SO 8 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
S, NEHOPHZLA
7. GRATIOLA L
1. Ctr&tiola ebracteata Benth. Wet open places at cast entrance. B. C. to Calif, and Mont.—Annual, 3 to 15 cm. high, branched, nearly glabrous, with stout succulent stems; leaves linear or lanceolate, 1 to 3 cm. long, sessile, entire or finely toothed;
flowers in the axils of the leaves, stalked; corolla yellowish white, 6 to 8 mm. long.
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8. VERONICA L. Speedwell.
Annuals or perennials; leaves opposite, entire or toothed; flowers emajl, in racemes or spikes or solitary in the axils of the leaves; corolla flat, almost regularly 4-Iobed;
stamens 2; capsule flat, usually notched at the apex.
Flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves; plants annual . 1. V. peregrina xalapensls.
Flowers in spikes or racemes; plants perennial.
Racemes in the axils of the leaves.
Leaves short-petioled, ovate to oblong 2. V, americana.
Leaves sessile, linear or nearly so 3. V. scutellata.
Racemes terminal (at the ends of the stems).
Racemes loosely hairy, the flowers crowded; leaves all sessile; stems erect.
4. T. wormskjoldii.
Racemes minutely hairy, loosely flowered; lower leaves petioled; stems creeping.
6. T. serpyllifolia.
1. Veronica peregrina xalapensls (H. B. K.) Pennell. Purslane speedwell.
Frequent at low altitudes, in moist woods or thickets, on open slopes, or about ponds on prairie. B, C. to Mex. and Tex. (V. xalapensis H, B. K.)—Plants 10 to SO cm, high, usually branched, finely glandular-hairy; leaves linear to spatulate, finely toothed, the lowest ones short-petioled; corolla white, 2 to 3 mm. broad.
The typical form of the species is a native of Europe, and is naturalized in eastern North America.
2. Veronica americana Schwein. American bbooklime. Common at low and sometimes at middle altitudes, in wet woods or thickets or along streams and lakes, sometimes growing in water. Alaska to Calif,, N. Mex., Va., and Newf.—Plants usually branched and nearly prostrate, glabrous; leaves mostly toothed; flowers long- stalked; corolla blue or bluish white, 4 to 5 mm. broad.
3. Veronica scutellata L. Marsh speedwell. Frequent at low altitudes, in wet thickets or about ponds. B. C. to Calif., Colo., N. Y., and Newf.; also in Eur. and Asia.—Plants slender, often prostrate, glabrous or nearly so; leaves finely toothed or entire; corolla 6 to 8 mm. broad, blue; capsule notched at both ends.
4. Veronica wormskjoldii Roem. & Sehult. Alpine speedwell. Frequent in meadows above timber line, sometimes found in wet places at middle altitudes.
Alaska to N. Mex., S. Dak., N. H., and Greenl—Stems simple, 10 to 25 cm. high, hairy above; leaves oval or ovate, 1 to 3 cm. long, entire or with low rounded teeth;
corolla deep blue, 4 to 5 mm. broad.
The flowers are rather attractive, but the plants are usually half hidden by grasses and sedges. At Sexton Glacier many plants with pink flowers are found.
5. Veronica serpyllifolia L. Thyme-leap speedwell. Frequent at low and middle altitudes, in moist woods or thickets or along streams. Alaska to Calif., N. Mex., Ga., and Lab.; also in Eur. and Asia.—Plants 5 to 15 cm. high, with creeping stems; leaves oblong to rounded, 5 to 15 mm. long, entire or with low rounded teeth;
corolla whitish or pale blue, 3 to 4 mm, broad.
8. SYNTHYBIS Benth.
1. Synfhyiis wyomingensis (A. Nels.) Heller. Kittentailh. Occasional on the east slope at low altitudes, on dry rocky slopes or prairie. Idaho to Colo, and S. Dak.
(Besseya wyomingensis Rydb.)—Perennial, 15 to 30 cm. high, with woolly pubescence;
leaves mostly basal, long-petioled, ovate or oblong, 3 to 5 cm. long, with low rounded teeth; flowers in dense spikes; corolla none; stamens 2.
The flowers open early in the season.
408 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
10. CASTILLEJA Mutis. Indian paintbrush.
Perennials, often parasitic upon the roots of other plants; stems simple or with a few branches above; leaves sessile, entire or lobed, those among the flowers (bracts) colored with red or yellow; flowers in dense spikes; corolla 2-lipped, the upper lip (galea) long and narrow, the lower lip 3 lobed.—The species are poorly understood, and whether all those listed below are valid is doubtful. The bracts exhibit great variation in color in each species. It seems probable to the writer that the Bpecies hybridize freely. The plants, especially those with red bracts, are very showy, and
they are among the most conspicuous and abundant flowers of the park. In many places they are extremely abundant and offer an almost solid field of color.
Galea less than 3 times as long as the lip, half as long sis the corolla tube or shorter;
bracts tinged with yellow.
Leaves, at lease most of them, lobed 1. C. lutea.
Leaves entire, or only the uppermost lobed.
Stems 25 to 50 cm. high; spikes only slightly hairy, mostly with short hairs;
corolla about 2.5 cm. long 2. C. sulphurea.
