ENTITLED TRANSLATOR Ade Dwi Cahyanti
3.1 Types of Adjacency Pairs
Weather Rachel and Ben as the subjects applied several of the adjacency pairs in the utterances. Based on Paltridge’s theory of adjacency pair, the subjects applied almost all types while talking to each other.
There were eleven types of adjacency pairs, but only eight types were found in the data. The types of adjacency pairs occurred namely: requesting – agreement, assessment – agreement, question – answer, compliment – acceptance, complaint – apology, greeting – greeting, blame – denial, and offer – acceptance. The findings of the adjacency pairs can be seen in the explanation below.
3.1.1 Requesting – Agreement
The pattern of requesting and agreement is commonly used when the speaker needs a favor. This type occurred once in the dialogue between Ben and Rachel. The first participant asks the second participant to do something. The second participant replies to the first participant by approving the speaker’s wish. However, not only accepting but denying the speaker’s need is also part of this type. It can happen because the process of adjacency pairs happens automatically as a common system in conversation. It can be seen in the example below:
Ben : Wait a minute. Don’t you speak French? Would you translate for me? Please.
Rachel : Fine. I’ll be your translator.
It can be seen in the dialogue above that Ben as the first speaker asked the interlocutor to be his translator. It happened because Ben wanted to talk with another girl. After that, Rachel responded to Ben by accepting his request. Although Rachel did not want to be the translator, in the end, she accepted it. It happened because Rachel loved Ben. The utterances of Ben and Rachel indicated the use of requesting – agreement type.
3.1.2 Assessment – Agreement
In the second type, the first participant as the speaker expresses the feeling, the judgment, or the evaluation. It is based on certain events, people, or objects. That explanation is the characteristic of assessment – agreement type. Then, the response or the other participant responds to the first participant by giving an agreement. Here, the second participant gives feedback on the first participant’s opinion. This type occurred once in the dialogue between Ben and Rachel. The explanation can be seen in the conversation below:
Rachel : Claire?
Ben : She is so hot.
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In the conversation above, Rachel asked Ben about his opinion when he looked at Claire. As a response, Ben gave his opinion relating to Claire’s appearance. Based on Rachel’s utterance asking someone’s opinion, it contained assessment. Also, Ben’s utterance that answered Rachel’s question by giving his opinion indicated his word was part of the agreement.
3.1.3 Question – Answer
The rule of question and answer are used when the speaker asks something to the second participant in the conversation. Also, the question can be formed to find out information, clarification, etc.
Commonly, the first participant asks about the second participant’s life. The second participant replies to the first participant by answering the speaker’s question. This type occurred five times in the dialogue between Ben and Rachel. It can be seen in the example below:
Ben : She really said that?
Rachel : Yes.
In conversation, the activity of asking and answering is needed for the first participant as the speaker to get the information. The first participant was asked to clarify and the second participant answered it by giving a short response. Thus, the first participant’s expectation to get information is accomplished to answer his doubt. Ben played the role of information seek and Rachel as information provided.
3.1.4 Compliment – Acceptance
In this pattern, the compliment is a way of praising another person for something he or she has in their life. As a result, the other person gives responded with acceptance. It means that the combination shows that the first participant as the speaker tells the second participant about certain events, states, or affairs. After that, the second speaker responds to the first participant’s information by agreeing to it. This type occurred once in the dialogue between Ben and Rachel.
Ben : Beautiful
Rachel : Oh well if you say so I mean I guess I’m not the least attractive girl. Well yeah, thanks.
It can be seen that the first participant complimented the second participant by saying ‘beautiful’. Its word is a part of praising words. Then, the second participant makes a comment on the first participant’s statement. At the beginning of Rachel’s utterance, she did not say thank you because she is shied to admit it. This pattern showed that the first participant express his compliment and the second participant agrees and it is responded shyly.
