R E P O R T
THE
INTERNATIONAL
JOINT
SEMINAR
& VISIT TO CLEAN AUTHORITY OF
TOKYO (SHIN-KOTO INCINERATION
PLANT)
TOKYO
METROPOLITAN
GOVERNMENT
Held by :
Tokyo, Japan 15-19 May
2017
1
MARKETING ANALYSIS REPORT
Description
We visited several shopping places in Jepang, like Nakamise Street, Ameyoko, Ginza, Aqua City, Harajuku, Akihabara, and Shisui Premium Outlet. These places have their own characteristics and sell different types of goods. We also visited Tsukiji Fish Market which known as the biggest fish market in the world. The brief
description of each place as follows :
Nakamise Street
Nakamise Street is located in one area with Sensoji Asakusa Kannon Temple. There are over 80 stores that sell various souvenirs. We can find many unique items like key chains, folding fans, cups, bags, umbrellas, Japan’s t-shirt, chopsticks, mini chochin (lantern), and others. Nakamise Street also known as place that sells Japan traditional cake, like senbei, konpeito, ningyoyaki and many more. All goods sold at affordable prices.
Ameyoko
Ameyoko is located in Ueno. There are many stores in Ameyoko that sell Japan’s souvenir and daily necessities like clothes, shoes, children toys and many more. We also can find Japan street foods and restaurants.
Ginza
2
Aqua City Mall
Aqua City Mall is located in Odaiba, a large artificial island in Tokyo Bay, Japan. Odaiba developed into one of Tokyo's commercial business central in shopping, dining and leisure options. Aqua City is small part of Odaiba, a shopping mall featuring various stores, boutiques, restaurants, stationery, toiletries, toys and many more.
Harajuku
Harajuku is not only known as the center of Japan's teenage cultures and fashion styles, but also offers shopping for adults and some historic sights. The main point of Harajuku's teenage culture is Takeshita Dori (Takeshita Street), a narrow roughly 400 meter long street which are lined by many trendy shops, fashion boutiques, used clothes stores, crepe stands and fast food outlets .
3
Shisui Premium Outlet
Shisui Premium Outlet is very close to Narita International Airport. The mall has more than 100 shops and features both Japanese and international brands representing the best in fashion, family and home. largest fish markets. The attractive thing in Tsukiji Fish Market is tuna auction in early morning at around 4:00 a.m or even earlier. Tsukiji Fish Market consists of inner market where most of the wholesale business and
PESTLE (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, Environmental) Analysis
Political
There are interest groups in Japan, a group of large Japanese companies or Big Business groups. There are four particularly important business associations, namely Keidanren (Federation of Economic Organizations), Nisho (Japan Chamber of Commerce and Industry), Keizai Doyukai (Japan Committee for Economic Development), and Nikkeiren (Federation of Employers Organization). In addition there is also a private company organization namely Keiretsuka (a kind of company that has subsidiaries of component makers), such as Mitsui group or Mitshubishi group. Such organizations / associations may be incorporated as associate interests, which have an influence in Japanese policy-making in business and industry. Because of the political situation and condition in Japan, the interset group can turn into a pressure group, a group that can impose its will on the authorities. So that the Big Bussines group can be called a pressure group (although probably not originally intended to be a pressure group), because the group (political infra structure) in the implementation of the political system can influence the political structure (especially the government / executive / cabinet) in the taking decision or policy-making.
Economic
4 words, Japanese companies are owned by the public nationally (national ownership). This situation makes
businessmen in Japan do not have to worry about bottom line, in contrast to American companies that are very worried about bottom line, so that Japanese companies can concentrate on long-term stability and market share growth that encourages the creation of lifetime employees and long-term loans. In addition, Japanese businessmen can concentrate on increasing business growth, so they can get more bank loans, as well as profits that can increase capital.
Social
The driving factors that makes Japan as success and wealth country are because Japanesse has the culture and character of a hardworking, unyielding, entrepreneurial, innovative and highly disciplined individual. Another factor, which also supports the Japanese economy is good relations with many countries that ultimately help to smooth its foreign trade. The characteristics of the Japanese economy include the close cooperation between firms operating in refineries, supplies, distribution, and banks (this cooperation group is called keiretsu), wage negotiations between private companies and trade unions (shunto), good relations with government bureaucracy, and lifelong career guarantees (shushin koyo) for nearly one-third of the city's workforce, as well as employment contracts for workers.
