River Basin and Disaster Management
T- Statistic
2. Research Method
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Page | 105 The impact of natural disaster in a region is directly felt by the society and it is important to reduce and avoid the risk by increasing their capacity [1]. This society is one that has direct experience on a disaster so their understanding of it becomes a basic knowledge in reducing the risk; it is important to understand their response [2].
There are changes in the orientation of research on disaster. It is not only on the technical and handling the victims, but also on the approach that emphasizes on society aspects including the management proposal mitigation integrally in society development [3]
There will be changes in city structure and form as the implementation of disaster-prone mitigation. The understanding from the society will be needed to create a perception so they can adapt to it. The structure and form of the city is the result of the dynamic from various factors, generally or locally, in social, economic, cultural, and physical factors. Allocating the utilization area in the structure will require a plan to sum the needs of society from all sectors, both in current needs as well as in the future.
The purpose of the study was to analyze the adaptation process with the dependability on understanding, readiness and the availability of mitigation in infrastructure and perception affecting society in disaster-prone city. The problem of this research is that the mitigation implementation cannot accommodate the needs of society in all sectors so they need to adapt to it in reducing the casualties and risk of the disaster.
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Page | 106 This research used the survey design with quantitative and qualitative analytical approaches; it was a research that took samples from population and used questionnaires and interviews as the main data collection. The research was based on the premise that the society perception was really needed in determining plan and development guidelines as well as the provision of infrastructure facilities in a district and city in terms of earthquake disaster mitigation. It is one of the development concepts by including their participations so we can know their perception towards their living place; also, we know their understanding and mitigation (the infrastructure preparation) along with their adaptation and anticipation in facing earthquakes. The population in this study was the society from West Padang and the samples used 455 patriarch based on Slovin’s theory n = N / 1 + Ne2. [4]
Table 1. Latent Variables and Observed Variables
Latent Variable The Observable Variables Code
Physical
Social
Economic
Culture
Mitigation
Perception
Adaptation
Earthquake-resistant buildings When disaster shelter
When disaster happen take cover Disaster-prone areas
The level of public awareness Mutual cooperation Decision-making Economic system The unemployment rate Criminality
The appropriate counseling culture The level of society awareness
The society leaders becomes a role model The society still cherish the culture
The standard of earthquake resistant building The evacuation routes in the environment The capacity of evacuation is adequate The room of evacuation is adequate Community got a briefing
The spatial of Padang
Uncomfortable the resident move The control and usege of space The outreach for the society Adjustment to environment conditions Necessary precautions
Material benefits
Physical1 Physical 2 Physical 3 Physical 4 Social 1 Social 2 Social 3 Economic 1 Economic 2 Economic 3 Culture 1 Culture 2 Culture 3 Culture 4 Mitigation 1 Mitigation 2 Mitigation 3 Mitigation 4 Mitigation 5 Perception 1 Perception 2 Perception 3 Perception 4 Adaptation 1 Adaptation 2 Adaptation 3
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Page | 107 Explanation on factors used in establishing models are as follow:
1. Comprehension Factor influences perception and perception influences adaptation based on the Cognitive And Piaget theory.
2. Comprehension is influenced by Physical, Social, Economic & Cultural factors based on the concept of environmental science.
3. An increase in mitigation factor (preparedness of facilities & infrastructure) is a concept developed by the writer to be tested in a model using SEM
Based on the concept of frameworks and outlined, the formulated hypothesis in this study were:
H1: There is a relationship / influence between comprehension variables (understanding) towards the perception (perceptual)
H2: There is a relationship / influence between comprehension variables (understanding) towards the mitigation (mitigate)
H3: There is a relationship / influence between mitigation variables (mitigate) towards the perception (perceptual) H4: There is a relationship / influence between perception variables (perceptual) towards adaptation (adaptability) 3. Analysis and Discussion
After testing the measurement model and the simplifications of latent variable, either to the first order or to the second one, then, the Confirmatory Test Factor Analysis (CFA) was done which aimed to reconfirm latent variable that could be processed further simultaneously / in same time to the stage of structural research.[5]
The pictures of CFA test results could be seen in the figure below:
Figure 2. Confirmatory Factor Analysis Test / CFA (Standardized Solution)
The first step to see how the data supported the model, we used the indicator value: the Goodness of Fit Index (GOFI) latent variable on CFA test. The result showed that the latent variable on CFA test had a value of Chi-Square = 0, df = 0, P-value = 1, RMSEA = 0.00, which meant a very good match, the model is saturated = perfect fit. It can be concluded that the data strongly supported the model for the latent variables in the CFA test.
The result on the latent variable measurement model on CFA test was seemed to have Standardized Loading Factor (SLF)> 0.50 (good validity). The reliability was good where the value of CR> 0.70 and VE> 0.50. The summary of the validity and reliability of the latent variables in the CFA test could be seen in the table below:
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Tabel 2. Latent Variables and Reliability on the CFA test Latent Variabel /
Observed variable
The value of SLF*) > 0.50
Error value The value of CR**) > 0.70
The value of VE***) > 0.50
The conclusion of calculation
Comprehension 0.98 0.98 Reliability good
Social 1 0.99 0.01 Validity good
Perception 0.99 0.99 Reliability good
Perception 1 1.00 0.01 Validity good
Mitigation 0.98 0.98 Reliability good
Mitigation 1 0.99 0.01 Validity good
Adaptation 0.97 0.97 Reliability good
Adaptation 1 0.99 0.03 Validity good
*) SLF = Standardized Factor Loading, wherein the value of good SLF> 0.50 **) CR = Construct Reliability; whereby CR good value> 0.70
***) VE = Variance Extracted, wherein the value of a good VE> 0.50