S. TOBBES1A
19. MEL1CA L
Rather tall perennials with simple culms, narrow flat blades, and open or narrow panicles; spikelets relatively large, the glumes thin, the lemmas firm, with strong nerves.
Lemmas awned from a 2-toothed apex; panicle branches long and divergent; culms not thickened at base 4. M, wmittiH Lemmas awnless; panicle branches ascending; culms with a cormlike base.
Spikelete narrow; lemmas acuminate . 8. M. subulate.
Spikelets broad; lemmas obtuse or abruptly acute.
Pedicels capillary, flexuouB 1. M. spectabilis.
Pedicels stouter, appressed 8. M. bella.
1. Melica spectabills Scribn. Oniok grass. At middle altitudes, in meadows or thin woods. B. C. to Oreg., Colo., and Mont.—Culms tall and slender, from an onion-shaped base; panicle nodding, the beautiful bronze-purple spikelets about 12 mm. long.
8, Melica bella Piper. West slope, in meadows at middle altitudes. Wash, and Oreg. to Colo, and Alta.—Plants resembling the preceding, but not so tall, the culm bases less thickened, the panicles stiffer, and the spikelets somewhat smaller.
3. Melica subulata (Griseb.) Scribn. At low altitudes, in thin woods or on open slopes. Alaska to Calif, and Mont.—Culms commonly 1 meter tall, the base a little thickened; panicles elongate, the stiff branches ascending, the pale spikelets on short erect pedicels.
4. Melica smithtt (Porter) Vasey. At low and middle altitudes, in woods. Wash, and Oreg. to Wyo. and Mich.—A tall slender woodland grass with lax blades and few-flowered, very open, nodding panicles.
80. DISTICHLIS Raf.
1. Disttohlis spioata (L.) Greene. Saltqrass. East entrance, frequent in alkali spots about dried-up pools on prairie. Widely distributed in N. Amer.—A low, rather pale, sod-forming perennial, with numerous stiff spreading blades and narrow compact panicles of smooth spikelets, the pistillate shorter and broader the staminate.
81. POA L. Blusorass.
Slender grasses with, simple, mostly erect culms, narrow blades with boat-shaped tips, and open or compact panicles of relatively small spikelets.
Plants annual, low 1. P. annua.
Plants perennial.
Plants producing rootstocks and forming a sod.
Culms conspicuously flattened, wiry; panicle rather narrow and compact.
8. P. compressa.
Culms terete or nearly so; panicle open.
Spikelets mostly less than 6 mm. long; lemmas pubescent en the nerves and with a cottony tuft at base 3. P. pratensis.
Spikelets mostly 8 to 10 mm. long; lemmas glabrous on the nerves and not cottony at base 4. P. wheeled.
Plants not producing rootstocks; bunchgiasses.
Lemmas pubescent on the nerves and sometimes cottony at base.
Lemmas cottony at base (with a few long fine crinkly hairs) distinct from the pubescence of the nerves.
STA2TDLEY—FLORA OF GLACIER PARK. 289
Plants slender and lax, growing in mossy bogs, the culms ample or few in a tuft; sheaths slightly retrose-scabrouB; panicle open, the few branches slender and drooping, bearing spikelets toward the ends.
5. P. leptocoma.
Plants erect and firm, sometimes decumbent at base; sheaths glabrous;
panicle erect or nodding, much branched.
Culms erect at base, the sheaths terete; panicles usually averaging less than 10 cm. long 8. P, crocata.
Culms decumbent at base, the lower sheaths compressed-keeled; panicle often 30 cm. long, usually over 10 cm. long 7. P. palustrls.
Lemmas not cottony at base, though the pubescence on the nerves may be more dense toward the base *. P. alpina.
Lemmas not pubescent on the nerves, sometimes pubescent all over the lower part of the back.
Lemmas glabrous; panicle narrow and compact, almost spikelike.
9, P. epilis.
Lemmas pubescent on the lower part, convex on the back; panicle rather open.
Culms spreading and loosely decumbent at base ... 10, P. gracilllma.
Culms erect at base.
Leaves mostly basal, a reduced blade about the middle of the slender naked culm; blades folded . . . 11. P. sandbergii.