Stems usually less than 20 cm. high; spikes very hairy, with long whitish hairs;
corolla about 1.8 cm. long 3. C. occidentals.
Galea several times longer than the very short lip, usually at least two-thirds as long, as the corolla tube; bracts tinged with red or pink, except in occasional abnormal plants.
Leaves, at least most of them, conspicuously lobed.
Cfcolla 2 to 2.5 cm. long, only slightly if at all longer than the bracts.
4. G. bradburyi.
Corolla about 3 cm. long, much lpnger than the bracts ... 6. C. ampliflora.
Leaves entire, or only the uppermost sometimes lobed.
Bracts entire, obtuse, broad, sometimes 3-lobed, but then with a broad obtuse middle lobe,
Corolla about 3 cm. long 6, C. rhexifolia.
Corolla 2 to 2.5 cm. long 7. C. lauta.
Bracts lobed, with narrow acute lobes, occasionally entire but then acute.
Corolla 3.5 to 4 cm. long 8. C. vreelandli.
Corolla 3 cm. long or shorter.
Corolla about 2 cm. long 9. G. miniata.
Corolla about 3 cm. long 10. C. lancilolia.
1. CastUleJa lutea Heller. Occasional at low altitudes, on prairie or open slopes.
Wash, to Mont.—Stems simple, 20 to 30 cm. high, hairy; leaves 2 to 5 cm, long, 3 or 5 ribbed; corolla about 2.5 cm. long; bracts pale sulphur-yellow.
. 3. Castilleja sulphurea Rydb. Occasional on the east slope at low altitudes, on prairie or open hillsides. Mont, to Utah, N. Mex., and S. Dak.—Stems finely hairy, often branched; leaves lanceolate, 3 to 5 cm. long, 3-ribbed.
8. Castilleja occidentalis Torr. Common above timber line, in meadows or on rock slides. B. C. and Alta. to Colo.—Stems 10 to 20 cm. high, simple, usually tufted, finely hairy below; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 1.5 to 4 cm. long; bracts pale yellow-green or sometimes dirty pink.
4. Castilleja bradboryl (Nutt.) Don. Occasional on the east slope at low and middle altitudes, in thin woods or on open hillsides. B. C. to Or eg., Wyo., and Mont.—Stems 20 to 40 cm. high, sometimes branched, usually in clumps; leaves 3-ribbed, 3 to 5 cm. long, with few linear lobes; bracts scarlet or sometimes orange or bright yellow.
The plants are scattered and it is unusual to find many in a place. This is the only species of the park which has distinctly scarlet bracts.
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6. Castilleja ampliflora Rydb. Occasional in woods or thickets at low altitudes;
the type was collected between McDonald and Camas lakes. Mont.—Stems 30 to 40 cm. high, hairy; leaves 2 to 5 cm. long, hairy; bracts crimson.
6, Castilleja rhexifolia Rydb. Frequent at low, middle, and high altitudes, usually in moist meadows. Alaska to Colo, and Sask.—Stems 30 to 50 cm. high, simple, usually glabrous below, hairy above; leaves lanceolate or ovate, 3 to 5 cm.
long, 3 or 5-nerved; bracts magenta or pale crimson.
7. Castilleja lauta A. Nels. Common above timber line, in meadows; occasionally found in moist meadows at middle altitudes. Oreg. to Colo, and Mont.—Stems 20 to 40 cm. high, usually glabrous below and hairy above, often clustered; leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 2 to 5 cm. long; bracts pale or deep crimson-pink, sometimes pinkish white or yellow-green tinged with pink.
S. Castilleja vxeelandii Rydb. Occasional on the west slope at low or middle altitudes; the type was collected between McDonald and Camas lakes. Wash, to Wyo. and Mont.—Stems 40 to 70 cm. high, glabrous or nearly so; leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 4 to 9 cm. long, 3 or 5-ribbed.
9. Castilleja miniata Benth. Frequent at nearly all altitudes, in meadows, woods, or thickets or on open slopes. Wash, to Mont, and Sask.—Stems 40 to 60 cm. high, sometimes branched above, hairy or nearly glabrous; leaves lanceolate or linear, 3 to 7 cm. long; bracts crimson-pink or rarely pale pink or nearly scarlet.
10. Castilleja lancilolia Rydb. Frequent at low, middle, or high altitudes, in meadows or thickets or on open slopes. Alaska to Oreg., Colo., and Alta.—Sterna usually solitary, 30 to 70 cm. high, sparsely hairy or glabrous, often branched above;
leaves lanceolate, 3-nerved, 3 to 6 cm. long; bracts crimson or pink, or sometimes almost scarlet.
This and the five preceding species are alike in general appearance, and it is hard to distinguish them in the field. They grow together and seem to be about equally abundant.
11. OBTHOCABPUS Nutt.
1. Orfhocarpus luteus Nutt. Owl-clover. Low prairie at east entrance. B. 0.
to Ariz, and Nebr.—Annual, 10 to 30 cm. high, simple or branched, hairy; leaves alternate, linear or linear-lanceolate, 1.5 to 4 cm. long, usually entire; flowers in
dense leafy spikes; corolla yellow, 10 to 15 mm. long, 2-lipped.
This was used by the Blackfoot Indians for dyeing gopher skins red. The plant, was macerated and pressed firmly upon the skin.