3.1.5 Complaint – Apology
The rule of complaint and apology are used when the speaker complains to the other participant and the other participant apologies for it. Speakers can complain when they feel unsatisfied with something. Then, the second participant can apologize in the response to the complaint by expressing regretfully. This type occurred once in the dialogue between Ben and Rachel.
Ben : You’re sabotaging our conversation and I am asking you to stop.
Rachel : Sorry, I’ll translate it for real.
It can be seen that the first participant complained to the second participant by stressing his every word. It happened because Bean realized that something wrong with Rachel in translating Ben and Claire’s utterances. Because Rachel as the second participant scared that Ben will angry with her, it made she apologized to Ben and translated them for real. This pattern showed that the first participant express his anger by complaining and the second participant answered it by apologizing.
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145 3.1.6 Greeting – Greeting
The pattern of greeting and greeting are commonly used in opening conversation. The first participant greets and introduces the second participant or to the other participant in this case audience. Also, giving salutations is the characteristic of this pattern. After that, the second participant replies to the first participant. It can be seen that the process of adjacency pairs happens automatically as a common system in conversation. This type occurred once in the dialogue between Ben and Rachel. The example of this pattern can be seen in the example below:
Rachel : Hi Ben.
Ben : Oh hi.
Based on the speakers’ utterances, Rachel greeted Ben by using a short response. Then, Ben responded to Rachel’s greeting by saying ‘Hi’. The first speaker applied this type to start the conversation. Even though this conversation Rachel and Ben used the same words in responding to the conversation, it is still considered that one type of adjacency pair is used in this conversation is greeting – greeting.
3.1.7 Blame – Denial
The rule of blame and denial are used when the first participant blames something, and commonly blame themselves. Then, the other participant gives the feedback by providing the opposition’s statement to the first participant’s utterance. Here, blame can be seen when the first participant expresses the emotion in utterances that someone or themselves is responsible for the mistake. Also, denial focuses on the statement that to show is not valid. This type occurred twice in the dialogue between Ben and Rachel
Ben : I’m such an idiot.
Rachel : There there. No, you’re a good boy.
Based on the dialogue above, Ben blamed his selves because he thought that Rachel lied to him and Claire did not like him. After Rachel saw Ben’s hopelessness, Rachel felt sorry. She patted Ben’s head and calmed Ben by rejecting Ben’s statement. Rachel’s statement was the characteristic of denial.
3.1.8 Offer – Acceptance
This pattern can be seen in the conversation when the first participant offers something to the second participant. After that, the second participant accepts the offer. The utterance of offer focuses on giving something to someone, it may be in the form of goods or services. Then, the acceptance relates to the response of the speaker to show the offer is accepted. This type occurred once in the dialogue between Ben and Rachel.
Rachel : I’ll be your translator.
Ben : Thank you so much. You’re the best.
Based on the dialogue above, Rachel offered to be Ben’s translator to help Ben communicate with Claire. Rachel offered herself and Ben accepted the offer happily. As the translator, Rachel offered her service in the middle of Ben and Claire. Ben accepted Rachel’s help brightly because Ben wanted to talk with Claire but they have language issues. It can be concluded that Rachel and Ben use different utterances in offering and accepting each statement.
4 CONCLUSIONS
Based on the findings in the previous section, the researcher found there were several adjacency pairs involved in the speakers’ utterances. It can happen because when the speaker started the conversation, adjacency pairs are always involved in the utterance unconsciously. There were eight types of adjacency pairs based on the conversation between Rachel and Ben, such as requesting-agreement,
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assessment-agreement, question-answer, compliment-acceptance, complaint-apology, greeting- greeting, blame-denial, and offer-acceptance. Additionally, question-answer was the most commonly used type of the adjacency pair. Here, Ben and Rachel used this type five times.
REFERENCES
References [Book Antiqua, 10-point, left alignment, upper and lower case] should be cited according to the Bibliography and Citation Style https://iated.org/citation_guide
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