UNIT 9. POLITICS
C. Reading: The Coming of Islam in Indonesia
Task 1. Develop your reading skills. Read the following text and do the comprehension questions
Factors of good health
Health is the general condition of a person's mind, body and spirit, usually meaning to be free from illness, injury or pain. The World Health Organization (WHO) defined health in its broader sense in 1946 as "a
state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."
Generally, the context in which an individual lives is of great importance on health status and quality of life. It is increasingly recognized that health is maintained and improved not only through the advancement and application of health science, but also through the efforts and intelligent lifestyle choices of the individual and society.
According to the World Health Organization, the main determinants of health include the social and economic environment, the physical environment, and the person's individual characteristics and behaviors.
In fact, an increasing number of studies and reports from different organizations and contexts examine the linkages between health and different factors, including lifestyles, environments, health care organization, and health policy.
Focusing more on lifestyle issues and their relationships with functional health, data from different studies suggested that people can improve their health via: exercise, enough sleep, maintaining a healthy body weight, limiting alcohol use, and avoiding smoking.
In addition to that, the ability to adapt and to self manage have been suggested as core components of human health.
Personal health also depends partially on the social structure of a person's life. The maintenance of strong social relationships, volunteering, and other social activities have been linked to positive mental health and even increased longevity. In contrast, prolonged psychological stress may negatively impact health, and has been cited as a factor in cognitive impairment with aging, depressive illness, and expression of disease.
Source : Wikipedia
study was performed on earthworms that showed the extension of life thanks to fasting. The experiment was performed in the 1930s by isolating one worm and putting it on a cycle of fasting and feeding. The isolated worm outlived the other worms by 19 generations, while still maintaining its freshness and youthful physiological characteristics.
Source: Eslgold.com The health benefits of fasting
Task 1. These are some of people who were around the place when the happened. Look at the pictures and write down what they were doing at that time.
Taken from Udayana Garden on Desember 2018
Taken from. Google.com
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F. Grammar Focus
Task 1. So what’s the rule for whether we use the -ing form or the infinitive?
1. Pengertian
Gerund merupakan bentuk kata kerja yang berakhiran dengan “- ing” dan digunakan sebagai kata benda
Gerund adalah: bentuk verb “-ing” dari kata kerja yang difungsikan sebagai kata benda (membendakan kata kerja) dengan cara menambah ING di belakangnya
Contoh kalimat :
Writing is necessary for my life (menulis itu penting bagi kehidupanku)
Kata “Writing” dibentuk dari kata kerja “Write” dengan menambahkan
“-ing”.
“Writing” digunakan sebagai subjek dari kata kerja “is” sehingga
“writing” melakukan pekerjaan kata benda.
2. Penggunaan Gerund
Sebagai subjek untuk kata kerja
Writing is my hobby (menulis adalah hobi saya)
Smoking is not good for health (merokok tidak baik untuk kesehatan)
Reading is very important for students (membaca sangat penting untuk siswa) 3. Sebagai objek
Ranti loves writing (Ranti suka menulis)
I don’t like smoking (saya tidak suka merokok)
Ijem don’t have cooking (Ijem tidak bisa memasak)
4. Digunakan sebagai pelengkap (komplemen) kata kerja yang tidak lengkap (incomplete verb). Biasanya didahului to be
The things which Ijem enjoys are eating, drinking, and sleeping.
(Hal-hal yang Ijem senangi adalah makan, minum, dan tidur)
My favorite activity is reading, writing, and shopping.
(Aktifitas kesukaanku adalah membaca, menulis dan belanja)
5. Digunakan di belakang “No” membentuk kalimat pendek yang menyatakan larangan atau peringatan.
Ø No Parking! (dilarang parkir!)
Ø No Smoking! (dilarang merokok!)
Ø No running ! (dilarang berlari!)
6. Digunakan seperti kata sifat atau sebagai penjelas kata benda (Noun modifier)
Sleeping-bed (kasur tidur)
Reading-room (ruang baca)
Walking-stick (tongkat untuk berjalan)
Writing-paper (kertas tulis)
Shopping-bag (tas belanja)
7. Digunakan sebagai Appositive (keterangan tambahan) dalam suatu kalimat.
Her hobby, swimming, has helped to keep her healthy.
(Hobinya, berenang, telah membantunya agar tetap sehat)
My hooby, writing, is interesting.
