural
values because on given speech the speaker should be more respect for the people
who attended the wedding.
Based on the phenomenon of language use on wedding ceremony, it is
believed that the elements of Dalihan Na Tolu have different acts. Therefore, the
speakers on wedding ceremony must know which one is exactly to say firstly.
These ceremonies, like other ceremonies in Toba Batak Culture, are the
realization of Batak cultural values. Toba Batak is famous for their life culture. It
is believe that the life culture governs the behavior of the owner of the culture and
this also happens in Batak people life. Many officials and successful men in
Indonesian actualize this life culture. The cultural values of Toba Batak consists
of three parts which are usually abbreviated with 3H which stands for: Descendant
(Hagabeon), Wealth (Hamoraon), and Pride (Hasangapon) Ihromi (1990:207). It
is found that wherever Batak people go and whatever they do; they keep
practicing these Hagabeon, Hamoraon, Hasangapon (3H) in their life. In addition
there is one thing that makes Batak people different from other tribes, that is they
have statement. Statement is commonly used by Batak people when they perform
traditional ceremonies such as wedding ceremony.
It is interesting to study the linguistic realizations of Toba Batak cultural
values as the communication between the three elements of Batak culture in Toba
Batak wedding ceremony. The focus of the study will be on the illocutionary acts
used by each element in to show how they put themselves and others in the
relation through the illocutionary acts they perform.
Research conducted by Tomson (2008) is one of the studies relating to
speech acts. He conducted the study of “Tindak Tutur Dalam Upacara
Pernikahan Batak Toba”. He used documentary technique for collecting the data.
The data is taken from the speech utterances spoken by speaker intend the fact, so
on doing communication the speaker always produces an act. The result of the
research shows he found 13 kinds of speech acts. From those kinds of speech acts
the dominant speech acts is asking which is used by Hula-Hula and Dongan
Sabutuha. While answering and explaining are dominant to Boru. The strength of
this thesis is the writer explains all the types of speech act clearly not only that but
also the writer explains all the utterances of Toba Batak Wedding Ceremony. But
the weakness founded in this thesis is the writer did not put any journal in his
thesis and also did not classify the type speech act. Based on the research the
researcher would like to develop the speech act with a more specific analysis of
the realization of illocutionary act that represent in Cultural Values of Toba Batak
Wedding Ceremony.
1.2The Problems of the Study
Based on the background of the study, the problems that are formulated as
the following:
1. What are the linguistic realizations of illocutionary acts in the Toba Batak
Wedding Ceremony?
2. What are the linguistic realizations of Toba Batak cultural values wedding
ceremony?
3. Why are the linguistic realizations of illocutionary acts represented as the ways
they are?
1.3The Objectives of the Study
Based on the problem, the objectives of the study are to
1) describe the linguistic realizations of illocutionary acts in the Toba Batak
Wedding Ceremony.
2) describe the linguistic realizations of Toba Batak cultural values wedding
ceremony.
3) explain the reasons why the linguistic realizations of illocutionary acts are
represented the ways they are.
1.4 The Scopes of the Study
Referring to the problems of the research, this study covers of the
linguistic realization of illocutionary act of Toba Batak cultural values in Toba
Batak wedding ceremony used by Toba Batak speakers who live in Sidikalang
areas and involved in Toba Batak wedding ceremony that starting from tudu-tudu
sipanganon (distributing the special meat) event until maningkir tangga (visiting
of the bride’s family to the newlywed’s house) event.
1.5 The Significances of the Study
Findings of this study were expected to give contribution theoretically and
practically.
(1) Theoretically, the research finding were expected to enrich the theories of
linguistic speech acts, specifically the spoken medium by certain community,
mainly the Toba Batak culture especially the elements of Dalihan Na Tolu.
(2) Practically, the findings is useful to identify and understand speech acts for
social interaction, which have the same characteristic with the Toba Batak
culture in expressing statement, question, apologizing and so on. The
researcher hopes that it is useful for teachers and lecturers of sociolinguistics
to apply the speech acts.
NIM. 8126111033 CHAPTER V
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusions
The study focused on the linguistic realization of illocutionary act of Toba
Batak cultural values in Toba Batak wedding ceremony used by participant of Dalihan Na Tolu. Based on the analysis, the conclusions are stated as the following:
1. The linguistic realizations of illocutionary act used in Toba Batak wedding ceremony delivered by participant of Dalihan Na Tolu starts from tudu-tudu ni sipanganon event and ends with maningkir tangga event used four of five types of illocutionary acts they are,
representative, directive, expressive, declarative, and commisive.
2. The linguistic realizations of Toba Batak cultural values wedding ceremony starts from tudu-tudu ni sipanganon event and ends with
maningkir tangga event used three types of cultural values, they are,
Descendant (Hagabeon), Wealth (Hamoraon), and Pride
(Hasangapon).
3. The data showed that the linguistic realizations of Toba Batak cultural values wedding ceremony are dominantly represented by using
declarative speech act with blessing speech act. Because Toba Batak culture emphasis on sharing value. Bataknese identity is constructed
“Hasangapon” which are always shared on every cultural rites and ceremony such as wedding. Declarative is used to communicatively
engaged in culture practice in Toba Batak wedding ceremony particularly Hulahula (bride side) more emphasis sentences containing expecting to get happiness through born sons and daughters, successes,
a lot of wealth and longevity in the future.
5.2 Suggestions
It is suggested to those who are very much interested in Toba Batak culture to study more about the speech act during the special ceremony performed.
Some special suggestions are presented as follows:
1. The lecturers who play an important role in teaching sociolinguistics
should give more attention, not only for foreign and Indonesian cultures
but also to the vernacular, especially Toba Batak culture, the lecturers can compare Toba Batak culture with other regional cultures.
2. To the other researchers to conduct a much more detailed research on
speech act in Toba Batak wedding ceremony from different point of view, so more information about Toba Batak cultures.
3. To speaker, both of the bridegroom’s side and bride’s side should be able
to uttered speeches in showing a symbol of honor and appreciation to the
participants of Dalihan Na Tolu.
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