S. TOBBES1A
9. CZNNA L
1. Cinna latlfolia (Trevir.) Griseb. Reedosass. Common at low and middle altitudes, in moist woods or meadows. B. C. to Utah, N. C., and New!.; also in Eur.—Plants perennial, with simple erect culms, 1 meter or more tall, flat blades 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, and handsome drooping panicles 20 to 30 cm. long, the epikelets 3 to 4 mm. long, falling entire.
10. AGROSTXS L. Bentokass.
Plants perennial, with simple culms, flat blades, and open or contracted panicles of V-shaped spikelets, 2 to 4 mm. long, the glumes persistent after the fall of the
florets.
Floret nearly equaling the glumes. Palea developed 1. A. thurberiana.
Floret noticeably shorter than the glumes.
Plants producing running rootetocks; palea well developed .... 8. A. palnstris.
Plants without rootstocks; palea obsolete.
Panicle dense, its branches verticillate, with short branchlets spikelet-bearing to the base in their axils 3. A. eiarata.
Panicle loose and open, the branches naked at the base.
Panicle very diffuse, the lower branches commonly 10 cm. or more long.
4. A. hiemalis.
Panicle open but not diffuse, the lower branches rarely over 5 cm. long.
4a. A. hiemalis geminata, 1. Agrostls thurberiana Hitchc. At middle altitudes and above timber line, in moist soil. B. C. to Calif., Utah, and Mont.—Plants tufted, rather lax, the delicate culms 20 to 40 cm. tall, the soft blades mostly clustered at the base; panicles 5 to 8 cm. long, loosely flowered, the branches and branchlets flexuous, divaricate.
8. Agrostls palnstris Huds. Redtof. Common at low altitudes, in wet or moist soil, often in sphagnum bogs. Widely distributed in N. Amer., partly or wholly natu- ralized; often cultivated as a meadow or pasture grass; also in Eur. (ii. alba of American authors.)—Plants relatively stout, the culms mostly 50 cm, or more tall; blades rough, 3 to 6 mm. wide; panicle pyramidal, mostly purple and 10 to 20 cm. long, the rather closely flowered branches in distant fascicles on the main axis, the branchlets spreading in flower but contracted at maturity.
3. Agrostls exarata Trin. Chiefly at low and middle altitudes, but sometimes about timber line, in meadows or moist woods or along streams. Alaska to Calif,,
N. Mex., and Nebr.; also in Siberia. (X. grandis Trin.; A. aaperifolia Trin.)—Plants tufted, often rather stout, 30 to 75 cm. tall; blades rough, 2 to 5 mm. wide; panicle yellowish green, narrow, 10 to 20 cm. long, the short, densely flowered branches crowded in whorls, the lower distant, the upper close together; glumes long-pointed -
Plants at high altitudes are often low and delicate, with less densely flowered panicles.
4. Agrostls hiemalis (Walt.) B. S. P. Tickle grass. Common nearly everywhere at low and middle altitudes, in moist woods and thickets or in meadows. Alaska to Mex , Fla., and Lab.—Plants tufted, leafy at the base, 30 to 50 cm. tall; blades mostly less than 2 mm. wide; culms slender, brittle; panicles often nearly half the entire height of the plant and about as broad as long, the few capillary branches
widely spreading, spikelet-bearing toward the ends only.
At maturity the panicles break away and roll before the wind, scattering the seed.
4a. Agrostls hiemalis geminata (Trin.) Hitchc. Granite Park, on moist rocky slopes, and doubtless elsewhere. Alaska to Calif, and Colo. (A. geminata Trin.)—
Plants mostly not over 20 cm. tall; panicles less diffuse than in the species, the lemmas often awned from the back.
STANDLEY—FLORA OF GLACIER PARK. 285
11. CALAMAGROSTIS Adans. Reedobass.
Erect perennials resembling Agrosti), distinguished from that genus by the tuft of silky hairs at the base of the floret, by the well-developed palea, and by the development of a rachilla joint in the form of a little bristle back of the palea; lemma always awned from below the middle of the back.
