Writing for MONOGRAPH Faculty of Science (FMIPA), Semarang

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Writing for MONOGRAPH

Faculty of Science (FMIPA),

Semarang

Professor Fahrul Huyop UTM

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Monograph

A specialised subject, highly detailed and thoroughly documented study.

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• Research paper: is written to record a particular topic in an academic area of arts/sciences/social sciences. It is detailed and follow a strict format of referencing,

books/papers/or other reliable sources.

• _Journal_{is a collection of academic research papers,}

based on a theme and published by

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A BOOK

• detailed materials with many pages (100pages or

more) on a particular subject. They can be a collection of papers written by one author or several authors.

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PREFACE

• is an introduction to a Monograph,

• _{A preface is a section that includes explanatory remarks}

i.e why the monograph was written and who are the target.

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Copyright and Trademarks

• Authors are the owner of this Monograph

• _{No part of this Monograph may be reproduced, or}

transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,

mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise without the permission in writing of the Authors & publisher.

• _{Copying of content is not permitted except for personal and}

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IDENTIFY, RESEARCH AND

COLLECT IDEA

Pre-liminary step for before writing:

•

go through a complete process of your Journal

subject.

•

read published work

in the same feld.

•

googgling on the topic of your research work.

•

attend conferences/workshops/symposiums on

the same felds .

•

Understand the scientifc terms and jargon

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WRITE DOWN YOUR STUDIES AND FINDINGS

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A. Bits and Pieces together

• Combine all your researched information in form of a journal or research paper.

• You can take the reference of already accomplished work as a starting building block.

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B. Use of Simulation software

• get the simulated results figures & tables (the easiest process of paper writing).

• Many software available. i.e Bioinformatics software like Autodock/modeler (if you do modelling).

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Appendices

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Glossary

• _{A list of terms in a special subject or}

feld with proper defnitions.

• _{Incorporated at the back of a}

monograph, explaining or defning difcult/unusual words.

A

- Acidophile: organisms are those that thrive

under highly acidic conditions (usually at pH 2.0 or below).

B

- Bacteria: small organism cannot be seen by naked eye.

H

- Halogenated compound: chemicals with

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Index

• an alphabetical list of names/subjects, etc., with references to the places where they occur, typically found at the end of a monograph

• Scientifc Research 3, 13

• Atom 4, 47, 123

• Newton4

• Photon 5, 43

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Steps to Develop a Monograph

Step 1: Select a topic.

Step 2: Secure approval (modifcation, if necessary) of the topic.

Step 3: Select members of the Monograph Support Group (Omit).

Step 4: Develop the Monograph Proposal.

Step 5: Secure approval (modifcation, if necessary) of the proposal.

Step 6: Conduct research/collect information. Step 7: Write/edit the monograph.

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Step 1: Select a Topic

•Candidates will choose the topics for their monograph.

•Academic Committee will evaluate a topic by considering:

Feasibility; Originality;

Usefulness; and

Interest and relevance.

In considering their topics, candidates should:

•Evaluate several possible topics of special interest .

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Tips choosing topics

• Consider the general interest of the target area

• Pick a manageable topic. i.e your own research area.

• Do not choose a topic that is either overly broad (which will make it impossible to adequately address) or too narrow (so that no one else will care about the results).

• Too broad: for example, “Plants with Traditional-Medicinal

Properties in Indonesia”. There are (probably) hundreds of it.

• Too narrow: only focus on “Anti-Infammatory agent in Zingiber officinafile”.

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Topics To Avoid

• Do not choose a topic about which your conclusions will be irrelevant — and no one will care!

• _{Do not choose a topic if the literature already provides}

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Suggestions for Obtaining Ideas

• Consider problems that are often difcult to solve in which you have provided a unique solution.

• _{Think about issues that other scientists cite as}

problems.

• _{Keep an idea in a notebook.} • _{Read existing monographs.}

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Step Two:

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Step Three:

• Select Members of the Monograph Support Group

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Step Four:

• Develop the Monograph Proposal

• After approval (modification, if necessary) of the

monograph topic, prepare a proposal including an outline/a draft.

• Sample monograph proposal in next slide :

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Questions/issues to address

• _{Is the problem clear? Is the investigation able to be answered?}

• _{Have you positioned your problem within the context of}

previous studies?

• _{Is your proposed method of investigation suitable for fnding}

an answer to your problem?

• Is the topic within your range of competence?

• _{Is the way you will address your problem logical?}

• _{The outline discussed above, should contain a brief}_literature

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Step Five:

• Secure Approval (from the Faculty Academic Committee) of the proposed monograph after corrections are made.

• _{Before you continue developing your monograph, you}

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Step Six: Conduct Research/Collect Information

• seeking ideas/material developed by others and putting

these together in new ways or discovering something new that has never been known.

