S. TOBBES1A
2. JTJNCOIDES
1. JUNCUS L. Rush.
Leaves flat or terete; flowers in heads, cymes, or panicles, each flower with a bract and sometimes 2 bractlets at the base; stamens 6 or 3; capsule 1 or 3-celled; seeds
often with tail-like appendages at the ends.
Lowest bract of the inflorescence terete, appearing like a continuation of the stem, the inflorescence apparently lateral.
Seeds with a tail-like appendage at each end; flowers 1 to 5.
Capsule acute; lowest bract usually twice as long as the inflorescence or longer;
upper leaf sheaths usually with blades ; ... 1. X. parryi.
Capsule obtuse or shallowly notched; bract only slightly, if at all, longer than the inflorescence; leaf sheaths without blades, merely bristle-pointed.
2. 7. drummondii.
Seeds without tail-like appendages; flowers often more numerous.
Sepals and petals green or straw-colored 3. J. filifonnis.
Sepals with a dark brown stripe on each side of the midrib 4. J. balticus.
Lowest bract not appearing as a continuation of the stem or, if so, channeled on the upper side.
Flowers not in heads, inserted singly on the branches of the inflorescence; leaves flat, with their faces turned to the stem.
Plants annual, branched, usually 5 to 15 cm. high; inflorescence more than half the height of the plant; capsule rounded at the apex . . . fi. J. bufonius.
Plants perennial, simple, tufted, usually 25 to 50 cm. high; inflorescence very short, less than one-tenth the height of the plant; capsule notched at the apex 6. J. confusus.
Flowers in dense heads; leaves various.
Leaves compressed, inserted with one edge toward the stem.
Stamens 6; ligule of the sheath usually produced into small auricles.
7. J. saximontanus.
Stamens 3; ligule without auricles . . . 8. J, ensifolius.
Leaves terete, or flat, but with one face turned toward the stem.
Leaves flat, not hollow, inserted with one face toward the stem, without cross partitions.
Seeds with tail-like appendages 9. J. regelii.
Seeds not appendaged 10. J. longistylis.
Leaves terete or channeled on the upper surface, hollow, provided inside with cross partitions.
Leaves channeled along the upper side.
Heads 2 to 5, about 6 mm. broad; sepals pale brown .... 11. J. alpinus.
Head 1, 8 to 12 mm. broad; sepals very dark brown.
12. J. mertensianus.
Leaves channeled along the upper side.
Capsule 6 to 9 mm. long; stems usually leafy, about 1.5 mm. thick.
13. J castaneus.
Capsule 3 to 5 mm. long; stems naked or leafy only at the base, less than 1 mm. thick.
306 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Capsule notched at the apex; lowest bract at the base of the head usually prolonged into a short terete blade; sepals dark purple or dark brown.
14. J. blglumis.
Capsule obtuse; lowest bract without a blade; sepals cream-colored in flower, in age sometimes reddish 15. J. triglumis.
i. Juncus parryi Engelm, Frequent above timber line, in wet meadows or on open rocky slopes. B. C. to Calif., Colo., and Mont.—Plants 10 to 35 cm. high, densely tufted; leaf sheaths loose, brown, the blades 2 to 5 cm. long; sepals brown, 5 to 7 mm. long; capsule yellowish brown, 6 to 7 mm. long.
8. Juncus drummondii E. Mey. Common above timber line, in meadows or on rocky slopes; sometimes in moist woods at middle altitudes. Alaska to Calif., N.
Mex., and Alta.—Plants 10 to 35 cm. high, usually densely tufted; sheaths close, pale brown, the blades bristle-like, 3 to 10 mm. long; sepals 5 to 7 mm. long, dark brown but green along the keel; capsule obtuse, about as long as the sepals.
3. Juncus filifonnis L. Sandbar at edge of Lake McDonald; abundant in sphag- num bog at Fish Lake. Wash, to Utah, Pa., and Greenl.; also in Eur. and Asia.—
Plants 20 to 60 cm. high, very slender, often in dense tufts; leaves reduced to pale brown sheaths; lowest bracts of the inflorescence often longer than the stem; flowers 6 to 10, in a loose cluster; sepals 2.5 to 3.5 mm. long; capsule obovoid, very obtuse, nearly as long as the sepals.
4. Juncus balticus Willd. Frequent on the east slope at low altitudes, in marshes or wet thickets, sometimes on open slopes, often about low places on prairie. Alaska to Calif., Mo., Pa., and Lab.; also in Eur. and Asia. (J. aler Rydb.)—Stems slender, 20 to 60 cm. high, rising at intervals from a stout creeping rootstock; leaves reduced to loose brownish sheaths; sepals 3 to 4 mm. long, lanceolate, acute; capsule narrowly ovoid, about as long as the sepals.
6. Juncus bufonius L. Toad rush. Low muddy places about east entrance.
Widely distributed in N. Amer. and in the other continents.—Plants slender, much branched from the base; leaves 0.5 to 1 mm. wide; sepals 4 to 6 mm. long, green with thin white margins; capsule oblong, obtuse, shorter than the sepals.
6. Juncus confusus Coville. Occasional on the east slope at middle altitudes, in woods or on open hillsides. B. C. to N. Mex. and Nebr.—Stems very slender; leaves less than 1 mm. wide, half to two-thirds as long as the stem; sepals about 4 mm. long, green, with a narrow brown stripe on each side and with broad thin whitish margins;
capsule about as long as the sepals, pale brown.
7. Juncus saximostanus A. Nels. Frequent at low altitudes, in moist or wet woods or thickets or in mossy bogs. B. C. to Calif., N. Mex., and Alta.—Stems leafy, 20 to 50 cm. high, rising from creeping rootstocks; leaves iris-like, 5 to 20 cm. long, with interior cross partitions; heads 2 to 10 (rarely only 1), usually about 1 cm, wide;
sepals dark brown, about 3 mm. long; capsule obtuse, short-beaked, about as long as the sepals.
