1
Unggul Priyanto
Deputy Chairman for Technology of Information, Energy, and Materials
•
Introduction
•
Geothermal
•
Smart Micro Grid for renewable energy
IB : 10,2% 21 TWh
54 TWh
IT : 10,6% 11 TWh 28 TWh
JB : 8,97%
115 TWh
252 TWh
Interconnected Systems
• Two of main islands have own interconnected systems
• The rests are:
– Clusters of service areas with main grids, including remote off-grid distributed systems (Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Papua)
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Rasio
Elektrif ikasi 62% 63% 64,3% 65,1% 65,8% 67,2% 70,4% 73,6% 76,8% 80,0% REALISASI (Tahun) RENCANA (Tahun)
NAD
Papua Barat 41,87%
OIL
PRESIDENT DECREE 5/2006
BIOENERGY 5%
BBM 20 % Gas 30 %
Batubara 33 %
EBT 17 %
Bio-fuel 5 %
Geothermal 5 %
Biomassa, Nuklir, Air, Surya, Angin 5 %
Coal Liquefaction 2 %
Target kontribusi tenaga surya tahun 2025 : 0,2-0,3% ≈ 0,8-1,0 GW
PLTP SIBAYAK: 10 MW
PLTP GUNUNG SALAK: 377 MW PLTP WAYANG WINDU: 227 MW
PLTP KAMOJANG: 200 MW
PLTP DARAJAT: 270 MW
PLTP DIENG: 60 MW
PLTP LAHENDONG: 80 MW
Note:
Existing PLTP
Ready for Delopment
Detailed Survey Preliminary Survey
Source: Geological Agency (2011)
1 Sumatera 86 13.470 120
Installed Capacity (MW)
PLTP ULUBELU: 110MW
PLTP ULUMBU: 5 MW
DISTRIBUTION OF GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES IN INDONESIA
CURRENT PROGRESS
Plus 2nd Crash Program Scenario
(4925 MW)
6151 MW
1158 MW Existing GWA
+ New GWA
• ALL power plants use foreign technology.
1. Overlapping between geothermal working areas and
protection/conservation forest at least 30% of
geothermal resources are located in the conservation forest.
2. Lack of exploration data bidding by the goverment only
provides geological, geophysical and geochemical data.
3. Price of geothermal energy is not competitif insufficient
fiscal policy, limited funding & incentive mechanism, high investment cost, very high technical risk.
4. Geothermal market is very narrow PLN as a Single
Buyer.
5. Uncertainty in the legal aspect. 6. Lack of human resources.
1. TECHNICAL RISK:
• Resource risk possibility of not finding sufficient geothermal
resources for commercial use.
• Operational risk drilling success ratio, well productivity.
• Technological risk.
• Construction risk land acquisition for steam field and power
plant.
2. NON-TECHNICAL RISK:
• Market access and price risk market/price fluctuation.
• Legal and regulatory risk the certainty of government policy
and regulation.
1. Improving and harmonizing regulations in
geothermal business, including a revision of the
Geothermal Law to allow the geothermal
development in conservation forest.
2. Pricing regulation with comprehensive
treatment.
CAPACITY LOCAL CONTENT
EQUIPMENT* SERVICE** COMBINATION
5 MW 31,30% 89,18% 42,00%
> 5 MW - 10 MW 21,00% 82,30% 40,45%
>10 MW - 60 MW 15,70% 74,10% 33,24%
> 60 MW - 110 MW 16,30% 60,10% 29,21%
> 110 MW 16,00% 58,40% 28,95%
LOCAL CONTENT REGULATION FOR GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT
(Industrial Minister Regulation No. 54/2012)
*) Equipment :
Equipment consists of steam turbine, boiler, generator, electrical, instrument and control, balance of plant and/or civil and steel structure.
**) Service :
Consultancy service (feasibility study), integrated construction service (engineering, procurement, and construction), inspection, test, certification and/or supporting
1. It is a national priority program stated in the Presidential Regulation No. 05/2010 regarding the National Medium-Term Development Plan 2010 – 2014.
2. Output :
a) Condensing Turbine Technology of 3 MW GeoPP.
Ready for operation in Kamojang Geothermal Field
b) Binary Cycle Technology of 100 kW GeoPP.
Under construction in Wayang Windu Field
TARGET
1. To substitute the use of fossil fuel based diesel power generations. 2. To accelerate the development small scale geothermal power
plants by domestic human resources and national industries.
“start small, move fast”
Demister
Production Well KMJ-68
Turbin
Hot Well Pump
ACW
Pump Cooling Tower
Reinjection Well KMJ-21 Generator
Engineering Design : BPPT
PT.TGE
PT.TGE
“start small, move fast”
Steam Flushing Process Setting of Turbine Rotor
LOCAL CONTENT :
INDUSTRIAL MINISTER REG. No. 54/2012
PILOT PLANT BPPT
“start small, move fast”
100 KW BINARY CYCLE PILOT PLANT
IN WAYANG WINDU, WEST JAVA
“start small, move fast”
Modular Plant
Under Construction
Air Cooler
• With the geographical condition as an archipelago, the use of solar power generation is estimated to be the right solution to achieve the target of 93% electrification by 2025.
• The Government has issued a blueprint for a national energy management, which in 2025 could be achieved using
renewable energy in National Energy Mix up to 17 %.
• Government planed for accelerated development of solar power generation, targeted to be installed until 2025 up to 2,2 GWp.
• Based on temporary projection of energy utilization 2010 shows petroleum 43, 9 %, coal 30, 7 % and natural gas 21 %. Renewable energy contribution is still low for about 4, 4 %. • Installed capacity of solar power plants in rural areas are
estimated around 17 MWp
• State Electricity Company plans to build 1000 solar power generation for isolated island in Indonesia. The construction will be started on 2012 and is expected to be completed
within 5 years
• Indonesia solar energy potential is very large, with average daily radiation 4.8 kWh/m2/day.
• In eastern part of Indonesia, average daily radiation of
about 5.1 kWh/m2/day. with a monthly variation of about 9 %.
• While in western part of Indonesia, average daily radiation of about 5.1 kWh/m2/day. with a monthly variation of about 10 %.
1. Institutional policies: regulations,
standards, systemsmanagement, education.
2. Diversification policy photovoltaic applications: utilization as electricity in rural areas, encouraging the use
of PV in luxuryresidential and commercial buildings 3. Incentive mechanism
4. PV industrial development
5. R & D and mastery of PV technology 6. investment policy
•
Smart interconnection
grids
– Improved reliability – Energy savings
– Robustness of operation and control (Self-Heals) – Etc.
•
Smart microgrids with
distributed energy
resources (DER) where
applicable
– Distribution systems containing high DER
Paradigm Shift in Energy System
Increasing penetration of renewable energy, diversification in electricity generations, reduction in carbon emission, etc.
Future Chalenges
A key solution
Smart MicroGrid could efficiently control integration of renewable energy to the main grid.
• Enhanced compatibility of electricity network with increased penetration of renewable energy
• Communications between the network and various types of generations
• Providi g services for various co su ers’ electricity eeds, ai ly i re ote
and isolated areas
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CHALLENGES ENABLERS
Communication Infrastructures
* Big Cities: Available but Expensive * Small Towns: Not all available
Development of communication infrastructure
Information Technology
* Limited SCADA capabilities
* Smart meters only for large consumers
SCADA Improvement
Proliferation of smart meter
Non-competitive Electricity Market Opening up electricity market
Regulated Government Pricing Policies & Regualtions: * Dynamic Pricing
Unsteady supply from Renewables (Micro Hydro, Solar, etc.)
Incentives for Renewable Energy
Participation from consumers difficult Incentives for Consumer Participations
Very few Smart Building applications Energy efficiency awareness
Investments are expensive Incentives for Investments
“start small, move fast”