Awn about twice as long as the glumes, geniculate. Panicles contracted, densely flowered; glumes 5 to 6 mm. long.
Blades coarse, 4 to 5 mm. wide; sheaths mostly overlapping; spikelets short- pediceled 1. C. puipurascens.
Blades 2 to 3 mm. wide, subin volute; sheaths not overlapping; most of the spikelets on pedicels nearly as long as the glumes ... 8. C. vaseyi.
Awn scarcely exceeding the glumes or included in them.
Panicle loose and nodding 6. C. canadensis.
Panicle contracted, rather densely flowered.
Leaves densely pubescent at the junction of sheath and blade; awn geniculate, protruding sidewise from the glumes; hairs at base of floret less than half as long as the lemma 3. C. rubescens.
Leaves glabrous at the junction of sheath and blade; awn straight, not protruding sidewise; hairs at base of floret copious, nearly as long as the lemma.
Blades rough, firm, 2 to 7 mm. wide . 4. C. in expanse.
Blades smooth, soft, not over 3 mm. wide 6. C. neglecta.
1. Calamagrostis purpurascens R. Br. Found at all altitudes, on shaded banks, rocky slopes, or cliffs. Alaska to Calif., Colo., S. Dak., and Greenl.—Plants in small tufts, 20 to 30 cm. tall, rather stout, the base of the culms clothed with old weather- worn leaves; panicle purplish, 5 to 10 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 cm. thick.
9. Calamagrostis vaseyi Beal. Collected on trail to Sperry'Glacier by Holzinger.
Wash, and Oreg. to Mont.—Plants in tufts, the knotty base with numerous leafy shoots, the culms sometimes spreading and geniculate below; panicle mostly tawny
or pale, less dense than in P. purpurascem,
3. Calamagrostis rubescens Buckl. At low and middle altitudes, in thin woods or on open slopes or rocks. B. C. and Alta. to Wyo. and Calif.—Plants in email tufts, 50 to 90 cm. tall, with numerous long rough blades 2 to 5 mm. wide, and pale or purplish, whining panicles 10 to 15 cm. long; glumes glabrous, acuminate.
4. Calamagrostis inexpansa A. Gray. Frequent at low altitudes, in woods. B. C.
and Wash, to Colo., N. J,, and N. Y.—Plants single or few together, often with running rootstocks; culms 0.7 to 1 meter or more tall; blades elongate, involute toward the very rough ends; panicles mostly tawny and 12 to 20 cm. long; glumes scabrous, abruptly acute.
5. Calamagrostis neglecta (Ehrh.) Gaertn. Collected in clearings at Summit by Griffiths. Alaska to Colo., Wis., Me., and Greenl.; also in Eur.—Plants more slender than in C. inevpansa, and not so tall, the foliage smooth and softer, the panicles on the average smaller.
6. Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. Frequent at low and middle altitudes, sometimes above timber line, in meadows or swamps. Alaska to Calif., N. Mex., N. C., and Newf.—Plants tufted and with running rootstocks, the numerous rough elongate blades 4 to 6 mm. wide; panicle 15 to 30 cm. long, about one-third as wide, the capillary branches drooping; hairs at the base of the floret copious and as long as the lemma; awn inconspicuous.
286 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
10. AIRA L. Hairqrass.
Erect perennial bunchgrasses with slender simple culms and shining few-flowered spikelets, the florets awned from the back below the middle.
Panicles long and narrow; blades filiform 1. A. elongata.
Panicle open, commonly nearly or quite as wide as long; blades not filiform.
Blades firm, folded, mostly 2 to 4 mm. wide 2, A. caespitosa.
Blades soft, flat, 5 to 10 mm. wide 8. A. atropurpurea.