(Hobiku, menulis, menarik)
He has a bad habit, Smoking.
(Dia punya kebiasaan buruk, merokok)
8. Gerund setelah kata depan (preposition) : by, in, on, at, of, after, before, without, besides, etc.
After passing High School, I will enter the University.
(Setelah tamat SMA, aku akan memasuki Universitas)
Before going abroad, we must study English.
(Sebelum pergi keluar negeri, kita harus belajar bahasa Inggris)
By studying, we will speak English fluently.
(Dengan belajar, kita dapat berbahasa Inggris dengan lancar)
9. Gerund setelah ngkapan-ungkapan tertentu It is not use : tidak ada gunanya Worth : patut
Busy : sibuk
Can’t help : tidak dapat menahan Let’s go : ayolah/mari kita Etik is busy preparing his homework.
(Etik sedang sibuk mempersiapkan tugasnya)
Let’s go shopping at Ramayana.
(Mari kita pergi belanja ke Ramayana)
I can’t help crying when hearing the news.
(Saya tidak dapat menahan tangis saat mendengar berita itu) 10. Gerund digunakan dengan possessive adjective : my, your, his,
her, our, their
Your coming to my home made me happy.
(kedatanganmu ke rumahku membuat aku bahagia)
Miss Nawang doesn’t like our coming late.
(Bu Nawang tidak suka kami datang terlambat)
Do you mind my smoking here ?
(keberatankah anda, saya merokok disini ?) 11. Gerund setelah kata-kata : when, while, since.
When riding motor-cycle, we must wear a helmet.
(Bila mengendarai sepeda motor, kita harus memakai helm)
While running to school this morning, I met a new friend.
(Ketika saya berlari ke sekolah tadi pagi, saya bertemu teman baru)
Since leaving home, Ijem has been sick.
(Sejak meninggalkan rumah, Ijem sakit) 12. Gerund dalam bentuk kalimat Negative.
I consider not going there again.
(saya mempertimbangkan untuk tidak ke sana lagi)
He admitted not seeing Eka.
(Dia mngaku tidak melihat Eka)
I suggested him not telling Sam about that matter.
(Saya menyarankan untuk tidak mengatakan kepada Sam tentang hal itu)
13. Gerund dalam kalimat pasif.
Sebagai subject
Being told that he is lazy, makes him very angry.
(Karena dikatakan malas, membuatnya sangat marah)
Being asked to tidy his room, Ijem very hungry.
(Karena disuruh merapikan ruangannya, Ijem sangat marah) Sebagai Object
Ijem doesn’t like being woken up early.
(Ijem tidak suka dibangunkan cepat-cepat)
The student don’t like being given too much homework.
(Murid-murid tidak suka diberikan terlalu banyak tugas) 14. Digunakan sebagai pengganti infinitive.
Seperti infinitive yang juga dapat digunakan sebagai kata benda, gerund dapat diganti oleh infinitif tanpa terjadi perubahan arti.
Gerund Infinitive
I love reading.
( Aku suka membaca)
I love to read.
(Aku suka membaca) Teach me talking.
(Ajarkan aku bicara)
Teach me to talk.
(Ajarkan aku bicara) Ijem will try doing it.
(Ijem akan mencoba melakukannya)
Ijem will try to do it.
(Ijem akan mencoba melakukannya) 15. Ada 3 kata kerja Gerund, yang kalau diikuti V1 + ing
mempunyai arti yang berbeda dengan diikuti To + V1 yaitu kata kerja “Stop, Remember dan Forget”
Contoh :
She stops drinking
(dia berhenti minum untuk mengerjakan sesuatu) She stops to drink
(dia menghentikan sesuatu untuk minum)
I remember walking with you (saya ingat pernah berjalan denganmu) I remember to walk with you (saya ingat berjalan denganmu)
I forget refusing you
(saya lupa pernah menolak kamu) I forget to refuse you
(saya lupa untuk menolak kamu)
Task 2. Put the verb into either the gerund (-ing) or the infinitive (with 'to')
1) I don't fancy ……… (go) out tonight 2) She avoided …….(tell) him about her plans 3) I would like………..( come) to the party with you 4) He enjoys …………(have) a bath in the evening 5) She kept ………(talk) during the film
6) Do you mind………… (give) me a hand?
7) She helped me ………(carry) my suitcases.
