CHAPTER IV
RESULT OF STUDY AND DISCUSSION
A. Result of Study
The writer took the VIII grade students of MTs Miftahul Jannah Palangka Raya as the population where the place at Wisata I street. The writer elected VIIIB grade students of MTs Miftahul Jannah Palangka Raya as the sample of the test. The translation test was done in 30th September. Then, the multiple choice test was done in 5th October 2013. Then, the writer gave the questioner in 9th October 2013. The number of VIIIB grade students of MTs Miftahul Jannah Palangka Raya were 22 students.
In the translation test, the writer took the students’ writing that consist of
answer sheets of VIIIB grade students of MTs Miftahul Jannah Palangka Raya. Based on the students’ answer sheets, the writer found and indentified some interferences of students’ writing. There were 9 of 22 students’ answer sheets had
interferences in their writing. Meanwhile, there were 13 of 22 students’ answer
sheets were not interferences. In the translation test in using indefinite and definite articles in descriptive text, the writer had done coding and tabulating from answer sheets of VIIIB grade students of MTs Miftahul Jannah Palangka Raya.
Here, there were 9 students’ answer sheets of VIIIB grade students of MTs
Table 4.1
The description of the students’ interference in using indefinite and definite
articles in descriptive text.
No. Code Sample of Interference
Explanation Revise
1 XEA Somebody friend This phrase was made because of interference containing phenomena of divergence
A friend
Somebody friend fine This phrase was made because of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair
A good friend
Tail cat This phrase was made because of interference containing phenomena of divergence
A cat
2 WFK Garden that This phrase was made because of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair
The garden
3 RDS Garden that This phrase was made because of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair
The garden
of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair
5 CPX Somebody friend This phrase was made because of interference containing phenomena of divergence
A friend
Somebody friend fine This phrase was made because of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair
A good friend
Tail cat This phrase was made because of interference containing phenomena of divergence
A cat
6 NGL Somebody friend fine This phrase was made because of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair
A good friend
Tail cat This phrase was made because of interference containing phenomena of divergence
A cat
7 ZTS Somebody friend This phrase was made because of interference containing phenomena of divergence
Somebody friend fine This phrase was made because of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair
A good friend
Tail cat This phrase was made because of interference containing phenomena of divergence
A cat
8 YGT Somebody friend This phrase was made because of interference containing phenomena of divergence
A friend
Somebody friend good
This phrase was made because of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair
A good friend
9 OJK Garden that This phrase was made because of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair
The garden
somebody friend; somebody friend fine; tail cat. YGT wrote somebody friend; somebody friend good. OJK wrote garden that.
Here, there some explanations in students’ answer sheets had interferences as presented in the following table:
Table 4.2
List of XEA’s interference
Code Sample of Interference Explanation Revise XEA Somebody friend This phrase was made because
of interference containing phenomena of divergence
A friend
Somebody friend fine This phrase was made because of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair
A good friend
Tail cat This phrase was made because of interference containing phenomena of divergence
A cat
The table above showed that XEA wrote somebody friend. It is caused by interference that containing phenomena of divergence which said one case in L1 becomes two cases in L2. Word “somebody” has the meaning “seseorang” in
Indonesian. Indefinite “a” has the meaning “seseorang” in Indonesian. Word
somebody friend fine. It is caused by interference that containing phenomena of divergence and unfair which said one case in L1 becomes two cases in L2, also said case or system in L1 is nothing in L2. Phrase “somebody friend fine” is noun phrase
in Indonesian syntax. Meanwhile, phrase “a good friend” is noun phrase in English
syntax. XEA also wrote tail cat. It is caused by interference that containing phenomena of divergence which said one case in L1 becomes two cases in L2. Word “tail” has the meaning “ekor” in Indonesian. Indefinite “a” has the meaning “seekor”
in Indonesian. Word “tail” is noun phrase. Meanwhile, indefinite “a” is determiner.
Table 4.3
List of WFK’s interference
Code Sample of Interference Explanation Revise WFK Garden that This phrase was made because
of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair
The garden
The table above showed that WFK wrote garden that. It is caused by interference that containing phenomena of divergence and unfair which said one case in L1 becomes two cases in L2, also said case or system in L1 is nothing in L2. Word “that” is determiner that has meaning itu in Indonesian. Meanwhile, word definite
in Indonesian it is not there. phrase “garden that” is noun phrase in Indonesian syntax. Meanwhile, phrase “the garden” is noun phrase in English syntax.
Table 4.4
List of RDS’s interference
Code Sample of Interference Explanation Revise RDS Garden that This phrase was made because
of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair
The garden
The table above showed that RDS wrote garden that. It is caused by interference that containing phenomena of divergence and unfair which said one case in L1 becomes two cases in L2, also said case or system in L1 is nothing in L2. Word “that” is determiner that has meaning itu in Indonesian. Meanwhile, word definite “the” is determiner that has meaning –nya, itu, tersebut, tadi in Indonesian. In English, definite “the” is used after noun that has been mentioned before. Meanwhile,
in Indonesian it is not there. phrase “garden that” is noun phrase in Indonesian syntax. Meanwhile, phrase “the garden” is noun phrase in English syntax.
