Agus Edi Winarto
3.3 Discussion
Based on the theories and previous researches, it can be seen that all students use their own learning strategies in learning EFL. Students use various learning strategies either to overcome their problems in learning English as a foreign or second language or to enhance their competence in learning English. It also can be said that different learners have different styles in learning; therefore, they use different learning strategies. It is assumed that those who know, understand, and realize the best ways to learn, the most effective learning strategies, they will get easier in learning and are able to achieve successful results.
Based on the research results, the learning strategies which become the most frequently used by students are metacognitive strategies. Besides metacognitive strategies, there are still three other learning strategies are at high level, they are: social strategies, compensation strategies, and cognitive strategies. In other words, we can say that students usually, generally, or commonly use those strategies in learning EFL. On the other hand, the learning strategies which become the least frequently used by students are memory strategies, then followed by affective strategies. Those strategies are at medium level. In other words, we can say that students sometimes use memory and affective strategies in learning EFL. Although in summary, the research results still come to the conclusion that the students’
learning strategies are at high level which mean that they usually use their learning strategies in learning EFL.
The research results above support the previous researches. It has been found that metacognitive strategies are the most dominant learning strategies used by students in learning EFL (Tanjung: 2018;
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Wulandari: 2018). On the hand, the learning strategies which are the least frequently used are affective and memory strategies (Wulandary:2018). Besides that, Winarto (2018) has proved that metacognitive and social strategies are able to improve students’ writing skill. In short, almost all researchers agree that students have to be aware in using the most appropriate learning strategies based on their own styles in learning. On the other side, English teachers or lectures can train their students to use their learning strategies to become habit. It has been proved that successful learners use more various learning strategies than the unsuccessful ones. The failure in choosing the most appropriate learning strategies will affect the negative result in learning, or at least students will be unable to achieve the maximum results in their learning.
4 CONCLUSIONS
Learning strategies are students’ ways in learning to make learning easier and more effective to achieve successful results. Based on the research results, memory strategies get score 3.3 which is at medium level, cognitive strategies get score 3.5 which is at high level, compensation strategies get score 3.6 which is at high level, metacognitive strategies get score 3.8 which is at high level, affective strategies get score 3.4 which is at medium level, and social strategies get score 3.7 which is at high level. Based on the mean scores of the highest to the lowest mean score of those students’ learning strategies levels, the first rank is placed metacognitive strategies, then followed the next ranks are social strategies, compensation strategies, cognitive strategies, and the two lowest ranks are affective and memory strategies. Although there are two learning strategies are at medium level, in summary, the overall of average of the students’
learning strategies levels is 3.6 which is at high level. It means that students generally / commonly / usually use their learning strategies in learning EFL. Secondly, the learning strategies which are the most frequently used by students are metacognitive strategies; while the learning strategies which are the least frequently used are memory strategies.
By knowing students’ learning strategies levels, and the most and the least of the students’ learning strategies frequently used, English teachers / lecturers and English students or learners have to be aware about the students’ learning strategies. It will be useful if teachers or lectures have a chance to train their students to use various learning strategies. On the other side, every student has also to be able to select and choose the most appropriate learning strategies that can be used by him / her to make learning easier and more effective in learning EFL to achieve maximum results.
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