8) I've finished ……….(cook) - come and eat!
9) He decided ………….(study) biology 10) I dislike ………..(wait)
11) He asked ………(come) with us 12) I promise ………(help) you tomorrow
13) We discussed ………..(go) to the cinema, but in the end we stayed at home
14) She agreed …….(bring) the pudding to the dinner
15) I don't recommend ………(take) the bus - it takes forever!
16) We hope ……….(visit) Amsterdam next month 17) She suggested ………(go) to the museum 18) They plan ………(start) college in the autumn 19) I don't want …………(leave) yet
UNIT 9
Politic
Learning objective
Having finished learning this unit, the students are able to:
Respond to the transactional/interpersonal conversation for daily communication
Identify the language function of narrative text.
Express the idea about denial fact
Express the language expression of denial fact for daily communication
Grammar intact
Past Participle
A. Listening
Task 1. Listen to the conversation Elections
https://awsimages.detik.net.id/community/media/visual/2019/02/17/631d3 820-bf85-491a-aaa1-39f0fc791c1f_169.jpeg?w=780&q=90
Task 2. Answer the question 1. What is the purpose of the text?
2. What are described in the text above?
Dinda and Akbar Discuss Going To Vote In An Election Dinda : I am going out now, I’ll see you at the class later.
Akbar : Why are you going so early today? The class doesn’t start for ages.
Dinda : I want to go and vote at the polling station now as I’ll be too busy later.
Akbar : Why are you going to vote? What is the vote for?
Dinda : What do you mean? It is a by-election.
Akbar : Oh. I’d no idea there was an election.
Dinda : I just threw them away. I wasn’t interested.
Akbar : Aren’t you going to vote today?
Dinda : No. Voting isn’t important.
Akbar : Yes it is. It’s very important that you vote when you have the chance.
Dinda : Why?
Akbar : Because we are very lucky to live in a democracy and not under a dictator.
Dinda : So do you vote in all the elections?
Akbar : Yes, I always vote. I think it’s very important to go and vote.
Dinda : Should I go and vote today?
Akbar : I think you should, but it’s your choice in the end. Do what you want
B. Speaking
Expressing a Denial Fact 1. Expressing
Examples :
Practicing :
Any : will you do me a favor, ani?
Nila : yes, I “ll be glad to, Ani
Any : well, on your way, would you drop at the post-office to post this letter?
Nila : certainly, with pleasure
Any : It’s rather important that this letter has to reach the ‘ News Paper’ a
: week from now Nila : What letter is it
Any : the article of economic crisis for Jakarta Post
Nila : I see, I’ll go straight to the post-office and post your article soon.
All right?
Any : oh, that’s very nice of you. Thank you very much Nila : you’re welcome
That isn’t Quite Exactly True
Right Correct
I think you might be mistake That’ s just not true
Actually …
2. Responding Example:
Practicing :
Gina : his statement disappointed you, didn’t you?
Lyla : I don’t care with what he stated. He is rather selfish.
Gina : and then what will you do?
Lyla : well, I’ll go my own way Gina : why?
Lyla : because I want to do my best to everybody. The most important I’m not doing anything wrong.
Gina : gina, you didn’t keep your promise.
Lyla : oh, I’m sorry. I forgot.
Gina : you kept me waiting for hours.
Lyla : I was busy helping my father.
Gina : well, but you remember that you had promised to someone.
Lyla : Are you angry with me?
Gina : No, I’m not. But you mustn’t do it next time.
Lyla : OK, I’ll try to keep my promise.
Task 1. Practice with your group how to expressing a denial fact in contextual situation
Thank you for bringing that to my attention Thank you for pointing that out.
Thank you for correcting me (on that)
C. Reading
The coming of Islam in Indonesia Word Highlight ( Kata-Kata Penting) Merchants (murchәnt) : Saudagar/Pedagang Southern (suthәrn) : Selatan Coastal (kÒst’l ) : Pantai Spread (spred ) : Penyebaran Converted (kәn vÚrt) : Muallaf
Exerting (ig zÚrt ing) : Menggunakan/Mendesak Pressure (préshәr) : Tekanan
Disappeared (dìssә peérd) : Menghilang
Intrusion (in troÓzh’n) : Pengacauan Trade (trayd) : Perdagangan
Growth (grÔth) : Pertumbuhan/perkembangan Extreme (ik streém) : Perbedaan yang besar Frequent (freékwәnt) : Sering /berulang-ulang
Task 1. Read the text carefully!
