SO 8 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
S. LTNNAEA
1. CAMPANULA L,
1. Campanula rotundifolia L. Harebell. Common at all altitudes, usually in thtn woods or on open slopes; frequent above timber line, even on rock slides. Alaska to Calif., N. Mex., and N. J.; also in Eur. and Asia. (C. petiolata A. DC.)—Perennial, 10 to 40 cm. high, very slender, nearly glabrous; basal leaves ovate or heart-shaped, 1 to 3 cm. long, toothed, slender-petioled; stem leaves linear; flowers few, in racemes, slender-stalked, drooping; corolla bell-shaped, bluish purple, 1.5 to 2 cm. long; fruit a capsule.
A very beautiful and graceful plant, often growing among grasses. The plants bloom all summer. Those of dry places often have very small corollas, 1 cm. long or
even shorter. This species is the "bluebells of Scotland."
85. CICHORIACEAE. Chicory Family.
Annual or perennial herbs with milky juice; leaves alternate, or sometimes all at the base of the stem; flowers in heads as in the Asteraceae, but the flowers all with strap- shaped corollas; stamens 5, the anthers united into a tube; fruit an achene, with pappus of bristles at the apex.—By some authors this family is united with the Asteraceae.
Flower head one on each stem; stems naked.
Achenes 10-ribbed or 10-nerved, smooth; bracts unequal and overlapping; flowers yellow or bronze 1, AGOSERIS.
Achenes 4 or 5-ribbed, rough with spinelike projections, at least near the apex;
main bracts equal in length, a few much shorter ones present at the base of the head; flowers yellow 2. LEONTODON.
Flower heads few to many on each stem; stems leafy.
Achenes flattened; flowers blue or pale yellow; leaves usually lobed or with spiny teeth lACTTTCA.
Achenes not flattened; flowers yellow or white; leaves usually entire or toothed, rarely lobed, never with spiny teeth 4. SONCHTJS.
STANDLEY—FLORA OF GLACIER PARK, 415
Pappus white; achenea tapering toward the apex.
Pappus bristles hairy, dilated and chafflike at base .... 6. PTCLOCAUUS.
Pappus bristles not hairy, slender throughout 6. CREPIS.
Pappus yellowish or brownish; achenes not tapering.
Leaves not at all triangular, without lobes at the base; flowers white or yellow;
plants hairy 7. HTERACrCM.
Leaves more or less triangular, with lobea at the base; flowers white; plants glabrous 8. FRENANTHES.
1. AGOSERIS Raf. False dandelion.
Perennials with naked stems; leaves clustered at the base of the stem, entire, toothed, or lobed; heads solitary, large; flowers yellow or bronze, often turning pur- plish; pappus of slender white bristles.—It is necessary to have mature achenes in order to distinguish the species accurately. The species are difficult to distinguish, and poorly understood; it is doubtful whether all those listed below are valid.
Beak of the achene slender, nearly or fully as long as the body of the achene, scarcely ridged at the middle; flowers often bronze or orange.
Leaves finely hairy 1. A. elata.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so.
Leaves with few or numerous narrow lobea 2. A. graminifolia.
Leaves entire or slightly toothed 8. A. gracilens.
Beak short, ridged its whole length; flowers yellow.
Leaves finely hairy.
Outer bracts mostly oblong or oblong-ovate; leaves mostly entire . 4. A. vUlosa.
Outer bracts linear-lanceolate; leaves mostly lobed 6. A. aspera.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so.
Bracts glabrous on the back; leaves linear or nearly so 6. A. glauca.
Bracts hairy on the back; leaves linear or broader.
Leaves acute; outer bracts not much broader than the inner ones; plants mostly 20 to 40 cm. high 7. A. scorzoneraefolia.
Leaves obtuse; outer bracts much broader than the inner ones; plants mostly 5 to 15 cm. high 8. A. pumila.
1. Agoseris elata (Nutt.) Greene. Occasional about the foot of Lake McDermott, on sandbars or open rocky slopes. B. C. to Calif., Colo., and Mont.—Leaves oblance- olate or nearly linear, lobed or toothed or some of them entire, green; stems stout,
30 to 50 cm. high, hairy; bracts hairy; flowers yellow or sometimes orange.
2. Agoseris graminifolia Greene. Frequent at middle and high altitudes, in meadows, on rocky slopes, or occasionally in woods; sometimes found above timber line on rock slides. B. C. and Alta. to Ariz.—Leaves linear, green, usually very numerous; stems 15 to 40 cm. high, hairy above; heads 2 cm. high, narrow; flowers bronze, turning purplish.
8. Agoseris gracilens. (A. Gray) Kuntze. Frequent at low altitudes on the east slope, on open hillsides or in thickets; sometimes in meadows above timber line.
B. C. and Alta. to Colo.—Leaves oblanceolate, mostly entire, green or rather pale, obtuse or acute; stems 15 to 50 cm. high, hairy below the head; heads broad, about 2 cm. high; flowers orange or bronze, turning purplish.
4. Agoseris villosa Rydb. Frequent on the east slope at low, middle, and high altitudes, on rock slides or open slopes or in woods or thickets. B. C. and Alta. to TJtah. (Trozimon viUomrn A. Nels.)—Leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate, 6 to 12 cm.
long, pale, acute; stems stout, 10 to 40 cm. high, hairy; heads broad, about 2 cm.
high.