8. Juncus ensifoUus Wikstr. Frequent at low and middle altitudes, in bogs or along streams and lakes. Alaska to Calif., Utah, and Alta.—Stems 30 to 60 cm. high, from thick creeping rootstocks; leaves iris-like, 5 to 30 cm. long, 3 to 6 mm. wide;
heads usually 2 or more, about 1 cm. broad; sepals dark brown, 3 mm. long; capsule usually slightly longer than the sepals.
0, Juncus regelii Buchenau. Occasional on the east slope at low and middle altitudes, on wet slopes or along streams and lakes. B. C. and Wash, to Utah and Mont.—Stems leafy, 20 to 50 cm. high; leaves 5 to 20 cm. long, 1 to 3 mm. wide;
heads 1 to 3; sepals 4 to 5 mm. long, green, with broad, dark brown margins; capsule very obtuse, about as long as the sepals.
10. Juncus longistylis Torn Occasional on the east slope at low altitudes, in wet thickets. Alta. to Calif., Mex., and S. Dak.—Stems 20 to 40 cm. high, slender,
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leafy; leaves 1.5 to 3 mm. wide; heads 1 to 5,1 cm. broad or larger; sepals 5 to 6 mm.
long, brown, with thin pale margins; capsule brown, obtuse, shorter than the sepals.
11. Juncus alpinns Vill. Occasional at low and middle altitudes, in wet meadows or sphagnum bogs. Alaska to Wash., Nebr., Pa., and Greenl.; also in Eur. and Asia.—
Stems leafy, 15 to 30 cm. high, from stout rootstocks; leaves 0.5 to 1 mm. thick;
heads 3 to 12-flowered; sepals 2 to 2.5 mm. long, obtuse; capsule brownish, slightly longer than the sepals.
10. Juncus mertensianus Bong. Abundant above and near timber line, in wet meadows or on rock slides; sometimes at middle or even low altitudes, in moist woods or along streams. Alaska to Calif., N. Mex., and Alta.—Stems 10 to 30 cm- high, from thick rootstocks; leaves about 1 mm, thick; sepals about 4 mm. long;
capsule dark brown, about as long as the sepals, obtuse or shallowly notched.
13. Juncus castaneus J. E. Smith. Open rocky slope, Gunsight Pass. Alaska to N. Mex., Newf., and Greenl.; also in Eur. and Asia.—Sterna stout, 10 to 30 cm, high, from creeping rootstocks; leaves 1 to 2 mm. thick, 3 to 10 cm. long; heads 1 to 3, 3 to 12-flowered; sepals brown or dark brown, 4 to 7 mm. long; capsule dark brown, acute, often twice as long as the sepals.
14. Juncus biglumis L. Open rocky slope, Gunsight Pass. Alaska to Mont, and Greenl.; also in Eur. and Asia.—Stems 2.5 to 10 cm. high, loosely tufted, very slender; leaves 2 to 5 mm. long, about 1 mm. thick; head 1, 1 to 4-flowered; sepals 3 to 3.5 mm. long; capsule longer than the sepals.
Apparently the species has not been reported before from the United States.
15. Juncus triglumis L. Iceberg Lake, in wet meadow near snow banks. Alaska to N, Mex., N. Y., and Lab.; also in Eur. and Asia.—Stems very slender, 5 to 15 cm. high, loosely tufted; leaves 1 to 5 cm. long, 0.5 to 1 mm. thick; head 1, 1 to 5-flowered; sepals 3 to 4 mm. long; capsule about as long as the sepals.
2. JT7NCOIDES Adans. Woodbush.
Perennials; leaves flat, hairy on the margins, at least at the base; flowers in loose panicles or in dense spikelike clusters, each flower with bractlets at the base, these usually toothed or lobed; stamens 6; capsule 1-celled; seeds not tailed.
Flowers sessile or nearly so in headlike or spikelike clusters.
Flowers in 1 to 3 dense spikelike clusters, these nodding; sepals dark brown.
1. J, spicatum.
Flowers in several long-stalked spikes, these forming a corymb; sepals straw-colored or pale brown 2. J. campestre.
Flowers, at least many of them, solitary and si end er-p edic eled, forming a loose panicle.
Sepals and capsule pale green; leaves thin, shining 3. J. parviflorum..
Sepals and capsule dark brown; leaves thick, dull.
Panicle drooping; seeds constricted at each end; sepals about 1.5 mm. long.
4. J. piperl.
Panicle erect; seeds not constricted; sepals about 3 mm. long . . 5. J. glabratum.
1. Juncoides splcatum (L.) Kuntze. Common above timber line in meadows or on rocky slopes; occasional at middle or even low altitudes on open slopes or in moist woods or thickets. Alaska to Calif., N. Mex., N. H., and Greenl.; also in Eur. and Asia. (Luzula spicata DC )—Stems slender, tufted, 10 to 30 cm. high, with 1 to 3 leaves; leaves 1 to 6 mm. wide; inflorescence 1 to 4 cm. long; sepals with thin pale margins; capsule shorter than the perianth.
2. Juncoides campestre (L.) Kuntze. Bel ton, in thin dry woods. Widely dis- tributed in N. Amer., Eur., and Asia. (J. comoaum Sheldon; Luzula campestris DC.)—Stems 15 to 40 cm. high, tufted; leaves 2 to 6 mm. wide; spikes 6 to 7 mm.
thick; sepals 2 to 3 mm. long; capsule nearly as long as the sepals; seeds with a pale spongy appendage at one end.
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