Table 4.5
List of DUF’s interference
Code Sample of Interference Explanation Revise DUF Garden that This phrase was made because
of interference containing
phenomena of divergence and unfair
The table above showed that DUF wrote garden that. It is caused by interference that containing phenomena of divergence and unfair which said one case in L1 becomes two cases in L2, also said case or system in L1 is nothing in L2. Word “that” is determiner that has meaning itu in Indonesian. Meanwhile, word definite
“the” is determiner that has meaning –nya, itu, tersebut, tadi in Indonesian. In
English, definite “the” is used after noun that has been mentioned before. Meanwhile, in Indonesian it is not there. Phrase “garden that” is noun phrase in Indonesian syntax. Meanwhile, phrase “the garden” is noun phrase in English syntax.
Table 4.6
List of CPX’s interference
Code Sample of Interference Explanation Revise CPX Somebody friend This phrase was made because
of interference containing phenomena of divergence
A friend
Somebody friend fine This phrase was made because of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair
A good friend
Tail cat This phrase was made because of interference containing
phenomena of divergence
The table above showed that CPX wrote somebody friend. It is caused by interference that containing phenomena of divergence which said one case in L1 becomes two cases in L2. Word “somebody” has the meaning “seseorang” in
Indonesian. Indefinite “a” has the meaning “seseorang” in Indonesian. Word
“somebody” is noun phrase. Meanwhile, indefinite “a” is determiner. CPX also wrote
somebody friend fine. It is caused by interference that containing phenomena of divergence and unfair which said one case in L1 becomes two cases in L2, also said case or system in L1 is nothing in L2. Phrase “somebody friend fine” is noun phrase in Indonesian syntax. Meanwhile, phrase “a good friend” is noun phrase in English
syntax. CPX also wrote tail cat. It is caused by interference that containing phenomena of divergence which said one case in L1 becomes two cases in L2. Word “tail” has the meaning “ekor” in Indonesian. Indefinite “a” has the meaning “seekor”
in Indonesian. Word “tail” is noun phrase. Meanwhile, indefinite “a” is determiner.
Table 4.7
List of NGL’s interference
Code Sample of Interference Explanation Revise NGL Somebody friend fine This phrase was made because
of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair
Tail cat This phrase was made because of interference containing phenomena of divergence
A cat
The table above showed that NGL wrote somebody friend fine. It is caused by interference that containing phenomena of divergence and unfair which said one case in L1 becomes two cases in L2, also said case or system in L1 is nothing in L2. Word “somebody” has the meaning “seseorang” in Indonesian. Indefinite “a” has the
meaning “seseorang” in Indonesian. Word “somebody” is noun phrase. Meanwhile,
indefinite “a” is determiner. NGL also wrote somebody friend fine. It is caused by
interference that containing phenomena of divergence and unfair which said one case in L1 becomes two cases in L2, also said case or system in L1 is nothing in L2. Phrase “somebody friend fine” is noun phrase in Indonesian syntax. Meanwhile,
phrase “a good friend” is noun phrase in English syntax. NGL also wrote tail cat. It is
caused by interference that contained phenomena of divergence which said one case in L1 becomes two cases in L2. Word “tail” has the meaning “ekor” in Indonesian.
Indefinite “a” has the meaning “seekor” in Indonesian. Word “tail” is noun phrase. Meanwhile, indefinite “a” is determiner.
Table 4.8
List of ZTS’s interference
of interference containing phenomena of divergence Somebody friend fine This phrase was made because
of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair
A good friend
Tail cat This phrase was made because of interference containing phenomena of divergence
A cat
The table above showed that ZTS wrote somebody friend. It is caused by interference that containing phenomena of divergence which said one case in L1 becomes two cases in L2. Word “somebody” has the meaning “seseorang” in
Indonesian. Indefinite “a” has the meaning “seseorang” in Indonesian. Word
“somebody” is noun phrase. Meanwhile, indefinite “a” is determiner. ZTS also wrote
somebody friend fine. It is caused by interference that containing phenomena of divergence and unfair which said one case in L1 becomes two cases in L2, also said case or system in L1 is nothing in L2. Phrase “somebody friend fine” is noun phrase in Indonesian syntax. Meanwhile, phrase “a good friend” is noun phrase in English
“tail” has the meaning “ekor” in Indonesian. Indefinite “a” has the meaning “seekor”
in Indonesian. Word “tail” is noun phrase. Meanwhile, indefinite “a” is determiner.