Technological
Japan is famous as a country that often imitates large companies by producing high quality products. They produce in the same way and what sets them apart is "Kaizen", a Contiunous Improvement that doing the same thing and making improvements from other companies so they can do way better than the competitors.
Legal
Japan is ranked 34 among 190 countries in the ease of doing business, according to the latest World Bank annual ratings in 2016. The Ease of doing business index ranks countries against each other based on how the regulatory environment is conducive to business operation and stronger protections of property rights. Ease of doing business contain ten indicators such as starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts and resolving insolvency. It means that the Japanese government provides convenience for people who want to establish a business.
Environment
Japan has made great strides in reducing waste volume and recycling used products, especially recycling cans and plastic bottles that has been running steadily in Japan. Explanation about Japan incineration plant will be discussed in own section of this paper.
Conclusion
There are several things that can be learned from the business in Japan:
STP activities (Segmenting, Targeting and Positioning) are very important in order to create a brand and attract consumers. Based on the above explanation, each shopping place has its own characteristics, that consist of unique place, goods sold and tconsumers targets.
Japanese proficiency in managing the traditional culture to be something that can be sold. The importance of government support in business industry
Environmental awareness Mastering the latest technology
5
CROSS CULTURAL ANALYSIS REPORT
Aside shopping places we also visited the historical buildings that became the landmark of Tokyo.
Sensoji Asakusa Kannon Temple Sensoji Asakusa is a Buddhist temple located in Asakusa, Tokyo, Japan and also being the Tokyo's oldest temple. When approaching the temple,visitors first enter through the Kaminarimon (Thunder Gate), the outer gate of but also evokes a sense of Japan traditional culture. The Tembo Deck, located 350m above ground level, features a spacious design that affords a 360 degree panoramic view of Tokyo.
Differences in Values, Beliefs and Policies
Japanese consumers have very high standard of quality for the products they buy. They will not hesitate to file a complaint to the seller or the manufacturer if there is a defect in the product they purchased. Japanese consumers also like goods that has long durability. One example is the use of school bags for elementary school students that the bag has been designed to be worn for 6 consecutive years without being replaced.
Acculturation
6 "life". In the next development, facing a meeting between Buddhism and the original belief of the Japanese
(Shinto) that ultimately resulted in a considerable competition between the Japanese priest (Shinto) and the Buddhist priests. To maintain the survival of Shinto religion, the priests accepted and entered Buddhist elements into their religious system. As a result Shinto religion has almost lost most of its original properties. For example, various religious ceremonies and even shrine building forms are heavily influenced by Buddhism. The statue of the god who was originally unknown in the Shinto religion began to be held and the simplicity of the Shinto shrines became gradually replaced by a colorful ornament style.
World Brands
Japan has many product that become worldwide, such as food (KitKat, Oreo, Pocky, Springe potato, Kraft, Cheetos, etc), drink (Pocari Sweat, Vit C, Yakult, etc), electronic (Sony, Toshiba, Honda, Yamaha, etc) and many more. Although Japan has a lot of domestic production goods that have been worldwide, but the Japanese people are also willing to accept foreign brands, such as Iphone, Macbook, Starbuck, Uniqlo, Zara and many more.
Recommendation
7
COMPANY VISIT ANALYSIS REPORT Shin-Koto Incineration Plant
Overview of Shin Koto Incineration Plant
Burning is an excellent way of processing waste and recycling energy because combustible waste is burnt in a hygienic manner, reducing the volume to 5% while heat generated serves to generate electricity for energy recycling. Shin Koto Incineration Plant equipped with the state of the art air pollution preventive facilities plays an important role of processing waste produced within 23 cities in Tokyo, enjoying a much longer service life as a valuable final disposal sites.
Shin-Koto Incineration Plant is a magnificent building, a touch of modern architecture in which divided into several rooms, equipped with sophisticated machine tools. The process of handling waste using incineration methods in which garbage burned with a high enough temperature can adversely affect the surrounding environment, for example, air pollution (the emergence of dioxin gas that is harmful to human health). However, with a fairly sophisticated technological approach, the Government of Japan is increasingly able to minimize its negative impact. In the early stages, all communities are required to sort waste into two categories: burnable and unburnable. Garbage generated by nearly 9 million people (about 8,000 tons per day) then transported to incineration plant for burnable waste and to recycle plant for unburnable waste every day.
