ANP FRAMEWORK
6. CONCLUSION
The conclusions of the results of this study are:
1. The main priority of the problem and solution for the development of halal tourism in West Nusa Tenggara is the Government aspect in the form of brand problems, followed by the community aspect in the form of knowledge issue and the hotel, travel and halal food aspect in the form of halal food issues.
2. The priority of the solution of the Brand problem on the Government aspect is that it must immediately determine and create a halal tourism brand in Indonesia in general, and West Nusa Tenggara in particular. The priority solution to the problem of the lack of public knowledge about the location of halal tourist destinations is to promote the location of halal tourist destinations in West Nusa Tenggara to the wider community, initiated by the local Regional Government. The priority of the solution to the problem of the high cost of halal certification is the collaboration between the association of entrepreneurs in restaurants, restaurants, or food and beverage processing businesses and the local government in terms of providing facilities and low cost for handling halal certification.
3. The main strategy in order to develop halal tourism in West Nusa Tenggara is a strategy related to aspects of promotion. This Promotion Strategy focuses more on allocating the budget for the promotion of halal tourism from the Central and Regional Governments, namely by including elements of the promotion of halal tourism in the APBN and APBD.
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143 Aknowledgements
We thank to Directorate of General for Strengthening Research and Development, the Ministry of Research and Technology Republic Indonesia, Higher Education (DIKTI) for providing this research.
Prof. Dr. Nurul Huda, SE, MM, M.Si is The Head of Magister Management Programme in YARSI University, Jakarta. His current research interest include Islamic Ecomonic and Finance. He has published many articles in news papers and magazine about Sharia economics, also scientific papers on Islamic Economics theme which has been published in national and international scientific journal. He has published several books, such as An Exclusive Introduction to Islamic Economics, Islamic Capital Market Investment, Islamic Macroeconomics: Theoritical Approach, Current Issue of Islamic Financial Institution, Islamic Financial Institution: Theoritical and Practical Review, Islamic Public Finance Approach Abu Yusuf Al-Kharaj, etc. He is also active as speaker at national forums in theme related to Islamic Economics.
Nova Rini, SE, M.Si, She is currently has a lecturing positions at STIE Muhammadiyah, Jakarta, since 2009. She also had position as The Chaiman of STIE Muhammadiyah Research Institute until 2015. Her current research interest is on Islamic Economics, involved in several scientific research and community engagement programme related to Sharia Economics funded by DIKTI and Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta.
Dr. Muslikh is currently has a lecturing positions at YARSI University. His current research interest is on Islamic Economics, involved in several scientific research and community engagement programme related to Sharia Economics and management.
Slamet Hidayat, ST, M.Si is recently graduated from the School of Global Strategic Studies, University of Indonesia. He is a business and research development manager at PT Digital Media Labs (DMLabs)
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PROTECTION TOWARD INDONESIAN UNDOCUMENTED MIGRANT WORKERS FROM EXPLOITATION
Akhmad Ikraam1, Zul Karnen2
1,2 Universitas Al Azhar Indonesia Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Indonesia as one of the biggest countries that has migrantworkers working throughout the world. A large number of Indonesian Workers are placed in Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Hong Kong, and other countries. The United Nations defines migrant workers as people who are involved or have been involved in activities paid outside of their home countries. However, most factual cases show that many Indonesian Workers work outside Indonesia without complete documents. Migration is a phenomenon that has occurred for centuries since the time of human civilization. The global agenda views labor migration as an inseparable process of development, which makes migration a positive potential to support development. At present, the issue of migrant workers is considered in a political and economic perspective. Economic aspects are one of the many factors that influence people to work abroad. Based on the explanation above, we can conclude that undocumented migrant workers are people who work outside their own country without documents or legal status. They carry out their work outside their own country without being equipped with a supporting document from their home country and permission from the country where they work. The phenomenon of undocumented migrant workers is very important because this group of people always increases every year. The number of undocumented migrant workers always increases due to various factors. There are two main factors that cause people to become undocumented migrant workers. The first is internal factors, this is a factor that occurs due to one's own wishes from people who want to become undocumented migrant workers such as economic problems, legal obstacles, difficult requirements to become migrant workers and so on that make people intentionally cross the country. the border to come to the recipient country and work there without documents, or intentionally follow unauthorized migrant worker agents to work abroad, or go abroad on other visas and then work there without official work documents. This makes them initially become undocumented migrant workers because they have arrived in the destination country. The second is external factors, these factors are different from internal factors, because these factors come from other parties not people who are undocumented migrant workers like us, they are victims of trafficking or agents of migrant workers without permission. Without knowing the fact that they are sold to their employers, they run away from their employers without official documents, they continue to work after their visas expire and are not extended, and so on.
