T BING 1201329 Table of content

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Yessi Widyasari, 2014

Ateacher’s Written Feedback On Students’ Writing

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

2.2.3.3 Preferences for Teachers’ Written Feedback Focus .... Error! Bookmark

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2.2.4 Written Feedback Strategies ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2.4.1 Direct Feedback... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2.4.2 Indirect Feedback ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2.4.2.1 Coded Feedback ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2.4.2.2 Uncoded Feedback... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2.4.2.3 Commentary ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2.4.2.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Indirect Feedback ... Error!

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2.2.4.3 Preferences for Teachers’ Strategies in Giving Written Feedback Error!

2.2.5 Guidelines on Giving Feedback ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.3 Common Writing Errors ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.4 Stages of Writing ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.5 Discussion Texts ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.6 Relevant Studies ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.7 Concluding Remarks ... Error! Bookmark not defined. CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.1 Introduction ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2 Methodology ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.1 The Purposes of the Study and Research Questions ... Error! Bookmark

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3.2.5 Data Collection Techniques ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.5.1 Classroom Observations ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.5.2 Document Analysis... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.5.3 Interviews ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.6 Data Analysis ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.6.1 Data from Classroom Observations ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.6.2 Data from Students’ Texts ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.6.3 Data from Interviews ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.7 Validity ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.3 Concluding Remarks ... Error! Bookmark not defined. CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.1 Introduction ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.2 Data from Classroom Observations ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.2.1. Teacher’s Written Feedback Focus on Students’ Writing ... Error!

4.2.2. Teacher’s Written Feedback Strategies in Giving Written Feedback

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4.2.3. Students’ Preferences for Teacher’s Focus when Giving Written

Feedback ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.2.4. Students’ Preferences for Teacher’s Strategies when Giving Written

Feedback ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.3 Data from Students’ Texts ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.3.1. Teacher’s Written Feedback Focus on Students’ Writing ... Error!

4.3.1.1. Form-focused Feedback ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.3.1.2. Content-focused Feedback ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.3.2. Teacher’s Strategies in Giving Written Feedback Error! Bookmark not

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4.3.2.1. Indirect Feedback ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.3.2.1.1 Uncoded Feedback ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.3.2.1.2 Coded Feedback... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.3.2.1.3 Commentary ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.3.2.2. Direct Feedback ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.4 Data from Teacher and Student Interviews ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.4.1. Data from Teacher Interview ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.4.1.1. Teacher’s Written Feedback Focus on Students’ Writing ... Error!

4.4.1.1.1. Form-focused Feedback ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.4.1.1.2. Content-focused Feedback .... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.4.1.2. Teacher’s Strategies in Giving Written Feedback ... Error!

4.4.1.2.1. Indirect Feedback ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.4.1.2.2. Direct Feedback ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.4.2. Data from Student Interviews ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.4.2.1. Teacher’s Written Feedback Focus on Students’ Writing ... Error!

4.4.2.2. Teacher’s Strategies in Giving Written Feedback ... Error!

4.4.2.2.1 Indirect Feedback ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.4.2.2.2 Direct Feedback ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.4.2.3. Students’ Preferences for Teacher’s Focus when Giving Written

Feedback ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.4.2.4. Student’s Preferences for Teacher’s Strategy in Giving Written

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Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 Error Correction Codes ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 3.1 Types of Teacher’s Written Feedback Focus and Error Types ... Error!

Table 4.1 Examples of Students’ Revisions after Receiving Form-focused Feedback ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 4.2 Examples of Students’ Revisions after Receiving Direct Feedback .. Error!

Table 4.3 Examples of Students’ Revisions after Receiving Indirect Feedback Error!

Table 4.4 Teacher’s Feedback Focus and Error TypesError! Bookmark not defined.

Table 4.5 Examples of Strudents’ Texts before and after Receiving Form-focused Feedback ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 4.6 Examples of Students’ Texts before and after Receiving Content-focused

Feedback ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 4.7 Teacher’s Strategies in Giving Written FeedbackError! Bookmark not

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Table 4.8 Examples of Students’ Texts before and after Receiving Indirect Feedback ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 4.9 Examples of Students’ Texts before and after Receiving Direct Feedback

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Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX 1: A SAMPLE OF THE STUDENTS’ TEXTS WITH THE

TEACHER’S WRITTEN FEEDBACK AND ITS REVISION .. Error! Bookmark

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APPENDIX 2: AN ANALYSIS OF THE TECHER’S FOCUS ON GIVING

WRITTEN FEEDBACK ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Appendix 2.1: A framework for the Analysis of the teacher’s Focus on Giving

Written Feedback ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Appendix 2.2: An Analysis of the Teacher’s Focus on Giving Written Feedback on

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APPENDIX 3: AN ANALYSIS OF THE TEACHER’S STRATEGIES IN GIVING

WRITTEN FEEDBACK ON THE STUDENTS’ TEXTS .. Error! Bookmark not

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Appendix 3.1: A framework for the Analysis of the Teacher’s Strategies on Giving Written Feedback ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Appendix 3.2: An Analysis of the Teacher’s Strategies on Giving Written Feedback

on the Students’ Texts ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

APPENDIX 4: INTERVIEW DATA ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Appendix 4.1: Questions for Teacher Interview ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Appendix 4.2: A Sample of Condensed Version of Data from Teacher Interview

... Error! Bookmark not defined. Appendix 4.3: Questions for Student Interviews .... Error! Bookmark not defined. Appendix 4.4: A Sample of Condensed Version of Data from Student Interviews

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Appendix 4.5: A Sample of Condensed Version of Data from Student Interviews ... Error! Bookmark not defined. APPENDIX 5: OBSERVATION DATA ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Appendix 5.1: A Sample of Observation Notes by the Researcher ... Error!