Leaves scattered along the tall culm; blades flat 12. P. lncida.
1. Poa annua L. Annual bluegrass. Open places along McDonald Creek.
Widely distributed in N. Amer., Eur., and Asia.—Plants in tufts or mats, with glossy green foliage and small pale open panicles.
Blooming earlier than any other grass in the region.
8. Poa compressa L. Canada bluegrass. About Belton and the east entrance, in waste ground; adventive. Widely naturalized in N. Amer.; native of Eur. and Asia.—Plants bluish green, with flat culms and rather scant foliage; spikelets green»
with bronze tips.
8. Poa pratensls L. Kentucky bluegrass. Frequent at low and middle alti- tudes, in meadows or thin woods; planted for lawns at Belton and elsewhere. Widely distributed in N. Amer., Eur., and Asia; in N. Amer., at least in part, naturalized from Eur.—Plants leafy, the culms 30 to 70 mm. tall; panicles pyramidal, nearly as broad as long, the lower branches mostly in fives.
4. Poa wheeleri Vasey. Belton, in open woods. B. C. to Colo, and Alta.—Plants resembling the preceding, on the average taller and coarser, with larger panicle, its lower branches mostly in twos.
5. Poa leptocoma Trin. Above or near timber line, in meadows or woods or on open slopes. Alaska to Wash, and Colo.—Plants in loose tufts, with weak culms, soft blades, and few-flowered, very open panicles.
6. Poa crocata Michx. Common at low and middle altitudes, in woods or meadows.
Alaska to Ariz., Mont., and Lab.—Plants in dense tufts, the rather wiry culms 40 to 75 cm. tall, the rather small purplish spikelets on short divergent pedicels, giving the panicle a delicate lacy aspect.
7. Poa palustrls L. East entrance, in aspen thicket. Widely distributed in N. Amer., Eur., and Asia. (P. trifiora Gilib.)—Culms commonly 70 to 100 cm. tall, often decumbent at base; blades somewhat scabrous; panicles nodding, with slender branches in distant fascicles, the small spikelets commonly bronze or golden.
8. Poa alpina L. Common, chiefly above timber line, but sometimes at low or middle altitudes, in woods or meadows or along streams. Alaska to Colo., Que., and Greenl.; also in Eur. and Asia.—Plants densely tufted, commonly with a
290 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
cushion of soft foliage at base, the short blades spreading; panicles rather densely flowered, the broad spikeleta commonly purple or bronze.
9. Poa epilis Scribn. Frequent above timber line, in meadows. B. C. to Colo, and Mont.—Plants pale, in dense leafy tufts, the blades narrow, flexuous, folded, rough; panicles dense, pale, and shining.
10. Poa gracillima Vasey. Frequent above or near timber line, in meadows or on rocky slopes, B. 0. to Calif, and Mont.—Plants in loose bunches with a mass of spreading foliage at the base, the culms commonly 25 to 40 cm. tall, the pale purple*
tinged spikeleta 6 to 10 mm, long.
11. Poa sandbergii Vasey. At high and middle altitudes, in meadows or on rocky slopes. B. C. to Calif., Colo., and Mont.—Plants in small dense tufts, often purplish at base, the leaves crowded at the base, the short blades commonly curled, the flexuous
panicles mostly 5 to 8 cm. long, the spikeleta ashy-purple.
18. Poa luclda Vasey. Belton, in open gravelly soil. Alta. to N. Mex. and S, Dak.—Plants in dense tufts, with slightly scabrous blades and narrow pale shining panicles, the short erect branches spikelet-bearing from near the base.
83. PANICTTLABIA Fabr.
Tall marsh grasses with flat blades and open panicles, the spikeleta with short thin glumes and strongly nerved, obtuse lemmas.
Spikeleta linear, 12 mm. or more long, pale 1. P. borealis, Spikeleta oval, not over 6 mm. long, dark green or purple.
Lemmas with 5 prominent nerves, the summit white and delicate.
2. P. pauciflora.
Lemmas with 7 prominent nerves, only the very tip delicate.
Blades mostly 3 to 7 mm. wide 3. P. nervate.