The Coming of Islam In Indonesia
Taken from Hubbul Wathan Mosque NTB Lombok ( Islamic Center Matarm) Islam arrived via overseas merchant, initially from southern India and Gujarat in western India. By the late 13th century the coastal states of northern Sumatra were beginning to accept the new religion; the first Muslim ruler in northern Sumatra was Sultan Malik Al- Saleh of Pasai.
Islam spread slowly until the rise of the sultanate of Malacca ( Melaka) on peninsular Malaysia’s western coast in the early 15th century. Malacca had become a major spot on the trade route between the Moluccas (Spice Island) and Eurofe, which increasingly sought Moluccan spices. As a result, Malacca gained commercial and political power and also became the major center in Southeast Asia for the spread of Islam.
Malacca’s gain came at the express of Majapahit. Merchants from Majapahit in northern java traveled to Malacca totrade Javanese rice for Moluccan spice, and many merchants converted to Islam. They became important in Malacca’s population. Malaccan prices in turn became powerful from their trade connections and began exerting commercial
and military pressure on Majapahit. By the early 16th century, Majapahit had virtually disappeared.
Meanwhile, Portuguese trades capture Malacca in 1511. The Eurofean instruction changed the existing patterns of trade and led to the growth of several strong Muslim states, each competing with the others for trade routes in Indonesia. One of the most powerful of these was Aceh in northern Sumatra. During the 16th century Aceh launched frequent attacks against Portuguese Malacca, either alone or with other local Muslim states. Under Sultan Iskandar Muda, aceh controlled of Sumatra’s pepper-trading ports except those in the extreme south, and its influence extended to parts of the Malay Peninsula. Another important trading state of the period was Makasar. Situated in southwestern Sulawesi, Makasar and Its people converted to Islam in the early 17th century. Batam, in western java, was the Muslim successor to the Hindu kindom of Sunda. Batam controlled southern Sumatra and thus the vital Sunda Strait. In the late 16th century a new Muslim kindom of Mataram arose in central java and began to absorb many of java’s maritime principalities.
Source:English competence reading comprehension//rajawali press
Task 2. Guessing Meaning
Here are some words from the text. Read the text again and then choose the best meaning for each one. The paragraph number is given in the brackets
Word Guessing Meaning Synonym
1. Initially
………
a. Originally b. lastly c. Ldly
2. Accept
………
a. Deny b. Believe c. Throw 3. Spread
………..
a. Before b. Descend c. Increase 4. Rise
……….
a. Grow b. Descend c. fall 5. Expense
………..
a. Broke b. cost c. Liquid 6. Important
………..
a. Different b. Significant c. Blank 7. Converted
………..
a. Same b. Blank c. Changed 8. Population
………..
a. Residents b. Animals c. Things 9. Existing
………..
a. News b. Dead c. Alive 10. Converted
………
a. Arranged b. Improved c. Composed
Task 3. Develop your reading skills.
Democracy
The term Democracy comes from the Greek words dêmos (people) and Kratos (power). In its literal meaning, democracy means the "rule of the people". In fact it is a form of government in which all eligible people have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives. Democracy as a political systems existed in some Greek city-states, notably Athens following a popular uprising in 508 BC.
Equality and freedom have both been identified as important characteristics of democracy since ancient times. These principles are reflected in all citizens being equal before the law and having equal access to legislative processes. For example, in a representative democracy, every vote has equal weight, no unreasonable restrictions can apply to anyone seeking to become a representative, and the freedom of its citizens is secured by legitimized rights and liberties which are generally protected by a constitution.
There are several varieties of democracy, some of which provide better representation and more freedom for their citizens than others.
However, if any democracy is not structured so as to prohibit the government from excluding the people from the legislative process, or any branch of government from altering the separation of powers in its own favor, then a branch of the system can accumulate too much power and destroy the democracy. Separation of powers is a model of governance under which the state is divided into branches, each with separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility so that no one branch has more power than the other branches. The normal division of branches is into an executive, a legislature, and a judiciary. Source: Wikipedia
Comprehension :
1. Democracy is a new system of governance.
a. True b. False
2. The most important principles of democracy are equality and freedom.
a. True.
b. False.
3. The separation of powers threatens democracy a. True
b. False