THE CLUSTERING OF CONSUMER HALAL AWARENESS CASE: COSMETIC PRODUCTS
5. DISCUSSION
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halal products based on Islamic teachings in accordance with the data obtained in table 7 that respondents in all four clusters have the same perception of halal products.
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Based on the results of the above research, it can be concluded that the consumer respondents of cosmetics users are divided into four clusters that have characteristics based on age and income characteristics having a high level of awareness of the necessity of using cosmetics products labeled halal as a whole and also making obedience to religion which requires using halal products, halal products are also considered as products that can maintain a healthy body but based on these conditions the level of purchase of halal cosmetics is still relatively rarely used because at the time the product halal purchase decision process is not yet a top priority of consumers. For further reseach this determination can be used as a reference for researching the relationship between variables that influence purchasing decisions that consider demographic indicators as a reference for the formation of consumption pattern.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Alam, A., Arshad, M. U., & Shabbirle, S. A. (2012). Brand credibility, customer loyalty and the role of religious orientation. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 24(4).
Arli, D., & Pekerti, A. (2017, September). Who is more ethical? Cross Cultural comparisson of cosumer ethics between religious and non -religious consumer. Journal of COnsumer Bahavior, 16, 82-98.
Aziz, Y. A., & Vui, C. N. (2012). The Role of Halal Awareness and Halal Certification in Influencing Non Muslim Intention. 3rd International Conference on Bussiness and Economic Research, (pp. 1819-1830).
Bandung.
Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia. (2011). Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa , Agama dan Bahasa Sehari-hari Hasil Sensus Penduduk tahun 2010. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia.
Erdem, T., Swait, J., & Valenzuela, A. (2006). Brand as Signals : A cross- Country Validation Study. Journal of Marketing(70).
Ester, F., & Sudarsana, I. K. (2015). Peranan Sertifikasi Halal Bagi Konsumen Dalam Aspek Perlidungan konsumen. Kertha Semaya, 3(02).
Hajipun, B., Gharache, M., Hamidizadeh, M. R., & Mohammadian, F. (2015).
Raising Halal Cosmetic Awareness among the respective consumer.
Iternational Journal of Academic Research on Bussines and Social Science, 5(7), 338-349.
Kementerian Pedagangan Republik Indonesesia. (2016, November 8).
http://kemenperin.go.id. Retrieved from http://kemenperin.go.id
Krishnan, S., Omar, C. M., Zahran, I., Syazwan, N., & Alyaa, S. (2017). The Awareness of Gen Z's toward Halal Food Industry. Management, 7(1), 44- 47.
Nurlatifah, H., & Samiono, B. E. (2016). A STUDY OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR FOR HALAL PRODUCT. 4 th Gajah Mada International Conference Economic and Bussiness 2016. 4, pp. 633-643. Yogyakarta:
Universitas Gajah Mada.
Thomson Reuters. (2016). State of The Global Islamic Economy Report 2016/17.
London: Thomson Reuters.
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Yusuf, E., & Yajid, M. S. (2016). Halal pharmaceutical and cosmeceuticals from the persepstive Higher Education. Journal of pharmaceutical scicence, 11, 18-19.
Yusuf, E., & Yajid, M. S. (2016). Halal pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals from hte perspective of higer education. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Scences, 18-19.
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WEST NUSA TENGGARA HALAL TOURISM RESEARCH APPROACH
Nurul Huda*1, Nova Rini2, Muslikh3, and Slamet Hidayat4
1) Universitas YARSI, Jl. Letjend Suprapto No.1, Cempaka Putih, Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia, Telp. +62812-9076-274; [email protected]
2) STIE Muhammadiyah Jakarta, Jl. Minangkabau No. 60, Manggarai, Jakarta Selatan, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia,Telp. +62817-6094-259; [email protected]
3) Universitas YARSI, Jl. Letjend Suprapto No.1, Cempaka Putih, Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia, Telp. +62815-8876-942
4) Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya, Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia, Telp. +62812- 9797-0995; [email protected]
*Corresponding author : [email protected]
Abstract.