In the incineration plant, waiting for the crane that will stir this garbage, so that the sized garbage variations are mixed with each other to facilitate the burning. Furthermore, the garbage that has been fused is burned with temperatures reaching 800 degrees Celsius. This technique not only effectively reduces the volume of certain waste to almost 1/20 of the actual size, but also reduces the dioxin gas generated from combustion.
8 Here is the flow of waste processing in Japan
Shin-Koto Incineration Plant visited by many people every year, ranging from school students to governments of other countries who want to learn and see the process of waste management using this sophisticated technology.
Shin Koto Incineration Plant is the largest incineration plant in Tokyo. Every day the Shin-Koto Incineration Plant can burn 1800 metric tonnes of garbage and produce a power output of 50,000 kilowatts. Part of the heat is supplied to the adjacent public facilities including the Tatsumi international swimming pool of Tokyo, the Yumenoshima House of Tropical Plants Tokyo and the Yumenoshima Marima. The Plant was equipped with the state-of-the art air pollution preventive equipments resulting in pollution emission levels far lower than the Japanese national standards.
Plant overview:
site area 61.000 m2
incineration 1.800t/day
Construction cost 88 billion yen approximately
Completed September 1998
Building scale Reinforced concrete (partially iron framed); nine stories above (partially one
under) the ground
Building site 28.000 m2 approximately
Total floor area 77.000 m2 approximately
stack Outer cylinder : reinforced concrete made
Inner cylinder : stainless steel sheet made
height 150 m
incinerator Fully continuous incineration, fire grate type 600t/day x 3 units
Boiler Natural circulation type water pipe boiler with heater
Maximum steam generated 121,3t/h x 3 units
Turbine generator Bleeder condensing turbine 50.000kW x 1 unit
Dust collector Bug filter dust collector
Volume of freated exhaust gas
9
Refuse bunker 45.000 m3 approximately
Refuse bunker gate 21 double-leafed hinged gates
Ash bunker 2.900 m3 approximately
Power reception equipment Incoming power voltage 66.000 volt, 2 lines
Type of work conducted by each of the 23 cities :
Waste management offices in each of the 23 cities collect and transfer waste.
1. Collection
Each city sets collection days and areas depending on the type of waste and conduct efficient operation drafting and operation plans that correspond to seasonal changes and regional trends in waste amount.
Waste management
Waste collection and tranfer, recovery of resources, etc.
Intermediate waste treatment of waste (incineration, pulverization, night soil
pretreatment, etc.
Final disposal (landfill)
Managed by each of the 23 cities
Managed by the Clean Authority
of Tokyo
Managed by the Tokyo Metropolitan
Government Community
development
Social welfare
Disaster prevention
Industrial promotion
10 Waste processing in the 23 cities is free of charge for household waste (excluding the disposal of
waste exceeding 10kg per day), while large-sized waste and business-generated waste are charged
2. Transferring Process
It resolve the transfer method for every kind of waste (burning, flaming retardant, fault size) to carry effectively.To ensure efficient transfer, transfer methods are determined based on the types of waste (combustible, incombustible or large-sized).
Combustible-waste
Combustible means burnable. The definition of combustible waste is organic content of solid waste, including paper waste (toilet paper, diapers), cardboard, cartons, wood, boxes, excelsior, straws, plastic bags and wrappers (gift wrappers, food wrapper,candy wrappers, grocery bags), textiles, bedding, leather and rubber (shoes, bag, boots, slipper), paints, yard trimmings, leaves, tube and other plastic containers (cooking oil containers, ketchup containers soy sauce containers, margarine containers, toothpaste containers,yogurt containers) and household waste. All of those wastes will be burnt. Combustible waste is loaded onto collection vehicles (such as compaction type vehicle) on collection sites, from which it is directly transferred to an incineration plant.
Incombustible-waste
Incombustible means non-burnable. Incombustible wastes include can type items, bottle type items, spray cans (hair spray, butane gas cylinders, disposable lighters), metallic items (tea kettles, aluminium bottle caps, yogurt lids, pots, nails, blades, aluminium foil, ballpoint, pens), glass items (plates, glasses, lightbulbs, pyrex, windowspanes), ceramics (vases , bowls, plates), plastic products (plastic buckets, tapes, compact disc, children toys, plastic rope, umbrella), small appliances (vacuum cleaners, rice cookers, printers, electric kettles, toaster oven, camera), PVC products (plastic wrap, vinyl gloves, etc), battery, etc.
Incombustible waste is transferred to either the Chubo Incombustible Waste Processing Center or the Keihinjima Island Incombustible Waste Processing Center. Since both are located on the waterfront, some cities have established land or boat transfer stations, where waste is reloaded onto container vehicles or vessels for relayed transfer.
Such relayed transfer contributes to improved transfer efficiency, reduced traffic congestion alleviation of air pollution due to exhaust.
Large-sized waste
Large-sized waste includes things that can be reused or part reused (knitting machine, CD players, sewing machine, DVD recorders, casette players, stereos, car stereos, VCRs, speakers, fax machine), recyclable textiles (bathtowels, sheets), items containing mercury (thermometers, fluorescent lightbulbs, blood pressure meter, mirror), things that can be reused for scrap metal (bicycles, weed whackers, space heaters, microwave, oven, steel chairs, corrugated steel, other small hard objects) Large-sized waste is delivered to the Large-Sized Waste Pulverization Processing Facility. Cities that have a transfer station conduct relayed transfer by reloading it from smaller collection vehicles onto larger vehicles. Such relayed transfer contributes to improve transfer efficiency, reduced traffic congestion and alleviation of air pollutin due to exhaust.
The intermediate treatment of waste
1. Processing combustible waste
2. Improper waste disposal may cause a halt or failure of incinerators 3. Bottom ash is recycled as cement materials
4. Bottom ash is melted into slag
5. Environmental measures to prevent exhaust and wastewater emissions 6. Putting the heat energy generated from incineration to beneficial use 7. Processing incombustible waste and large-sized waste
Waste Management in Indonesia
Managing waste is one of the problems that exist today. The high level of public consumption resulted in increase in the amount of waste generated. On the other hand, the land to accommodate the rest of the
11 Incineration is a waste processing technology that involves burning organic matter. Incineration and other
high-temperature waste treatment are defined as thermal processing. Incineration of waste materials converts waste into ashes, combustion gases, particulates, and heat. The resulting gas must be cleaned of the pollutant before it is released into the atmosphere. The heat produced can be utilized as a power generation energy.
Incinerators reduce the volume of garbage up to 95-96%, depending on the composition and degree of waste recovery. This means incineration does not completely replace land use as a final disposal area, but incineration reduces the volume of waste discharged in significant amounts.
Incineration is very popular in some countries like Japan where land is a very scarce resource. Denmark and Sweden have become pioneers in using heat from incineration to generate energy. In 2005, waste incineration generated 4.8% of the electricity and 13.7% of the country's heat consumed. Some other countries in Europe that rely on incineration as waste processing are Luxembourg, Netherlands, Germany and France.
Here is the overview of Municipal Solid Waste Management in some countries.
Country Collection Treatment Disposal
Japan Source separation.
South Korea Source separation Incineration/waste to
energy.
No incineration plant Shift to sanitary landfill.
Source : http://wtert.in/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/MichikazuKojima201501.pdf
Waste from consumption of urban residents turns out that the wastes are not easy to decompose, especially plastic. The accumulation of plastic waste creates serious contamination. This condition is realized by some people by growing efforts to reduce plastic waste. New plastic bags can begin to decompose for at least more than 20 years in the soil. If the plastic bag is in the water, it will be more difficult to unravel.
12 problems, namely the presence of dioxins that can lead to health problems such as damage to the immune
system, cancer, reproductive disorders, and others. In addition, huge investment is required, complicated technology with minimal economic value, and is currently heavily restricted in developed countries.
Some incinerator project were failed in some Asian countries because of high operation cost especially for fuel, due to low calorie of waste.
In 2015, West Java Governor Ahmad Heryawan inaugurated the second incinerator construction built by PT Jasa Medivest in Dawuan, West Java. The second incinerator development is expected to make West Java Province as a reference for medical waste management in Indonesia. The second incinerator owned by BUMD Jabar subsidiary PT Jasa Sarana has a capacity of more than 6,000 tons of medical waste per year. This capacity increase is expected to overcome the problem of medical waste in West Java. With this capacity added is certainly a step forward because waste management is still a problem, this will be the biggest in Indonesia and hopefully this can be an inspiration because the waste management business is still not handled well.
Based on the release from http://nasional.news.viva.co.id, Indonesia produced 65 million tons of waste in 2016. The number increase compared to 2015 as much as 64 million tons.
The amount of waste, now being a serious concern for the government to do the processing to reduce the accumulation of waste. For example, Jakarta reaches the amount of waste at 70 thousand tons per day. This makes the Landfill become increasingly accumulate. The Ministry of Environment is now seeking to buy incinerators to reduce waste quickly, especially in big cities. They will also take other parties.
The establisment of incinerator will take a lot of budget, so now it is still being pursued. The ministry will improve the amount of waste banks (bank sampah) throughout Indonesia.
Reccomendation
Japan already has excellent waste management system. This is supported by Japanese people who have high awareness to throw away the waste in place. Indonesia has the opportunity to be able to imitate the waste management system in Japan, but the community must be willing to change. In Indonesia we still often find garbage disposed on the roadside, ditch, or in the river. People in Indonesia are not yet accustomed for classifying waste according into its type, such as organic waste, inorganic waste, plastic waste, garbage cans, electronic garbage, and so on. This garbage grouping will make it easier in the process of waste management later. Indonesian people has a tendency to throw away all sorts of waste into one trash can. So that to be able to realize excellent waste management hence need strong synergy between society and government.
As good as any waste management program and any sophisticated technology used, it will remain in vain if there is no substantial contribution from the society to change. There are several important things that must be done by the community to support integrated waste management in order to create a clean environment such as:
ü Familiarize the 3R lifestyle of Reduce Reuse Recyle
ü Sorting waste starting from our immediate environment such as home and workplace. Do the waste sorting at least 3 types of organic waste, recycled and B3. Divide the kitchen waste and food waste into organic trash. Waste bottles, cans, glass, paper into recycling bin and electronic waste, batteries & lights used to B3 waste bin.
ü Reduces activities that can lead to waste, such as not using plastic bags
ü Familiarize the reuse of goods that are still worth selling and valuable for recycle garbage
ü Always throw garbage in its appropriate place.
13 inspecting the assigned assignments, inspecting the resources used, the costs, the workings and the changes
14
INTERNATIONAL JOINT SEMINAR in collaboration with Takushoku University
MM Unpad students have arranged research proposals and then present the research proposal at international joint seminar in Takushoku Univeristy. From the 16 research proposals, six papers were presented with the following headings:
1. The Effect of Socioeconomic Factors to Change Housing Price in Indonesia (by Ferry Agustianto and
Muh. Andriyadi)
2. Bandung Versus Surabaya E- Government: Which One to Adopt? (by Hanif Rahmatullah and Silvia Herera)
3. Managing Knowledge Assets For Organizational Performance Improvement : Case Study in BPKP Jawa
Barat (by Dwita Ayu and Diyan Rasyieqa)
4. The Evaluation of Green Economy Principles in Government Assets Management : Case Study at Central Bureau of Statistic Central Kalimantan Province (by Norhina Kurniawaty and Rephy Ekawatie)
5. The Use of Information in Commitment Module of the State Treasury and Budget System (SPAN-Sistem Perbendaharaan dan Anggaran Negara) to Optimize the Absorption of the State Budget (by Jarir Al Amjad and Utomo Wicaksono)
6. Mobile-VCT as a Social Marketing Engine to Reduce High-Risk Sexual Behavior : The Project for
HIV/AIDS Prevention for Sex Workers in Cilegon City – Indonesia (by Verza Mulya and Sarimin)
15 Prof. Yoshino gave feedbacks to the presenter. The feedback given are the importance of explanation the
clear definition of research topic at the beginning of paper, using appropriate research methods, and making research limitation to focus on particular or small object so that the discussion of the research can be explained in detail.
16 ---the end---
References:
http://www.aquacity.jp.e.yp.hp.transer.com/lng/top
https://chikupunya.wordpress.com/2009/02/24/bisnis-di-jepang-resume-buku/
http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/japan/
http://gelut.com/wirausaha/rahasia-strategi-bisnis-dari-perusahaan-di-jepang/
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinto
http://jabar.tribunnews.com/2015/08/25/jabar-bakal-miliki-incinerator-kedua-dan-terbesar-di-indonesia
http://www.jepang.net
http://jpninfo.com/9826
http://macamilmublog.blogspot.com/2012/10/policy-making-in-japan.html
http://mm.fe.unpad.ac.id
http://www.penilaiindonesia.com/manajemen-aset
http://www.sainsjurnal.com/sains/pengelolaan-sampah/
https://www.tripadvisor.com
http://www.union.tokyo23-seisou.lg.jp.e.de.hp.transer.com