1, Alia elongata Hook. At low and middle altitudes, in meadows or on open dopes. B. C. to Ariz, and Wyo. (Deschampsia elongata Munro.)—Plants 30 to 60 cm- tall, the loose narrow panicle being one-fourth to one-third the entire height of the
plant; spikelets commonly purple-tinged; awns exceeding the glumes.
S. Aira caespitosa L. Common at low altitudes, in meadows, on stream or lake banks, or on open hillsides. Alaska to Calif., N. Mex., N. J., and Newf.; also in Eur. and Asia. (Deschampsia caespitosa Beauv.)—Plants 20 to 60 cm. tall, often forming dense cushions, the spreading leaves mostly crowded toward the base of the culms; panicles with spreading capillary branches in distant fascicles; spikelets from pale to purplish bronze; awns inconspicuous.
3. Aira atropurpurea Wahl, At middle and high altitudes, in woods or on open slopes. Alaska to Calif., Colo., N. H., and Greenl.; also in Eur. (Deschampsia atro- purpurea Scheele.)—Plants 30 to 50 cm. tall, with abundant soft green foliage and drooping panicles, the purplish spikelets 5 mm. long, the bent awns about reaching the apex of the glumes.
13. TRISETUM Pers.
Erect perennials resembling Aira, the spikelets as in that genus, but the lemmas keeled, awned from the back above the middle (the awn obsolete in one species) and 2-toothed at the acute $pex.
Panicles loose, drooping or nodding; blades elongate, lax, 8 to 15 mm. wide. Awns more than twice as long as the spike let.
Panicle branches capillary, drooping, 5 to 10 cm. long 1. T. cernuum.
Panicle branches slender but rather stiffly ascending %. T. canescens.
Panicles mostly dense (if rather loose, the awns nearly obsolete), erect; blades rarely over 5 mm. wide.
Awns minute or obsolete 3. T. wolfli.
Awns conspicuous . 4. T, spicatum.
1. Trisetum cernuum Trin. Frequent at middle altitudes. Alaska to Calif, and Mont.—A woodland grass, often 1 meter tall, with drooping scabrous blades; panicle branches spikelet-bearing toward the ends only; spikelets about 1 cm. long, excluding the spreading awns; rachilla joints half as long as the florets.
B Trlsetum oaxtescens Buckl. At low and middle altitudes, in damp or rocky woods. B. C. and Mont, to Calif.—A woodland grass resembling the preceding, but the leaves softly pubescent, the panicle more densely flowered, the stiffer panicle branches spikelet-bearing nearly to the base, the rachilla joints short, bringing the florets close together in the spikelet.
8. Trlsetum. wotfii Vasey. At low and middle altitudes, in meadows or moist woods or on open slopes. Wash, to Calif., Colo., and Mont. (Graphephorum wolfii Vasey.)—Plants tufted, 60 to 90 cm. tall, leafy, the panicles mostly dense but not spikelike, the awns minute or obsolete.
4. Trlsetum spicatum (L.) Richt. Very common above timber line in meadows;
sometimes also at middle elevations. Alaska to Calif., N. Mex., N. H., and Greenl. j also in Eur. and Asia.—Plants densely tufted, 15 to 50 cm. tall, the foliage relatively scant and crowded toward the base, commonly grayish-velvety, the panicles dense spikelike, the awns spreading.
STA^DLEY—FLORA OF GLACIER PARK. 287
14. KOELEBIA Fers.
1. Koelerla cristata (L.) Fers. Junegrass. Common at low and middle altitudes, chiefly on open slopes. B. C. to Calif., Tex., and 111.; also in Eur. and Asia. (K.
gracilit Fers.)—An erect perennial bunchgraes, 25 to 40 cm. tall; leaves mostly confined to the lower half of the slender simple culms, the blades narrow, mostly flat; panicle 5 to 10 cm. long, dense, spikelike, shining.
This grass resembles species of Poa, even to having blades boat-shaped at the tip as in that genus. It may be distinguished by the sharp-pointed, indistinctly nerved lemmas and the ahimng white hyaline paleas. An important forage grass.