The plants from alpine localities are rarely much over 10 cm. high.
416 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
*. Agoseris aspera Rydb. Open slopes at Iceberg Lake. B.C., Idaho, and Mont.—
Leaves 4 to 7 cm. long, pale; stems 5 to 12 cm. high, hairy; heads 10 to 15 cm. high, narrow.
6. Agoseris glauca (Nutt.) Greene. Frequent on the east slope at low altitudes, on open hillsides, B. C. and Wash, to Colo, and S. Dak. {Troximon glaucum Nutt.)—
Leaves 8 to 20 cm. long, pale, narrowed to the tip; stems slender, 15 to 30 cm. high, glabrous.
7. Agoseris scorzoneraefolia (Schrad.) Greene. Frequent on the east slope at low altitudes, on open hillsides or flats; occasionally in alpine meadows. B. C. to Oreg., Colo., and S. Dak.—Leaves oblanceolate or linear-oblanceolate, 10 to 25 cm. long, pale or green, entire or toothed; stems 10 to 40 cm. high, hairy or glabrous; heads 2 to 3 cm. high, broad.
8. Agoseris pumlla (Nutt.) Rydb. Exposed rocky slope above Sexton Glacier.
Mont, to Colo. (Troximon pumihm Nutt.)—Leaves 3 to 10 cm. long, pale, entire or slightly toothed; stems mostly 5 to 12 cm, high, hairy or glabrous; heads 1.5 cm. high.
2. LEONTODON L. Dandelion.
*
Perennials with naked hollow stems, each bearing a single head; leaves lobed;
flowers yellow; achenes slender-beaked; pappus of numerous soft bristles.
Achenes red or reddish 1. L, laevtgatum.
Achenes greenish or greenish brown.
Outer bracts spreading or reflexed 2. L. taraxacum.
Outer bracts appressed.
Involucre 15 to 18 mm. high 3. L. ceratophornm.
Involucre 8 to 10 mm. high 4. 1. lyratum.
1. Leontodon laevigatum Willd. Redseed dandelion. Dry slopes at Belton.
Widely distributed in N. Amer.; naturalized from Eur. (Taraxacum erytlirospermum Andrzej.; T. laevigatum DC,; L, erytkrospermum Eichw.)—Leaves deeply lobed;
the lobes triangular; steins 10 to 20 cm. high, slender; heads about 15 mm. high.
8. Leontodon taraxacum L. Common dandelion. Frequent at low altitudes, especially on the west slope, on open hillsides or in waste ground. Native of Eur.;
widely naturalized as a weed in N. Amer. (Taraxacum taraxacum Karat.)—Leaves 10 to 30 cm. long, usually with triangular lobes; stems 10 to 30 cm. high; heads 1.5 to 2 cm. high.
8. Leontodon ceratophornm Ledeb. Alpine dandelion. Occasional above tim- ber line, on rock slides or rocky slopes; collected by Umbach on plains at east entrance. Alaska to N. Mex. (Taraxacum montanum. Nutt.; T, ceratophorum DC,;
L. monticola Rydb.)—Leaves 5 to 12 cm, long, toothed or lobed, glabrous; stems stout, 7 to 20 cm. high.
4. Leontodon lyratum Ledeb. Rock slide above Ptarmigan Lake. Alaska to Alta. and Colo, (Taraxacum rupestre Greene; T. scopulorum Rydb.; T, lyratum DC.;
L* rupeatris Rydb.; L. scopulorum Rydb.)—Leaves 3 to 8 cm. long, glabrous, with short triangular lobes; stems slender, 2 to 10 cm. high.
3. LACTUCA L Lettuce.
Plants annual, biennial, or perennial, with leafy stems; heads small, numerous, panicled, the flowers blue or yellow; achenes flattened, the pappus of numerous fine soft bristles.—Cultivated lettuce belongs to this genus.
Flowers yellow; leaves with fine spiny teeth. Achenes with a slender beak I
1 L. vlrosa.
)
STANDLEY—FLORA OF GLACIER PARK. 417
Flowers blue; leaves without spiny teeth, often lobed.
Achenes with a slender beak; leaves pale green; heads 1.5 to 2 cm. high.
2. L. pulchella.
Achenes not beaked; leaves bright green on the upper surface; heads 1 cm. high.
3. L. spicata.
f
1. Lactuca virosa L. Prickly lettuce. A few plants in dry soil at Belton.
Native of Eur.; introduced as a weed in N. Amer.—Biennial, 0.5 to 1.5 meters high, 'hairy below; leaves oblong or obovate, 10 to 30 cm. long, clasping; heads 10 to 12
mm. high; flowers pale yellow.
In many parts of the West this is a troublesome weed.
2. Lactuca pulchella (Fursh) DC. Prairie lettuce. Rare on dry banks at east entrance; perhaps introduced. B. 0. to Calif., N. Mex., and Sask.—Glabrous perennial, with rootstocks, 30 to 60 cm. high; leaves entire, toothed, or lobed; heads in a narrow panicle.
3. Lactuca spicata (Lam.) Hitchc. Tall lettuce. Frequent on the west slope at lotf and middle altitudes, in thin woods or on open or brushy hillsides. Idaho to Colo., N. C., and Newf.—Glabrous annual or biennial, 0.5 to 2 meters high, the stem unbranched except at the top; leaves deeply lobed, the lobes usually toothed, pale beneath; heads in a large panicle,