Mufti Rasyid 1 , Fitriatul Masitoh 2
3.3 Reasons Influencing Code Switching and Code Mixing in Layangan Putus Web Series
After watching, observing, and documenting Layangan Putus Web series Episode 1A and 1B, the writers found four reasons influencing code switching and code mixing, they are: discussion about particular topic (requiring English lexicons, using repetition for clarification, and expressing group identity
3.3.1 Discussion about Particular Topic
The fact that particular languages are always associated with particular topic or field is very interesting. For example, it is not surprising that English is always considered as language of technology, business, and science, meanwhile Arabic is somehow associated with Islam or anything religious. In Layangan putus, there are some examples of how English and Indonesian are interchangeable due to some topic discussed in the dialogue.
“Not just Sangria, I mean if you like kita ada Cendol Dawet juga”,(not only Sangria, I mean if you like we also have Cendol Dawet ), said Aris in a party.
It is intriguing how Aris suddenly switched from English when he talked about Sangria to Indonesian when he talked about cendol dawet. Sangria represents modern western-style alcoholic
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beverage and cendol dawet represents traditional Indonesian/Javanese beverage. It could be inferred from this switch that in discussing about culinary topic, Aris tended to use English for modern drinks and Indonesian for traditional drink to make it more appropriate.
Figure 3. Sangria Vs Cendol Dawet
“Don’t forget invoice juga cepet cair”. (Don’t forget the invoice will be released soon), said Miranda to Aris
You look really nice, Ini custom-made atau off the rack? (You look really nice.
Is this custom-made or off the rack?), said Miranda complementing Aris’
good-look.
The second finding comes from Miranda. Owning a big multinational corporation, Miranda holds the title as “the most keminggris character” in the show. Keminggris is a Javanese term for those who love to speak English for prestige. In fact, the use of English by Miranda is not surprising. In business setting, the use of English is massive, especially in Jakarta. Therefore, Miranda prefers to say: “don’t forget invoice” instead of “jangan lupa nota tagihannya”. It is believed that English lexicons is more specific and accurate to describe business terms than Indonesian. Not only in the topic of culinary and business, in fashion, the use of English language is also enormous. Therefore, Miranda preferred to say “custom-made” and “off the rack” instead “sesuai pesanan” or “beli di toko”. This is due to the lack of ability of Indonesian to describe fashion terms
3.3.2 Using repetition for clarification
It is common for a bilingual speaker to repeat a word or phrase in a language with a word or phrase from other language to emphasize or clarify the meaning. This repetition also occurs few times in Layangan Putus web series as described below:
Nggak apa-apa, it’s okay (I am fine. It’s okay, said Kinan to Aris
In this sentence, Kinan is trying to convince Aris that she has no problems if Aris spends a night in Bandung for a business purpose. Therefore, she repeated his statement in other language to emphasize that she has no objections.
3.3.3 Expressing group identity
English as an international language is an unavoidable necessity to survive in this globalization era. In order to communicate and negotiate with anyone around the world, everyone is required to speak international language. English holds its position as de facto (if not de jure) international language. The phenomenon of code switching and code mixing in Indonesia is one of most obvious effects of the influence of English as an international language. According to Devie
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Rachmawati, a sociology scholar from Universitas Indonesia, in bilingual setting, mixing languages is a hierarchical symbol that shows social status, education, and honour (CNN Indonesia, 2018)
Layangan Putus is a perfect example of this issue. Set in the elite South Jakarta neighbourhood, all characters of this series are the member of Jaksel (Jakarta Selatan) community. South Jakarta is home to many wealthy families, celebrities, and expatriates. SCBD (Sudirman Central Business District), the largest business quarter in Indonesia is located here. Many international schools are located here and the youth of this community prefers to study abroad for higher education.
Therefore, bilingualism is an inevitable phenomenon. Ni Wayan, a linguistic scholar from Unair explains about Jaksel language: “"The social level of the people of South Jakarta is considered higher so they feel the need to include elements of English in their daily conversations," (Kompas, 2019)
Figure 4. Aris and Kinan’s luxurious house
Aris is depicted as the CEO of a big multinational company, as well as Miranda. Meanwhile, Kinan, having a graduate degree in medicine (but deciding not be a doctor but to be a housewife), is always surrounded by Dita and Andre, both are doctors and Lola, a lawyer. Lidya as the femme fatale is depicted as psychiatrist in international school where Raya and Brandon (Kinan and Miranda’s children) study. All these characters construct the identity of an elite and prestigious community.
Before Layangan Putus, web series is not really popular in Indonesia. People get used to watch Sinetron, an Indonesian version of telenovela or soap opera which typically portray stories about husband-wife. The story is always cliché, exaggerating and is intended to target medium-class audience. Therefore, I believe that the director of Layangan Putus intentionally utilized English to build the image of a more “classy” show. It will broaden the target audience from medium-class housewives to youth and higher-class community. In the word English language is “exploited” to raise the rating of this show.
4 CONCLUSIONS
It is always mesmerizing to see how globalization and the development of technology has made boundaries between nations and cultures nearly vanished. A language as one of the main barriers between communities has been blended, mixed, and inter-connected. This research describes how globalization has influenced the characters in Layangan Putus to conduct bilingualism in their speeches.
It could be summarized there are three types of code switching (inter-sentential, intra-sentential, and tag switching) and three types of code mixing (insertion, alternation, and congruent lexicalization). It could also be concluded from the research that there are some reasons which influence the use of code
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switching in Layangan Putus web series, they are as follows: discussion about particular topic (requiring English lexicons), interjection (inserting sentence fillers or sentence connector), using repetition for clarification, and expressing group identity. The director of Layangan Putus intentionally inserts the element of English to construct the identity of its characters. This show has successfully brought the typical “husband-wife” which is always cliché to the highest level.
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