Blades 8 to 10 mm. wide 4. P. nerrata elata.
1. Panicularia borealis Nash. Bog at Johns Lake, Vreeland. Alaska to Calif., N. Mex., N. Y., and Me. {Glyceria borealis Batchelder.)—Culms commonly 1 meter tall, rather thick and lush; blades ascending, 5 to 8 mm. wide; panicle 20 to 40 cm, long, the rather few slender branches stiffly ascending or spreading, the spikelets
short-pediceled toward their ends.
8. Panicularia pauciflora (Presl) Kuntze. At low altitudes, in swamps or along streams. B. C. to Calif., Colo., and Mont. {Glyceria pauciflora Proel.)—Plants rather stout, 40 to 80 cm. tall, with creeping rootstocks, rough spreading blades 8 to 12 mm.
wide, and nodding many-flowered panicles with flexuous branches; spikelets 4 to 6 mm. long, the white summits of the lemmas contrasting with the green or purple
body.
3. Panicularia nervata (Willd.) Kuntze. At low altitudes, in wet soil. Alaska to Mex., Fla., and Lab. (Glyceria nervata Trin.)—Culms 60 to 100 cm. tall, often in large clumps; blades spreading; panicles drooping; spikelets 3 to 4 mm. long.
4. Panicularia nervata elata (Nash) Piper. At low and middle altitudes, in wet soil. B. C. to Calif, and Mont. {Glyceria elata Qitchc.)—Plants on the average taller than in the preceding, with broader laxer blades and larger panicle, the spikelets 4 to 5 mm. long.
83. PtTC CINELL1A Parl.
1. Puccinellia nuttalliana (Schult.) Bitchc. East entrance, in low alkali spots on prairie. B. C. to Calif., N. Mex., and N. Dak.—A tufted slender perennial with narrow blades and a relatively large, erect panicle with slender stiff flexuous spread- ing branches naked at the base; spikelets grayish purple, 4 to 7 mm. long.
STANDLEY—FLORA OF GLACIER PARK. 291
84. FESTUCA L. Fescue.
Perennials (in this region), commonly tufted, with narrow blades and open or contracted panicles.
Plants with stout rootstocks. Lemmas awnless 1. F. conflnis.
Plants tufted, without rootstocks (dark red rootstocks sometimes developed in no. 3).
Blades flat, broad, and thin 2. F. subulata.
Blades narrow or involute, usually rather stiff.
Blades smooth.
Culms slender and decumbent at the reddish base; blades not filiform.
3. F. rubra.
Culms not decumbent and red at base; blades filiform.
Plants 50 cm. or more tall 4, F. occidentalis.
Plants mostly less than 20 cm. tall 6. F. brachyphylla.
Blades very rough.
Lemmas awnless, 6 to 7 mm. long; blades not filiform .... 6. F. scabrella.
Lemmas a weed; blades filiform.
Plants usually 40 cm. or more tall; blades 15 to 25 cm. long.
7. F. idahoensis.
Plants usually less than 30 cm. tall; blades 5 to 10 cm. long.
S. F. saximontana.
1. Festuca conflnis Yasey. Hills at east entrance, Vmbach. Oreg. and Calif, to Colo, and Mont.—Plants in large clumps, 50 to 80 cm. tall, relatively stout, with firm flat blades and narrow, rather compact, pale panicles; glumes thin and shining;
lemmas very scabrous.
2. Festuca subulata Bong. At low and middle altitudes, in moist woods. Alaska to Calif., Colo., and Mont.—A slender lax woodland grass, with soft blades and open drooping panicle; spikelets about 1 cm. long, excluding the slender awns, these as
long as the body of the lemma.
3. Festuca rabra L. Granite Park, on open moist rocky slope, and doubtless elsewhere. Alaska to Colo., Va., and Greenl.; also in Eur. and Asia.—Plants in loose clumps, the basal sheaths commonly shredded; culms usually 40 to 50 cm. tall;
panicles somewhat nodding, the slender branches spreading, rather compactly flowered toward the ends; spikelets dull or grayish purple, short-awned.