• research method requires you to interpret in a way that will enable conclusions to be drawn.

• Organized and analyzed data critically

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In the process you will likely discover three

types of evidence

• _{Facts –}_{Pieces of information that can be objectively}

observed and measured.

• _Inferences_{– Statements about the unknown made on the}

basis of what is known.

• _J_udgments_{– Expressions of someone’s approval or}

disapproval of something being described, generally (hopefully!) based on some evidence.

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Step Seven: Write/Edit the

Monograph

Common organizational format are as follows:

Acknowledgements

• _{This section should include those individuals that assisted you with}

your monograph.

Executive Summary

• _{This abstract of your monograph briefy (less than one page)}

summarizes your project goal(s), methodology and major fndings (recommendations). If it is well written and relevant to the reader’s needs, the Executive Summary will encourage the reader to read the monograph itself.

Statement of the Problem

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Step Seven: Write/Edit the

Monograph

Literature Review

• _{Must present the relationship between your current study}

and previous work done on the topic. It should provide a

logical fow of information from that known previously to the beginning of your own research.

• At the of this section, the reader should be thinking, “Of course, the need for this monograph is clear, and it is important ”

• _{You will know you have done enough study for the literature}

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Step Seven: Write/Edit the

Monograph

Internet literature review by conducting electronic searches:

• _{Using the World Wide Web;}

• _{Using other Internet resources;} • Using library catalogs; and

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Step Seven: Write/Edit the

Monograph

Statement methods

• _{In this section you should describe the steps you used}

to conduct your research

• _{The Subjects – you are studying}

• The Instruments or Measures – How and what you used ?

• _{The Procedures – How you conduct your study.}

• _{Also, to explain what you did not try to do or you may}

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Step Seven: Write/Edit the

Monograph

Results/Discussion/Implications

• Must clearly presents your fndings.

• _{You may include tables/fgures as supporting evidence.}

• In your Discussion/Implications section, you should

review your fndings with respect to previous studies. You should also suggest implications of the research,

limitations. #

• _{This is the area where you make recommendations about}

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Step Seven: Write/Edit the

Monograph

References

• _{Should include citations to which you refer throughout}

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Step Seven: Write/Edit the

Monograph

Appendices

• _{This section should include supportive information that}

is detailed and helpful to understanding the project, but that might interrupt the fow of information if it were

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Step Eight: Submission

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Title: Novel Solid–phase Microextraction Fiber Coating for the Forensic Detection of Accelerants in Arson Samples

Authors: Umi Kalthom Ahmad- Penerbit UTM PRESS (2008) 99 pages only

•CONTENTS •Abstract •Abstrak •Contents •Tables •Figures

•Symbols/ Abbreviations/ Notational/ Terminology

•Appendices

•CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION •Background

•Problem Statements and the Needs of Study

•Objectives and Scope of Study

•CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE SURVEY

•Arson Crime Scene Investigation

•Arson Samples and Burn Patterns

•Analysis of Fire–Scene Samples

•Court Presentation and Arson Evidence

•Nature of Accelerants

•The Evolution of Accelerant Extraction Technique

•Solid-phase Microextraction (SPME)

•Principles of SPME

•Extraction Modes with Coated SPME Fibers

•Recovery of Accelerants by Headspace– SPME (HS–SPME) Technique

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Novel Solid–phase Microextraction Fiber Coating for the Forensic Detection of Accelerants in Arson Samples

Authors: Umi Kalthom Ahmad- Penerbit UTM PRESS (2008). 99 pages only

•CHAPTER 3 EXPERIMENTAL

•Introduction

•Chemicals and Materials

•Apparatus

•Instrumentation

•Preparation of the Sol–gel Derived C8–coated Fiber

•Preparation of Standard Stock Solution

•Procedure for Extractions using Headspace SPME (HS– SPME)

•Preparation of Spiked Fire Debris Sample

•General Procedures for

Characterization of the C8– coated Fiber

• CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

• _Introduction

• _{Characterization of the C8–coated Fiber} • Selectivity for Standard Hydrocarbons

• _{Extraction Capability for Standard}

Hydrocarbons

• _{Lifetime of the Coating} • Thermal Stability

• _{Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Analysis} • _{Surface Characteristics of the Coating}

• Estimation and Reproducibility of the Film Thickness

• Determination of Extracting Phase Volume

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Title: Novel Solid–phase Microextraction Fiber Coating for the Forensic Detection of Accelerants in Arson Samples

Authors: Umi Kalthom Ahmad- Penerbit UTM PRESS (2008). 99 pages only

• CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE

DIRECTIONS • _Conclusions

• _{Future Directions}

• _{ACKNOWLEDGEMENT}

• _REFERENCES

• _APPENDICES

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