Table 4.9
List of YGT’s interference
Code Sample of Interference Explanation Revise YGT Somebody friend This phrase was made because
of interference containing phenomena of divergence
A friend
Somebody friend good This phrase was made because of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair
A good friend
The table above showed that YGT wrote somebody friend. It is caused by interference that containing phenomena of divergence which said one case in L1 becomes two cases in L2. Word “somebody” has the meaning “seseorang” in
Indonesian. Indefinite “a” has the meaning “seseorang” in Indonesian. Word
“somebody” is noun phrase. Meanwhile, indefinite “a” is determiner. YGT also wrote
somebody friend good. It is caused by interference that containing phenomena of divergence and unfair which said one case in L1 becomes two cases in L2, also said case or system in L1 is nothing in L2. phrase “somebody friend good” is noun phrase
Table 4.10
List of OJK’s interference
OJK Garden that This phrase was made because of interference containing phenomena of divergence and unfair
The garden
The table above showed that OJK wrote garden that. It is caused by interference that containing phenomena of divergence and unfair which said one case in L1 becomes two cases in L2, also said case or system in L1 is nothing in L2. Word “that” is determiner that has meaning itu in Indonesian. Meanwhile, word definite “the” is determiner that has meaning –nya, itu, tersebut, tadi in Indonesian. In English, definite “the” is used after noun that has been mentioned before. Meanwhile,
in Indonesian it is not there. phrase “garden that” is noun phrase in Indonesian syntax. Meanwhile, phrase “the garden” is noun phrase in English syntax.
From the table above showed that there were 17 translations answer of 9 students’ writing in translation test had interference containing phenomena of
Table 4.11
The description of phrases in using indefinite and definite articles in descriptive text
No. Phrase Interference Frequency Phenomena of
divergence
Unfair
1. Somebody friend √ - 4
2. Tail cat √ - 4
3. Garden that √ √ 4
4. Somebody friend fine √ √ 4 5. Somebody friend good √ √ 1 17
Based on 17 translation answers of 9 students answer sheets, there were 8 phrases containing phenomena of divergence, and there was 0 phrase were unfair. Furthermore, it is equal with 8 phrases were phenomena of divergence, 0 phrase was unfair, and 9 phrases were both phenomena of divergence and unfair as presented below:
Table 4.12
The description phenomena of divergence and unfair in using indefinite and definite articles in descriptive text
No. Interference Frequency Percentage 1. Phenomena of divergence 8 47.06%
2. Unfair 0 0%
3. Both Phenomena of divergence and unfair 9 52.94%
In order to be clear, the description phenomena of divergence and unfair in interferences of students could be seen in the following figure:
Figure 4.1
The description phenomena of divergence and unfair in using indefinite and definite articles in descriptive text
Beside the translation test, the test was multiple choice test. Based on the test and questioner taken from the students that they answered for to investigate their ability, there were most of the students or 16 (72.73%) had ability test in using indefinite and definite articles. Otherwise, there some few students or 6 0.00%
10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00%
Phenomena of divergence
Unfair Both Phenomena of
(27.28%) had failure in using indefinite and definite articles. Here there were result of the test of students as presented below:
Table 4.13
Here, there were also the result of questionnaire answers by the students after the test had been done as presented in the following table:
Table 4.14
The result of questionnaire by the students in using indefinite and definite articles in descriptive text
No. Question Percentage
Yes No
1. The difficulties in comprehending indefinite and definite articles
27.27% 72.73%
2. Distinguishing between indefinite and definite articles
72.73% 27.27%
3. Determining indefinite article 72.73% 27.27% 4. Determining definite article 72.73% 27.27% 5. Applying indefinite article 72.73% 27.27% 6. Applying definite article 72.73% 27.27% 7. Special way in comprehending
indefinite and definite articles
72.73% 27.27%
8. Indefinite “an” is used front of vowel 72.73% 27.27%
9. Indefinite “an” is used front of
consonant
27.27% 72.73%
10. Indefinite “a” is used front of vowel 27.27% 72.73%
like as consonant
16. Definite “the” is used front of one context
72.73% 27.27%
17. Definite “the” is used front of noun that understood both reader and writer
72.73% 27.27%
18. Definite “the” is used front of noun that has been mentioned before
72.73% 27.27%
B. Discussion
Based on result of the study above, the first language of the students was Indonesian language. Meanwhile, English is used as the second or foreign language. Second language acquisition is related with using indefinite and definite articles in descriptive text. The difficulties of learning language is caused by the differences of first language and second language. And more bigger differences between first language and second language is more difficult in learning. It is in line with the theory in chapter 2 page 12. The use of articles in Indonesian is not same with English, it has similarities and differences. Based on the data finding, there had been found the similarities and differences between English and Indonesian in using indefinite and definite articles in descriptive text exposed in the students’ writing. There are two types between the similarities and
differences. They are translation and structure. It is in line with the theory in chapter 2 page 13. These types are influenced by the students’ first language or
of noun phrase were garden that (kebun itu), somebody friend fine (seorang teman yang baik), somebody friend good (seorang teman yang baik). The students’ first