4. Festuca occidentalis Hook. Frequent at low and middle altitudes, in thin woods or on open slopes. B. C. to Calif., Wyo., and Mont.—Culms 50 to 75 cm. tall, with a dense tuft of laxly spreading filiform blades at base; panicles open, nodding, the long-awned spikelets borne toward the ends of the few slender branches.
5. Festuca brachyphylla Schult. Above timber line, in meadows or on rocky slopes. Alaska to Calif., N. Mex., Vt., and Greenl.—Plants in dense tufts or cushions, the leaves crowded at the base; panicles narrow, mostly rather compact, the spikelets short-awned.
6. Festuca scabrella Torr. Grassy slopes, at middle altitudes. B. C. and Wash, to Colo, and Mont.—Plants densely tufted, pale, the blades elongate, rather wiry;
panicles nodding, the branches ascending.
7. Festuca idahoensis Elmer. Frequent at low and middle altitudes, on prairie or open slopes. Idaho and Mont.—Culms few together, from a dense tuft of rough, laxly spreading, filiform blades; panicles loose, nodding; spikelets short-awned.
Resembles no. 4, but readily distinguished by the very rough blades.
8. Festuca sazimontana Rydb. Rocky slopes about Lake McDermott. B. C. to Colo, and Mich.—In dense tufts or cushions; like the preceding, but culms and
blades usually less than half as tall; panicles narrow, the spikelets smaller.
292 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
26. BBOHUS L. Brome grass.
Erect annuals or perennials, with flat blades and several to many-flowered, rela- tively large spikelets, borne in open or narrow panicles.
Plants annual, introduced weeds.
Culms in low tufts; spikelets long-awned.
Spikelets villous 1. B. tectorum.
Spikelets glabrous or nearly so la. B. tectonun nudus.
Culms 50 cm. or more tall; spikelets shor1>awned 0. B. secalinus.
Plants perennial, native except no. 5.
Spikelets strongly flattened, the glumes compressed-keeled.
Lemmas glabrous or scabrous only 3. B. polyanthus.
Lemmas pubescent 4. B. marginstus, Spikelets not flattened, the glumes convex.
Plants with creeping rootstocks.
Lemmas glabrous, mostly awnless 5. B. lnermis.
Lemmas pubescent on the margin, ehort-awned 6. B. pumpellianus.
Plants without rootstocks.
Ligule prominent, 3 to 5 mm. long 7. B. vulgaris.
Ligule obscure, about 1 mm. long 8. B. richardsonii.
1. Bromus tectomm L. Bel ton, in waste ground. Native of Eur.; widely naturalized in N. Amer.—Plants often in extensive colonies, softly pubescent, with conspicuously drooping panicles of narrowly V-shaped, long-awned spikelets.
Young plants rather handsome but becoming unsightly in age; the awned florets injurious to grazing animals.
la. Bromus tectorum nudns Klett & Richt. East entrance, on open slopes.
Native of Eur.; naturalized in N. Amer.—Plants less pubescent than in the species, the spikelets glabrous or nearly so.
This and the typical form are very common in the park at low altitudes, in culti- vated or waste ground and on open slopes.
2. Bromus secalinus L. Chess or cheat. Belton, in gravelly open ground.
Native of Eur.; widely naturalized in N. Amer., especially in grain fields.—Plants glabrous; panicles nodding, with rather heavy plump glabrous spikelets.
3. Bromus polyanthus Scribn. At middle altitudes, in woods. Oreg. to N. Mex.
and Mont.—Plants tufted, leafy, commonly 1 meter or more tall, with flat lax blades and narrow, rather stiff panicles; lemmas with shining yellowish margins and short awns.
4. Bromus marglnatus Nees. Common at low and middle altitudes, in woods or on open slopes. B. C. to Calif., Ariz., and Alta.—Plants in small tufts, 60 to 100 cm.
tall, with elongate blades, 5 to 12 mm. wide, and rather stiff panicles, the purplish short-awned spikelets 2.5 to 4.5 cm. long.
5. Bromus lnermis Leyss. East entrance, on dry bank. Native of Eur.; adven- tive in N. Amer.—Culms commonly 1 meter or more tall, with glabrous leaves and
many-flowered panicles, the numerous branches whorled and ascending, the spikelets loosely flowered, rather soft, oblong, 2 to 3 cm. long.
6. Bromus pumpellianus Scribn. At low and middle altitudes, sometimes about timber line, on prairie or open slopes. Alaska to Colo, and S. Dak.—Culms 50 to 100 cm. tall, the leaves more or less pubescent; panicle narrow, the fascicled branches often spikelet-bearing nearly to the base; spikelets 2 to 3 cm. long.
7. Bromus vnlgaris (Hook.) Shear. At low and middle altitudes, in woods or on open slopes. B, C. to Calif, and Mont.—A slender, yellowish green, woodland grass with softly pubescent leaves and nodding panicles, the spikelets pubescent and with slender awns.
STANDLEY—FLORA OF GLACIER PARK. 293
8. Bromus richardsonii Link. Common at low and middle altitudes, in woods or meadows. B. 0. to N. Mex. and Sask.—Plants rather robust, 1 meter or more tall;
blades elongate, glabrous or nearly so; panicles drooping, the slender flexuous branches fascicled; spikelets 2 to 3 cm. long, on flexuous pedicels.
26. AGROPYRON Gaertn. Wheatgrass.
Erect perennials with simple culms and slender, mostly erect spikes.
Plants with creeping rootstocks, forming a tough sod.
Lemmas pubescent 1. A. dasystachyum.
Lemmas glabrous 2. A. smith!!.
Plants without rootstocks; bunchgrassee.
Blades, or most of them, involute.
Lemmas awned 3. A, spicatum.
Lemmas awnless 4. A. inerme.
Blades flat or involute-pointed only.
Spikelets awned 6. A. caniaum.
Spikelets awnless.
Spikes slender, the spikelets rather distant, green 6, A. tenerum.
Spikes relatively short and thick, the spikelets closely overlapping, usually violet-tinged 7. A. violaceum.
1. Agropyron dasystachyum (Hook.) Scribn. Collected at Summit by Griffiths.
Idaho to Sask. and Wis.—Culms 50 to 100 cm. tall, with narrow, commonly somewhat involute blades, and grayish spikes 8 to 15 cm. long; lemmas awnless.
3. Agropyron smithi! Rydb. Colorado blue stem. Frequent on the east slope at low or middle altitudes, on prairie or open hillsides. B. C. to Ariz., Tex., and Mo.—Culms 40 to 100 cm, tall, rather wiry; blades firm, more or leas involute;
spikes 10 to 15 cm. long, the spikelets overlapping, the lemmas firm, sharp-pointed.
3, Agropyron spicatum (Pursh) Scribn. & Smith. Frequent at low and middle altitudes, on open slopes or prairie. Yukon to Calif., N. Mex., and Mich.—Culms in dense tufts, slender, wiry; blades usually elongate; spike slender, the axis some- times flexuous; lemmas with a divergent awn 1.5 to 3 cm. long.
4. Agropyron Inerme (Scribn. & Smith) Rydb. Granite Park, on open rocky slopes. B. C. to Utah and Wyo.—Plants resembling the preceding, but the lemmas
blunt or with an occasional one awned.
6. Agxopyion caninum (L.) Beau v. Frequent at nearly all altitudes, on prairie or open slopes or in woods. Calif, to N. Mex., Mich., and N. S.; also in Eur.—Culms 60 to 100 cm. tall, often rather robust; blades 3 to 8 mm. wide; spike sometimes elongate, usually dense, often somewhat 1-sided because of the twisting of the axis;
awns slender, 10 to 25 cm. long.
6. Agropyron tenerum Vasey. At low and middle altitudes, on open slopes or in woods. B. C. to Calif., N. Mex., and Minn.—Plants commonly in large clumps, 60 to 100 cm. tall; blades 3 to 6 mm. wide; spike slender, mostly 15 to 20 cm. long, often nodding at the summit.
7. Agropyron violaceum (Hornem.) Lange. Frequent, chiefly above timber line, but also in exposed places at middle altitudes. Alaska to N. Mex., Nebr., N. Y., and Greenl.—Culms mostly less than 60 cm. tall, often geniculate at base; blades rela- tively thin; spike mostly short and thick, with crowded, rather soft spikelets.