Keywords: Indonesian Workers. Human rights. International law
ISBN Number: 978-623-90930-6-8
150 1. PENDAHULUAN
Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa mendefinisikan pekerja migran sebagai orang yang terlibat atau telah terlibat dalam kegiatan yang diupah di luar dari negara asal mereka. Ini berarti bahwa pekerja migran tidak berdokumen adalah orang-orang yang meninggalkan negara mereka sendiri secara ilegal dan bekerja di luar negara mereka tanpa dokumen hukum apa pun. Istilah 'tidak berdokumen' berarti bahwa mereka tidak memiliki dokumen hukum untuk menjalankan pekerjaan di luar negara mereka sendiri.
Kementerian Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi Indonesia telah mengeluarkan peraturan menteri No. 44A/MEN/2002 tentang penempatan dan perlindungan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia yang kemudian diganti dengan UU No. 39 tahun 2004 tentang Penempatan dan Perlindungan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia di Luar Negeri.
Namun demikian, sebagian besar kasus faktual menunjukkan bahwa banyak Tenaga Kerja Indonesia tidak memiliki niat untuk mematuhi hukum yang berlaku.
Oleh karena itu, situasi ini menimbulkan masalah pekerja migran ilegal (pekerja migran tidak berdokumen).
Ada beberapa faktor yang membuat orang lebih suka bekerja di luar negeri.
Aspek ekonomi adalah salah satu dari banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi orang untuk memilih bekerja di luar negeri. Itu karena sulitnya dalam mendapatkan pekerjaan dan memiliki penghasilan yang sesuai di Indonesia. Faktor lain adalah keterbatasan ketersediaan pekerjaan. Bahkan ada lebih banyak pekerja yang tersedia daripada lowongan pekerjaan. Undang-undang nomor 39 tahun 2004 Penempatan dan Perlindungan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia di Luar Negeri mengatur prosedur untuk mendapatkan izin menjadi Tenaga Kerja Indonesia. Faktor terakhir keluar dari hukum yang berlaku. Undang-undang menyumbangkan beberapa kesulitan kepada orang-orang yang meminta izin untuk menjadi Tenaga Kerja Indonesia.
Beberapa kesulitan dapat ditemukan dengan menganalisis kondisi untuk menjadi Tenaga Kerja Indonesia sebagaimana ditentukan oleh hukum. Misalnya akses minimum untuk pendidikan, kesulitan untuk lulus tes seleksi untuk menjadi pekerja migran Indonesia, dan sebagainya. Kesulitan-kesulitan itu memaksa orang untuk memilih bekerja secara ilegal di luar negeri karena kesulitan yang didapatkan dari hukum yang berlaku.
Tujuan penelitian mempelajari dan mengetahui lebih dalam fenomena pekerja migran tidak berdokumen khususnya tenaga kerja Indonesia tidak berdokumen serta menganalisa hukum internasional yang melindungi hak-hak tenaga kerja migran tidak berdokumen.
Dari dua hal tersebut di atas maka rumusan masalah yang diungkap dalam penelitian ini adalah: pertama, Bagaimana kondisi Tenaga Kerja Indonesia tidak berdokumen? Kedua, Bagaimana status Tenaga Kerja Indonesia tidak berdokumen ditinjau dari Hukum Internasional?
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151 2. METODE PENELITIAN
Berdasarkan judul dan permasalahan yang diteliti, jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif atau penelitian hukum kepustakaan. Penelitian hukum normatif adalah penelitian yang mengkonsepkan hukum sebagai apa yang tertulis dalam peraturan perundang-undangan (law in books) atau hukum sebagai kaidah atau norma yang merupakan patokan perilaku manusia yang dianggap pantas.
Penulisan hukum jenis ini dilakukan dengan meneliti pada data sekunder bidang hukum yang ada sebagai data kepustakaan dengan menggunakan metode berpikir deduktif dan kriterium kebenaran koheren yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan hukum tersier yang berkaitan dengan obyek penelitian. Bahanbahan hukum itu disusun secara sistematis, dikaji dan ditarik suatu kesimpulan sesuai dengan masalah yang diteliti.