The development of halal tourism in Indonesia is still far from expectations. The purpose of this study is to explore the problems, solutions and strategies relating to halal tourism in West Nusa Tenggara from the aspect of government, community and hotel, travel and food. This research is a qualitative research. The method used is the Analytic Networking Process (ANP) using Super Decision Software. The results of the study showed that the priority problems in the development of halal tourism in West Nusa Tenggara from the government aspect were the Brand, Specification of Rules, and Standarization. Priority problems from the aspect of community are Knowledge, Cleanliness, and Information.
Priority issues from aspects of hotel, travel, and halal food are Halal Food, Promotion, and Sharia Hotels. The strategy model to overcome the problem of developing halal tourism in West Nusa Tenggara is in the areas of Promotion, Synergy, and Hotels, Travel, Halal Food.
Keywords : Problems, Solutions, Strategies, Halal Tourism
1. INTRODUCTION
Halal tourism is a field of study which is still in its early stages, but at a practical level the number of halal products and services has begun to increase worldwide (Sánchez & Moral-Moral, 2018; Gabdrakhmanov, et. Al, 2016;
Safiullin, et. Al, 2016; Adinugraha, et al, 2018; Rahman, et al, 2017).
One of the areas that become halal tourism destinations is West Nusa Tenggara (NTB). This is because the province of NTB received 3 (three) awards at the 2016 World Tourism event held in Abu Dhabi. The form of regional government support in the development of halal tourism in NTB is the ratification of Governor Regulation (Pergub) No. 51 of 2015 concerning Halal Tourism,
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which was later strengthened through Regional Regulation (Perda) No. 2 of 2016 concerning Halal Tourism (Hamzana, 2017).
The number of tourists visiting NTB in 2014 - 2018 both local and foreign tourists experienced a significant increase after the existence of local regulations, except in the 3rd quarter of 2018 when an earthquake natural disaster occurred in Lombok (see figure 1). In the period 2014 - 2018 there were 1,629,122 tourists visiting NTB (Disbudpar NTB, 2019).
Figure 1. Tourist visit to West Nusa Tenggara 2014 – 2018 Source: Disbudpar NTB, 2019
The data in Figure 1 shows very satisfying results for the NTB government, but the number is still inferior to the number of tourists visiting Bali. As many as 5,697,739 tourists were recorded in 2017, and increased to 6,027,159 tourists who came to Bali in 2018 (Central Bureau of Statistics of the Province of Bali, 2018).
In fact, the increase in tourism visits to NTB, especially on the islands of Lombok and Sumbawa is inseparable from the "overflow" of tourists visiting Bali. Many tourists visit the Senggigi Tiga Gili area in West Lombok Regency, which comes from Padang Bai Harbor in Bali by speedboat. The tourist destinations, especially foreign tourists who come from Bali to Lombok Island are Senggigi Beach, Gili Trawangan, Gili Air, and Gili Meno which are the mainstay of Lombok Island tourism in NTB. So it is not surprising if it later arises the notion that tourism in NTB depends on Bali's fate (travel.kompas.com, accessed 12 September 2019).
The condition of tourism in NTB which is still inferior and still dependent on Bali is what must be immediately improved. Even though NTB has the potential of tourist objects that are not inferior to Bali, such as Senggigi Beach, Seger Beach, and Kuta Mandalika Beach (see figure 2). But until now the government does not have a model for developing halal tourism strategies in Indonesia, especially in NTB. This model of halal tourism development strategy is intended so that Indonesia, especially West Nusa Tenggara, is expected to become the world's leading region in terms of the halal tourism industry. Preparation of the model requires early identification of problems, solutions and strategies. The limited comprehensive research on problems, solutions and strategies for developing halal tourism in NTB (Awalia, 2017; Jaelani & Haryati, 2017;
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Hamzana, 2017; Wahyulina et.al, 2018) encourages researchers to conduct research to formulate a halal tourism development model in NTB.
Figure 2. Tourism Destination Objects at West Nusa Tenggara Source: Huda, site visit, 2019
The model of developing halal tourism in NTB has not been made as a whole. The model will be created starting from the mapping of problems, solutions, and strategies with in-depth research approaches. So the purpose of this study is to: 1.
Analyze the main problems in the development of halal tourism in the province of West Nusa Tenggara; 2. Analyzing the main solutions in the development of halal tourism in the province of West Nusa Tenggara; and 3. Analyzing a model of halal tourism development strategy in the province of West Nusa Tenggara.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW